Deck 8: Atoms and Periodic Properties

Question 1

Atoms in an incandescent gas

A)emit all frequencies of light in a continuous spectrum.
B)emit different frequencies of light depending on its temperature.
C)emit characteristic frequencies of light.
D)absorb, rather than emit light.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle says that you cannot know the momentum or the position of an electron exactly.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An electron moves from one orbital to another only when it absorbs or emits energy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Einstein proposed that electrons on the surface of a metal gradually absorb energy from photons until they have enough energy to leave the surface.

Question 5

Protons and neutrons have about the same mass.

Question 6

J.J.Thomson reasoned that cathode rays were really charged particles because

A)a magnet deflected cathode rays.
B)cathode rays formed only when the air was pumped out of a discharge tube.
C)the properties of the cathode rays depended on the cathode material.
D)the cathode rays were attracted to the anode.

Question 7

Protons are so much more massive than electrons that you can neglect the mass of electrons when determining the mass of an atom.

Question 8

The atomic number of an element is the number of

A)protons.
B)protons and neutrons.
C)protons and electrons.
D)all the particles in the atom.

Question 9

Neutral atoms of a given element all have the same

A)number of protons.
B)atomic number.
C)number of electrons.
D)All of the above.

Question 10

Robert Millikan discovered that

A)the charge to mass ratio of electrons was constant.
B)the electron carries the smallest unit of electrical charge.
C)the oil droplets all carried the same amount of charge.
D)the electrons contained most of the mass of an atom.

Question 11

Millikan found that all of the oil droplets in his apparatus carried a charge that was an integer multiple of one particular value.

Question 12

The atomic number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 13

J.J.Thomson discovered that cathode rays were really a stream of electrons.

Question 14

Elements in the same row of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical properties.

Question 15

Niels Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom

A)was controversial because it contradicted accepted principles of physics.
B)held that electrons existed in allowed orbits and nowhere else.
C)accounted for the observed spectrum in hydrogen.
D)All of the above.

Question 16

When Rutherford found that some of the alpha particles fired at the gold foil were widely deflected, he concluded that

A)gold was an element, not a compound as previously believed.
B)atoms are solid, with spaces between them.
C)atoms are electrically neutral.
D)the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a tiny nucleus.

Question 17

The word halogen comes from the Greek, meaning salt-former.

Question 18

Rutherford concluded from his calculations that the volume of an atom

A)is filled with protons, neutrons, and electrons.
B)is mostly protons, with electrons revolving around the outside.
C)is filled with electrons.
D)is mostly empty space.

Question 19

John Dalton reasoned that atoms exist from the evidence that

A)there are numerous, tiny empty spaces in matter.
B)elements always combined in certain fixed ratios.
C)elements could not be broken down into simpler substances.
D)matter was homogeneous.

Question 20

The fact that wavelengths of the four lines in the Balmer series fit a regular pattern was evidence supporting the idea that

A)electrons could exist in only four energy states in a hydrogen atom.
B)there must be four electrons in each hydrogen atom.
C)electrons could only gain or lose specific amounts of energy in hydrogen atoms.
D)electrons were continuously losing energy.

Question 21

Photons of which of the following colors of light possess the greatest amount of energy?

A)blue
B)green
C)yellow
D)red

Question 22

According to the quantum mechanical model, electrons exist in

A)circular orbits.
B)elliptical orbits.
C)orbitals.
D)wavy orbits.

Question 23

Isotopes of an element are atoms that have

A)the same number of protons, but a different number of electron.
B)the same number of neutrons, but a different number of protons.
C)the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
D)equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 24

In the notation "2p⁴", the 4 refers to the

A)energy level of the electron.
B)number of p orbitals in the 2^nd energy level.
C)number of electrons in the 2p sublevel.
D)number of electrons in a single 2p orbital.

Question 25

The proposal that matter, like light, exhibits wave-like behavior was

A)verified in diffraction experiments with a beam of electrons.
B)never tested since it was known to be impossible.
C)shown to be theoretically possible, but never verified by experiment.
D)verified by physical measurements of a moving baseball.

Question 26

The energy of a photon of light emitted by an electron equals the

A)energy of the level it currently occupies.
B)energy of the level it just left.
C)energy of the ground state of the atom.
D)difference in energy between two levels.

Question 27

Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of .

A)9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons
B)9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 10 electrons
C)9 protons, 19 neutrons, and 9 electrons
D)10 protons, 9 neutrons, and 10 electrons

Question 28

The quantum mechanical model of the atom differs from the Bohr model in that it

A)considers the electron as a particle.
B)considers the electron as a wave.
C)predicts the specific location of the electron in an atom.
D)states that electrons can only exist at specific distances from the nucleus.

Question 29

The maximum number of electrons that can have the principal quantum number 2 in a given atom is

A)2.
B)4.
C)8.
D)...it varies from atom to atom.

Question 30

In the Bohr model of the atom, the energy state of an electron could be described with one number.The quantum mechanical model of the atom requires how many numbers to do the same?

A)4
B)2
C)1
D)It varies from atom to atom.