Deck 2: Interpersonal Communication and Self

Question 1

Our material self is defined as

A) that which we learn about ourselves based on our interactions with others.
B) our views of ourselves based on our values and moral standards.
C) our concept of self based on social interactions.
D) our concept of self as reflected through tangible items that we own.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

You like spinach,movies,and old cars.These are your ________ towards these items.

A) attitudes
B) values
C) beliefs
D) life attitudes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Place attitudes,values,and beliefs in order,starting with the most central to your behaviour and concept of self,and moving to the least central.

A) attitudes, values, beliefs
B) beliefs, values, attitudes
C) values, attitudes, beliefs
D) values, beliefs, attitudes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Philosophers suggest that there are three basic questions to which we all seek answers.They are

A) Who am I? How did I get here? Is there a God?
B) Who am I? Who are all these others? What effect do I have on others?
C) Is there a God? Who am I? Why am I here?
D) Who am I? Why am I here? Who are all those others?

Question 5

The part of you that consists of your internal thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards is your

A) androgynous self.
B) material self.
C) spiritual self.
D) social self.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways of being self-aware?

A) reactive self-awareness
B) objective self-awareness
C) subjective self-awareness
D) symbolic self-awareness

Question 7

A learned predisposition to respond to a person,object,or idea in a favourable or unfavourable way is a(n)

A) attitude.
B) belief.
C) value.
D) motive.

Question 8

Your attitudes are

A) ways you structure your understanding of reality to be true or false.
B) favourable or unfavourable predispositions to things.
C) concepts of what is good and bad, right and wrong.
D) your subjective description of who you are.

Question 9

Self-concept is defined as

A) the sum total of who a person is.
B) a person's subjective description of who the person thinks he or she is.
C) a person's central inner force.
D) the labels another person would use to define us.

Question 10

When you interact with your best friend,you behave differently than you do when you interact with your boss,or your professor.This exemplifies

A) your looking-glass self.
B) your spiritual self.
C) your material self.
D) your social self.

Question 11

When we try to lose weight,we are

A) focusing on our social self.
B) responding to the discrepancy between our desired material self and our self-concept.
C) enhancing our looking-glass self.
D) focusing on our spiritual self.

Question 12

The way in which you structure your understanding of reality-what is true and what is false-is called a(n)

A) value.
B) attitude.
C) belief.
D) personal choice.

Question 13

The "central inner force common to all human beings and yet unique in each," is the definition of

A) the self.
B) interpersonal collaboration.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-concept.

Question 14

Our social self is defined as

A) the ability to think about what we are doing while we are doing it.
B) our reflection of ourselves based on tangible items we own.
C) the part of us that interacts with others.
D) our moral and values.

Question 15

Your enduring concepts of right and wrong,good and bad are your

A) beliefs.
B) attitudes.
C) self-concept.
D) values.

Question 16

Our hairstyles,clothing choices,and general way we look are all a part of our

A) material self.
B) looking-glass self.
C) social self.
D) spiritual self.

Question 17

Attitudes,beliefs,and values are

A) learned constructs that shape your behaviour and self-image.
B) learned predispositions to respond favourably or unfavourably.
C) ways we structure reality.
D) enduring concepts of right and wrong.

Question 18

Your ________ help(s)you decide whether it is right or wrong to commit academic dishonesty.

A) values
B) beliefs
C) self-concept
D) attitude

Question 19

Which are the most resistant to change?

A) beliefs
B) attitudes
C) values
D) concepts

Question 20

Our ability to think about ourselves and use language to represent ourselves to others is our

A) subjective self-awareness.
B) symbolic self-awareness.
C) objective self-awareness.
D) reactive self-awareness.

Question 21

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self-concept is developed through our own labels?

A) Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B) I am a student, a wife, and a mother.
C) I'm a member of the Bloc Québécois.
D) I'm hard-working and loyal.

Question 22

A set of enduring internal predispositions and behavioural characteristics that describe how people react to their environment is called

A) psychology.
B) personality.
C) social self.
D) looking-glass self.

Question 23

We are more likely to incorporate the comments of others into our self-concept if

A) the statement is made casually.
B) the comment is very different from others we have heard.
C) we do not trust the person making the statement.
D) we are told the same thing on many different occasions.

Question 24

The human ability to think about what we are doing while we are doing it is referred to as

A) generalized-other perspective.
B) self-reflexiveness.
C) self-labelling.
D) specific-other perspective.

Question 25

A gender role that includes both masculine and feminine qualities is called

A) androgynous.
B) decentred.
C) self-reflexive.
D) objective.

Question 26

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self-concept is developed through our interactions with others?

A) Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B) I am a student, a wife, and a mother.
C) I'm a member of the Bloc Québécois.
D) I'm hard-working and loyal.

Question 27

Under what conditions are we unlikely to incorporate the comments of others into our self-concepts?

A) When an individual repeats something we have already heard several times.
B) When the other individual has earned our confidence.
C) When comments are consistent with our own experiences and other comments.
D) When someone we have met casually tells us we are good at something.

Question 28

The concept of the looking-glass self is defined as

A) our view of ourselves reflected through our moral standards.
B) our view of ourselves reflected through our material possessions.
C) our view of ourselves based on our interactions with others.
D) our view of ourselves based on our gender roles.

Question 29

Our interactions with others,associations with groups,roles we assume,and our own labels all contribute to

A) our communication skills.
B) how our self-concept develops.
C) our social self.
D) our spiritual self.

Question 30

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self-concept is developed through the roles we assume?

A) Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B) I am a student, a wife, and a mother.
C) I'm a member of the Bloc Québécois.
D) I'm hard-working and loyal.

Question 31

Your new friend pronounces your spaghetti sauce to be "out of this world." Of the following,under which circumstances are you most likely to believe your friend?

A) He is repeating a sentiment you have heard many times.
B) He is an individual who doesn't usually eat spaghetti sauce.
C) Most other people who taste your spaghetti sauce say it needs more salt.
D) Your friend is on a diet.

Question 32

The communibiological approach to communication suggests that

A) our environment determines how we communicate.
B) our genes determine how we communicate.
C) the way we communicate changes over our lifetimes.
D) the way we communicate is fixed and does not change.

Question 33

Which statement is NOT true about the looking-glass self?

A) Our relationships do not influence our behaviour and our sense of who we are.
B) Our self-concept changes primarily because of how people respond to us.
C) During the early years of our lives, our parents are the key individuals who shape who we are.
D) Our friends become highly influential as we become less dependent on our parents.

Question 34

You are on a swim team and your swim coach encourages you to begin training for the Olympics.Which response best explains why this opinion means a great deal to you?

A) No one else has ever felt you were a particularly skilled swimmer.
B) You believe your coach is competent to judge you in this area.
C) Your parents and all your relatives have told you what a strong swimmer you are too.
D) You know you must be good at something.

Question 35

Your spiritual self is defined as

A) tangible items you own.
B) the essence of who you think you are.
C) the way you act with others.
D) the most important part of your self-concept.

Question 36

When you hear yourself being sharp with another person and you consider the impact of your response to this person,you are practicing

A) specific-other perspective.
B) self-labelling.
C) self-reflexiveness.
D) generalized-other perspective.

Question 37

Which statement about shyness is NOT true?

A) Shyness is the behavioural tendency to talk with others.
B) Shyness is a discomfort or inhibition in interpersonal situations.
C) About 40% of adults report being shy.
D) Some people just do not like talking in front of other people.

Question 38

Another name for the notion of the looking-glass self is

A) labelling.
B) reflected appraisal.
C) communibiological approach.
D) self-reflexiveness.

Question 39

You view yourself as an effective public speaker because you have always received good grades on speeches in school,you have consistently won top honours at speech contests,and you enjoy speaking.During your most recent speech you found yourself feeling extremely nervous,the audience didn't seem to be paying attention to you,and the jokes you told fell flat.Which is the best reason to explain why you are unlikely to incorporate this experience into your self-concept?

A) This experience was inconsistent with your past experiences when speaking.
B) You have no knowledge of the audience's expertise in the area of judging speeches.
C) Generally individuals have told you that you are an effective speaker.
D) You have an inflated sense of your own abilities.

Question 40

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self-concept is developed through our associations with groups?

A) Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B) I am a student, a wife, and a mother.
C) I'm a member of the Bloc Québécois.
D) I'm hard-working and loyal.

Question 41

A self-fulfilling prophecy is defined as

A) what we believe about ourselves often comes true because we expect it to come true.
B) placing ourselves in situations that are consistent with our own self-concept and esteem.
C) relying on information that a person observes to make predictions about behaviour.
D) relying on information about many people to make a prediction about behaviour.

Question 42

All of the following statements about self-talk are true,EXCEPT

A) telling yourself that something will happen will make it happen.
B) self-talk is also called intrapersonal communication.
C) positive self-talk can improve your self-esteem.
D) negative self-talk can damage your self-esteem.

Question 43

By focusing on your own talents and uniqueness,you are following which of the strategies for improving your self-esteem?

A) reframing
B) developing honest relationships
C) avoiding comparisons
D) visualizing

Question 44

The self-talk method of improving self-esteem is exemplified by

A) telling yourself you can give a performance in the school play that will bring applause.
B) seeing yourself giving a performance in the school play and hearing the audience applause.
C) overlooking the fact that you forgot your lines once in the school play and concentrating on all that you did remember.
D) asking your drama coach for extra help.

Question 45

Having someone who can help you objectively and honestly reflect on your virtues is a benefit of

A) reframing.
B) self-talk.
C) avoiding comparisons.
D) developing honest relationships.

Question 46

When we redefine events and experiences from different points of view,we are using which of the strategies for improving self-esteem?

A) avoiding comparisons
B) reframing
C) developing honest relationships
D) seeking support

Question 47

All of the following statements are accurate descriptions of communication apprehension EXCEPT

A) it may occur in public speaking situations.
B) it is the fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person.
C) it is influenced by whether you were encouraged to talk with others when you were a child.
D) it is different from "stage fright."

Question 48

Self-esteem is often defined as

A) your self-worth.
B) a description of yourself.
C) your material possessions.
D) your spirituality.

Question 49

Your perception is that you are lousy at math,so you don't really study,and then your test results confirm your perception.You may be engaging in

A) selective exposure.
B) self-reflexive communication.
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) social comparison.

Question 50

You failed a test last week.You have since reviewed the material and sought extra help; however,you cannot stop feeling annoyed with yourself for having failed the test.You are NOT following which of the suggestions for improving your self-esteem?

A) reframing
B) letting go of the past
C) visualizing
D) developing honest relationships

Question 51

The concept of ________ helps people measure how well they are doing based on how well others are doing.

A) self-esteem
B) self-worth
C) social comparison
D) life position

Question 52

You ask a friend whose opinion you trust whether you talked too much and laughed too loudly when you had dinner with his parents.You are using which strategy for improving self-esteem?

A) developing honest relationships
B) seeking support
C) reframing
D) avoiding comparison

Question 53

Which of the following statements about symbolic interaction theory is NOT true?

A) We make sense of the world based on our interactions with others.
B) We interpret what a word means based in part on how other people react to our use of it.
C) Symbolic interaction theory has been rejected by many communication theorists.
D) Other people shape our understanding of ourselves and the world.

Question 54

Which is an accurate statement regarding your self-concept and self-esteem?

A) They affect your ability to be sensitive to others and your self-fulfilling prophecies, but they do not affect your interpretation of messages or your communication style.
B) They do not affect your ability to be sensitive to others, but they affect your self-fulfilling prophecies, your interpretation of messages, and your communication style.
C) They affect your ability to be sensitive to others, your interpretation of messages, and your communication style, but they do not affect your self-fulfilling prophecies.
D) They affect your ability to be sensitive to others, your self-fulfilling prophecies, your interpretation of messages, and your communication style.

Question 55

Which statement is NOT an accurate description of the concept of personality?

A) Your personality influences how you behave.
B) Your personality is influenced by genetics-traits you inherit from your ancestors.
C) Your personality is developed entirely by the time you are five.
D) Personality is a term that describes the way you react in situations.

Question 56

According to research,individuals with low self-esteem are more likely to have all of the following traits EXCEPT

A) being more critical of others.
B) expecting to be rejected by others.
C) being overly responsive to praise and compliments.
D) evaluating their overall behaviour as superior to that of others.

Question 57

You see yourself crossing the finish line of the 10K race you will be running on the weekend.Which technique for improving your self-esteem are you using?

A) visualization
B) reframing
C) self-talk
D) seeking support

Question 58

David has a good job and a loving family.However,he is plagued by feelings of low self-esteem.His brother Jake makes more money than he does,lives in a bigger house,and drives a more expensive car.Which strategy for improving his self-esteem would you suggest to David?

A) reframing
B) letting go of the past
C) developing honest relationships
D) avoiding comparisons

Question 59

Jennifer feels good about herself because she received the highest grade in the class on her most recent math test.This is an example of

A) self-concept.
B) self-worth.
C) social comparison.
D) visualization.

Question 60

If you have self-image problems that are so ingrained that you are unable to deal with them through other methods,the text suggests

A) developing honest relationships.
B) letting go of the past.
C) seeking support.
D) avoiding comparisons.

Question 61

Purposefully providing information to others that they would otherwise not learn is called

A) responsiveness.
B) self-disclosure.
C) expressiveness.
D) communication style.

Question 62

According to Will Schutz,the interpersonal need to give and receive love,personal support,warmth,and intimacy is

A) the need for inclusion.
B) the need for control.
C) the need for affection.
D) the need for domination.

Question 63

According to Will Schutz,our concept of who we are,coupled with our need to interact with others,profoundly influences how we communicate.Schutz identifies three primary social needs that affect the degree of communication we have with others.They are

A) need for inclusion, need for control, and need for safety.
B) need for control, need for privacy, and need for comfort.
C) need for inclusion, need for control, and need for affection.
D) need for affection, need for solitude, and need for exclusion.

Question 64

A person's conscious understanding of who he or she is is called

A) expressiveness.
B) responsiveness.
C) self-disclosure.
D) self-awareness.

Question 65

The tendency to be sensitive to the needs of others,including being sympathetic to the pain of others and placing the feelings of others above our own is referred to as

A) responsiveness.
B) assertiveness.
C) expressiveness.
D) reflexiveness.

Question 66

In the Johari Window model,the quadrant that is known to the self and known to others is called the ________ quadrant.

A) open
B) closed
C) hidden
D) unknown

Question 67

The "Sociocommunicative Orientation" test by McCroskey and Richmond is a tool to assess

A) your need for control and your need for inclusion.
B) your dominant strategies for improving your self-esteem.
C) your style of communication on the assertiveness and responsiveness dimensions.
D) your willingness to communicate.

Question 68

The model of self-disclosure that reflects both depth and breadth of shared information is

A) the social penetration model.
B) the Johari Window model.
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) your communication style.

Question 69

The social learning approach explains your communication style with others

A) based on traits and personality characteristics.
B) based on learning indirectly or directly from other people.
C) and does not influence how we interact with others.
D) as a style characterized by masculine and feminine behaviours.

Question 70

You think you are a great joke-teller,but all your friends and coworkers know that you cannot tell a joke to save your life.Which quadrant of the Johari Window model would explain this?

A) open
B) hidden
C) blind
D) unknown

Question 71

In the Johari Window model,the quadrant that is known to others but not the self is called the ________ quadrant.

A) hidden
B) blind
C) unknown
D) open

Question 72

The tendency to make requests,ask for information,and generally pursue your own rights and best interests is referred to as

A) expressiveness.
B) responsiveness.
C) amiability.
D) assertiveness.

Question 73

Which statement does NOT fit with research on traits of individuals with a sense of self-worth that is high?

A) They think more highly of others.
B) They regularly feel that others are superior to them.
C) They are more comfortable having others observe them when they perform.
D) They are more likely to admit they have both strengths and weaknesses.

Question 74

Individuals who are both sensitive to criticism and who tend to be more critical of others are likely to have

A) high self-esteem.
B) high self-concept.
C) low self-esteem.
D) low self-concept.

Question 75

A popular classmate is having a birthday party.You discover that most of the members of your class have received invitations but you have not.You are surprised about this and are feeling hurt at not receiving an invitation.This example illustrates

A) the need for inclusion.
B) the need for control.
C) the need for affection.
D) the need for domination.

Question 76

Self-disclosure can deepen an interpersonal relationship because

A) it makes you more sensitive to the criticism of others.
B) what you believe about yourself will come true because you expect it to.
C) it influences your expressive or assertive behaviour toward another.
D) it provides a basis for another person to understand you better and conveys acceptance and trust.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about self-disclosure?

A) Self-disclosure usually moves in small increments.
B) Self-disclosure moves from less personal to more personal information.
C) Self-disclosure is reciprocal.
D) Self-disclosure online is the same as face-to-face disclosure.

Question 78

Our communication style is defined as

A) a style characterized by high achievement and controlled emotions.
B) a style characterized by high assertiveness and low expressiveness.
C) the habitual ways in which we behave toward others.
D) a style characterized by sensitivity toward others and a minimum of assertiveness.

Question 79

We all need to be included in the activities of others and to include others in social activities.Will Schutz calls this

A) the need for control.
B) the need for inclusion.
C) the need for affection.
D) the need for safety.

Question 80

In the model of social penetration,the concentric circles represent

A) expressiveness.
B) breadth.
C) depth.
D) responsiveness.