Deck 2: Graphs,charts and Tablesdescribing Your Data

Question 1

When choosing class boundaries for a frequency distribution,classes such as 60-70,70-80,80-90 would be acceptable.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

There is no difference between cumulative frequency and relative frequency.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Once you have determined the class width using the formula,high-low divided by the number of classes,it is appropriate to round to the nearest integer to make the analysis easier.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

There is no hard-and-fast rule regarding the number of classes that must be used when establishing a frequency distribution for a continuous variable.

Question 5

When developing a frequency distribution,the following classes would be considered acceptable.

Question 6

Frequency distributions are specifically for analyzing discrete data.

Question 7

The appropriate number of classes should generally be between 5 and 20.

Question 8

A histogram can be created for discrete or continuous data.

Question 9

In a report describing the number of people in the family of each of the 400 employees at a manufacturing company,the frequency count at the value 3 was 220.This means that the relative frequency at the 3 level is .44.

Question 10

A study of 4000 Dell PC customers listed the age of the customer among other variables.The youngest customer was 14 years old and the oldest customer was 84 years old.If analysts for the company wish to develop a frequency distribution with 7 classes,the smallest value that the class width can be is 10 years.

Question 11

The upper and lower limits of each class in a frequency distribution are also referred to as the data array.

Question 12

Recently a survey was conducted in which customers of a large insurance company were asked to indicate the number of speeding tickets they had received in the past three years.The data in this case would most likely be analyzed using a frequency distribution with the data grouped into classes such as 0-2,3-5,6-8,etc.

Question 13

It is often a good idea to convert frequency distributions to relative frequency distributions when you wish to compare two distributions with different amounts of data.

Question 14

Recently a survey was conducted in which customers of a large insurance company were asked to indicate the number of speeding tickets they had received in the past three years.The minimum value in the data was zero and the largest was six tickets.If you wished to illustrate the proportion of people who had three or fewer tickets,you would most likely construct a cumulative relative frequency distribution.

Question 15

A cumulative frequency distribution shows the percentage of observations for the variable of interest with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.

Question 16

One way to develop a frequency distribution using Excel is to use the Frequency function.

Question 17

For the same data,a graph of a relative frequency distribution will look exactly the same as a graph of the frequency distribution.

Question 18

In a recent study at First National Bank,a frequency count was made for the variable marital status for the bank's 10,000 customers.It would also be appropriate to develop a histogram for this variable to show how marital status is distributed.

Question 19

In constructing a frequency distribution for the savings account balances for customers at a bank,the following class boundaries might be acceptable if the minimum balance is $5.00 and the maximum balance is $18,700:

Question 20

The following class limits would be acceptable for developing a frequency distribution on income:

Question 21

In Excel,joint frequency distributions can be generated using the Pivot Table feature under the Data tab.

Question 22

If you wish to construct a graph of a relative frequency distribution,you would most likely construct an ogive.

Question 23

When using the Histogram tool in Excel to construct a frequency distribution and histogram,if the first bin value is 10 and the second bin value is 20,the frequency count for the second class will include all values from 10 up to,but not including,20.

Question 24

In Excel a joint frequency distribution table can be created using a tool called PivotTable.

Question 25

Consider a situation in which both a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution have been developed for the same quantitative variable.If histograms are constructed from each distribution,the graphs will appear to have the same shape.

Question 26

Another name for a joint frequency distribution is a cross-tabulation table.

Question 27

In a recent study of retail daily sales by stores at a mall in Kansas,the minimum daily sales was $700 and the maximum was $51,000.If you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes,the minimum class width would be $5,100.

Question 28

If a manager is interested in analyzing the relationship between the age of customers and the dollar volume of business that is done in the store,a relative frequency distribution would be most appropriate.

Question 29

An ogive is a graph that shows cumulative relative frequency.

Question 30

A histogram can be constructed for data that are either quantitative or qualitative.

Question 31

When using the Histogram tool in Excel to construct a frequency distribution and histogram,the bins represent the upper class limits.

Question 32

After developing a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable,a histogram can be developed with the horizontal axis representing the values of the variable and the vertical axis representing the frequency of occurrence in each class or group.

Question 33

If you have constructed a joint frequency distribution manually and now wish to convert it to a joint relative distribution,the proper method is to divide each cell frequency by the cell's row total.

Question 34

When the Histogram tool in Excel is used to construct a frequency distribution and histogram,the default histogram is in the proper format and will require only that you add appropriate labels.

Question 35

A joint frequency distribution can be constructed for either quantitative or qualitative data.

Question 36

A histogram can be used to display a joint frequency distribution between two quantitative variables.

Question 37

A recent study of students at the university contained data on year in school and student age.An appropriate tool for analyzing the relationship between these two variables would be a joint frequency distribution.

Question 38

A joint frequency distribution is used to describe the number of occurrences where two observations in a data set have the same value.

Question 39

Two separate frequency distributions for two variables provide the same information as one joint frequency distribution involving the same two variables.

Question 40

When a histogram is constructed for discrete numerical data,there should be spaces between the bars of the histogram.

Question 41

A pie chart is almost always constructed when the variable of interest is qualitative.

Question 42

The Wilson company monitors customer complaints and organizes these complaints into six distinct categories.Over the past year,the company has received 534 complaints.One possible graphical method for representing these data would be a histogram.

Question 43

A bar chart is the same as a histogram.

Question 44

A stem and leaf diagram is most similar to a bar chart.

Question 45

A tire store manager has collected data showing the number of tires of each brand sold during the past month.A bar chart might be effective in graphically illustrating which brands tend to sell best at this store.

Question 46

In a study involving car owners,one question asked the owner for the number of miles driven last year.A second question asked the owner for the age of the vehicle.A joint frequency distribution would be useful for determining whether newer cars tend to be driven more miles than older cars.

Question 47

An ogive is a graph of a joint frequency distribution.

Question 48

Histograms cannot have gaps between the bars,whereas bar charts can have gaps.

Question 49

Bar charts can show either frequency or percentage.

Question 50

Bar charts can typically be formed with the bars vertical or horizontal without adversely affecting the interpretation.

Question 51

The regional sales manager for a medical supply company recently collected data on the reasons why customers returned the merchandise for a refund.She actually formed a frequency distribution for this variable.It would now be acceptable to construct a bar chart to graphically display the results.

Question 52

One of the differences between a stem and leaf diagram and a histogram is that even for variables involving a large number of different values,the stem and leaf diagram shows the individual data values whereas the histogram requires you to group the data and lose the individual values.

Question 53

In constructing a histogram for a joint frequency distribution,the histogram will have the most meaning for the decision maker if there are no gaps between the bars on the histogram.

Question 54

When developing a bar chart,it is usually preferable to organize the bars in order from high to low.

Question 55

A study was recently conducted in which makers of toothpaste tracked sales for the month at different stores in a market area.The variable of interest was the number of units sold.The numbers ranged from 1,200 to 22,700.In this case,the stems in a stem and leaf diagram might be values such as 1 and 22 while the leaves would be 200 and 700.

Question 56

In situations involving two or more variables,both histograms and bar charts can be used for multiple variables on the same graph.

Question 57

The difference between bar charts and histograms is that bar charts always show percentage while histograms always show frequency.

Question 58

In constructing a stem and leaf diagram,there is a hard-and-fast rule for defining the stem and the leaves.

Question 59

A histogram is an effective tool for graphically describing a joint frequency distribution.

Question 60

In a study involving car owners,one question asked the owner for the number of miles driven last year.A second question asked the owner for the age of the vehicle.A histogram would be useful for analyzing the relationship between miles driven and the age of the vehicle.

Question 61

A scatter diagram can show that the relationship between two variables is actually nonlinear.

Question 62

The J.B.Hanson Company is interested in analyzing the relationship between end-of-the-week inventory levels and sales for the same week.The graph that most likely would be used to show this relationship is a histogram.

Question 63

To show the relationship between amount of rainfall and the number of car accidents,the best type of graph to use is a scatter diagram.

Question 64

A scatter diagram can show whether a pair of variables has a strong or weak relation,and also whether it is linear or curved.

Question 65

Sawyer & Company is a law firm in Dallas,Texas.Recently,the administrative manager prepared a report for the managing partners that showed the number of court cases handled by the firm monthly over the past three years.It was appropriate for her to use a line chart in this case.

Question 66

On a scatter diagram,the independent variable should be placed on the horizontal axis and the dependent variable should be placed on the vertical axis.

Question 67

Scatter diagrams can be used for either quantitative or qualitative data.

Question 68

If two variables are graphed on the same line chart,two separate scales are always required.

Question 69

If the Viking Sales Company plans to display the sales for each of its six major products for the year 2001,an effective chart to do this would be a histogram.

Question 70

When developing a scatter diagram,it is appropriate to connect the points on the graph with straight lines or the lines can be omitted.

Question 71

In a scatter plot the points should always be connected with a line.

Question 72

A study at State University involved an analysis of students' GPAs and the number of hours that they work at jobs off-campus.An appropriate graph to display the relationship between these two variables might be a scatter diagram.

Question 73

A major insurance company believes that for drivers between 16 years of age and 60 years of age,the number of accidents per year tends to decrease as age increases.If this is the case,a scatter diagram should show a negative relationship between the two variables.

Question 74

Roscoe and Associates makes computer software for use in the telecommunications industry.Recently,managers at the company collected data for the year 2001 on three variables: total dollars spent on research and development,total sales dollars,and total employee salaries.To graphically present these three variables,the managers would be justified in using a line chart with all three variables plotted.

Question 75

A scatter diagram is a line graph without the points connected by a line.

Question 76

Sawyer & Company is a law firm in Dallas,Texas.Recently,the administrative manager prepared a report for the managing partners that showed the number of court cases handled by the firm monthly over the past three years.One of the objectives of graphing these data might have been to identify a trend in the number of court cases.

Question 77

A university recently collected data for a sample of 200 business majors.One variable collected was the number of credits left to be taken before graduation.This variable could effectively be displayed using a line chart.

Question 78

In preparing a line chart,the horizontal axis shows time and the vertical axis shows the value of the variable of interest.

Question 79

If a scatter diagram shows points that are reasonably aligned and are sloping downward from left to right,this implies that there is a negative linear relationship between the two variables.

Question 80

A stem and leaf diagram is more appropriate for graphically displaying a joint frequency distribution than is a histogram since the stems can be used to display one variable while the leaves can be used to display the second variable.