Question 1

What must be done if a patient on vancomycin exhibits a flushing redness of the neck and upper body?&#10;A) Slow the IV drip rate.&#10;B) Increase the IV drip rate.&#10;C) Immediately discontinue, and administer antidote for overdose.&#10;D) Immediately discontinue, and change to another antibiotic.

Accepted Answer

A condition known as "red man syndrome" may occur when IV administration is too rapid. There is a flushing redness of the neck and upper body due to histamine release.

Question 2

Susceptibility of bacterial resistance to penicillin can be attributed to:&#10;A) The broad-spectrum nature of penicillin&#10;B) The ineffective response toward gram-positive bacteria&#10;C) Chemoprophylaxis&#10;D) The beta-lactam ring structure of the antibiotic

Accepted Answer

Certain bacteria have the ability to produce enzymes that inactivate penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. These enzymes are referred to generally as beta-lactamases.

Question 3

Which scenario best represents an ideal candidate for chemoprophylaxis?&#10;A) A traveler who has had heart valve surgery and is vacationing in South America&#10;B) A patient scheduled to have hip replacement surgery&#10;C) An individual not responding to current antibiotic treatment&#10;D) A patient with uncontrollable diarrhea

Accepted Answer

Chemoprophylaxis refers to the use of antibiotics before bacterial infection has developed in order to prevent infection. Individuals who have had rheumatic fever, heart valve replacement, knee and hip replacement, and other conditions are particularly susceptible to infections that can cause endocarditis and heart valve damage.

Question 4

Why is methicillin no longer used in treating resistant staphylococcal infections?&#10;A) It is no longer resistant to penicillinase.&#10;B) Penicillin binding proteins have changed so much that methicillin is now ineffective.&#10;C) Autolytic enzymes produced by bacteria have become resistant.&#10;D) Methicillin is toxic.

Accepted Answer

Because of its toxicity, methicillin is no longer available.

Question 5

What are the two dyes used in gram staining?&#10;A) Crystal violet and safranin&#10;B) Crystal violet and methylene blue&#10;C) Methylene blue and safranin&#10;D) Iodine & methylene blue

Accepted Answer

One of the most important bacteriological stains is the gram stain, which contains two dyes: crystal violet (blue) and safranin (red).

Question 6

Which one of the following reactions requires emergency medical attention?&#10;A) Disulfiram reaction&#10;B) Stevens-Johnson syndrome&#10;C) Fanconi syndrome&#10;D) Pruritis and photosensitivity

Accepted Answer

A very serious type of skin condition, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, produces a skin reaction that can be fatal. Patients who develop any rash after ingestion of the sulfonamides must receive medical evaluation.

Question 7

Photosensitivity is a reaction that can occur from using which antibiotics?&#10;A) Macrolides and fluoroquinolones&#10;B) Chloramphenicol and metronidazole&#10;C) Tetracyclines and sulfonamides&#10;D) Isoniazid and pyrazinamide

Accepted Answer

The tetracyclines also produce photosensitivity in some individuals. The sulfonamides also may produce allergic reactions, which usually are limited to the skin and mucous membranes. The most common reactions include rashes, pruritis, and photosensitivity.

Question 8

Aminoglycosides can produce a synergistic bactericidal action when combined with:&#10;A) Cephalosporins&#10;B) Tetracyclines&#10;C) Sulfonamides&#10;D) Macrolides

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycosides do have some gram-positive activity and are often administered in combination with one of the penicillins or cephalosporins in the treatment of serious gram-positive and gram-negative infections. The combination produces a synergistic bactericidal action.

Question 9

Meningitis can be effectively treated with:&#10;A) First-generation cephalosporins&#10;B) Second-generation cephalosporins&#10;C) Third-generation cephalosporins&#10;D) Fourth-generation cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

These drugs are more lipid soluble and cross the blood-brain barrier more readily than most other penicillins and cephalosporins.

Question 10

A decrease in rifampin effectiveness with other medications may be due to:&#10;A) Increased acetylation&#10;B) Increased beta-lactamase activity&#10;C) Enterohepatic cycling&#10;D) Bacterial resistance

Accepted Answer

Rifampin is taken orally, undergoes enterohepatic cycling, and induces drug-metabolizing enzymes. This leads to a decrease in the duration of action of both itself and other drugs and may require an increase in drug dosage.

Question 11

Which antibiotics can be used for bowel sterilization prior to surgery?&#10;A) Penicillins and macrolides&#10;B) Aminoglycosides and sulfonamides&#10;C) Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones&#10;D) Tetracyclines and aztreonam

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which antibiotics can be used for bowel...

Question 12

What type of antibiotic action inhibits the reproduction of bacteria?&#10;A) Bactericidal&#10;B) Bacteriostatic&#10;C) Culture and sensitivity testing&#10;D) Chemoprophylaxis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of antibiotic action inhibits the...

Question 13

What are two methods used to determine antibiotic susceptibility?&#10;A) Disk test and agar plating&#10;B) Disk test and serial dilution&#10;C) Serial dilution and agar plating&#10;D) Disk test and autoclaving

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are two methods used to determine...

Question 14

Alcohol consumption should be avoided with which antibiotics?&#10;A) Penicillins and macrolides&#10;B) Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines&#10;C) Cephalosporins and metronidazole&#10;D) Sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol consumption should be avoided with which...

Question 15

A substance that is ingested and increases acetylation activity of the liver would have what type of effect on isoniazid activity?&#10;A) Antagonism&#10;B) No activity&#10;C) Enhanced activity&#10;D) Decreased activity

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance that is ingested and increases...

Question 16

An antibiotic will have no effect on an infection if:&#10;A) The antibiotic is broad-spectrum.&#10;B) The bacteria is not resistant to the antibiotic.&#10;C) The bacteria does not lie within the drug's antibacterial spectrum.&#10;D) Beta-lactamase activity is not present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antibiotic will have no effect on...

Question 17

Which group of penicillins has shown beta-lactamase resistance?&#10;A) First-generation penicillins&#10;B) Second-generation penicillins&#10;C) Third-generation penicillins&#10;D) Fourth-generation penicillins

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group of penicillins has shown beta-lactamase...

Question 18

A person taking a diuretic and rifampin should be aware of:&#10;A) Increased risk of renal bleeding&#10;B) Voiding red-orange urine&#10;C) Potential oliguria&#10;D) Extreme diuresis

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person taking a diuretic and rifampin...

Question 19

A person experiencing a delayed allergic reaction to a penicillin will likely be switched to a(n):&#10;A) Aminoglycoside&#10;B) Tetracycline&#10;C) Cephalosporin&#10;D) Sulfonamide

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person experiencing a delayed allergic reaction...

Question 20

Nephrotoxicity is a concern in which families of antibiotics?&#10;A) Tetracyclines and second-generation cephalosporins&#10;B) Sulfonamides and third-generation cephalosporins&#10;C) Macrolides and fourth-generation cephalosporins&#10;D) Aminoglycosides and first-generation cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nephrotoxicity is a concern in which families...

Deck 41: Antibacterial Agents