Deck 40: Posterior Pituitary Hormones: Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin

Question 1

Identify the primary function of oxytocin.

A) Oxytocin is essential for water conservation during pregnancy.
B) Oxytocin is primarily involved with milk production before birth and milk ejection after birth.
C) Oxytocin is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth and milk ejection after birth.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 1

Oxytocin is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth and milk ejection after birth.

Question 2

Select the reason why vasopressin is contraindicated in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

A) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure.
B) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
C) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 2

In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.

Question 3

Select the correct statement summarizing the oxytocin-driven breast-feeding process.

A) Oxytocin is released and travels directly to the mammary glands, where it forces the ejection of the stored milk.
B) Release of oxytocin stimulates the sensory nerve endings in the breast nipple, which in turn causes the breast milk stored in the ducts to be ejected.
C) Stimulation of the sensory nerve endings in the breast nipple when the baby suckles travel through the mother's spinal cord and brain to the posterior pituitary, where oxytocin is released and travels in the blood to the mammary glands, where milk is ejected.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

Stimulation of the sensory nerve endings in the breast nipple when the baby suckles travel through the mother's spinal cord and brain to the posterior pituitary, where oxytocin is released and travels in the blood to the mammary glands, where milk is ejected.

Question 4

Use the Physicians' Desk Reference to determine the proper dosage of misoprostone (Mefiprex) given to induce abortion.

A) The dose given of misoprostone (Mefiprex) to induce abortion is 600 mg or 3 tablets (200 mg each) given orally as a single dose.
B) The dose given of misoprostone (Mefiprex) to induce abortion is 300 mg or 3 tablets (100 mg each) given orally as a single dose.
C) The dose given of misoprostone (Mefiprex) to induce abortion is 600 mg given as an IM injection.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

Summarize the uses of desmopressin or DDAVP.

A) Desmopressin is used to prevent or relieve abdominal distention associated with surgical procedures.
B) Desmopressin is used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus.
C) Desmopressin is proven effective in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis when administered prior to bedtime
D) All of these are correct.

Question 6

Describe the physical triggers associated with water conservation.

A) Thirst and reduction in blood volume
B) Thirst and sweating
C) Sweating and reduction in blood volume
D) Excessive vomiting, sweating, and thirst

Question 7

Use the terms exogenous and endogenous to describe the sources of ADH.

A) Endogenous ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and stored until it is needed, while the exogenous form is synthetically produced and sold by the name vasopressin.
B) Exogenous ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and stored until it is needed, while the endogenous form is synthetically produced and sold by the name vasopressin.
C) Endogenous vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus and stored until it is needed, while the exogenous form is a synthetically produced ADH.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

Differentiate between ergonovine (Ergotrate) and methylergonovine (Methergine),and select the statement that includes the correct adverse effects.

A) The common adverse effect of ergonovine (Ergotrate) or methylergonovine (Methergine) is vasodilation, which can produce varying degrees of hypotension.
B) The common adverse effects of ergonovine (Ergotrate) or methylergonovine (Methergine) include nausea, vomiting, and constriction of blood vessels, which can produce varying degrees of hypertension.
C) The common adverse effects of ergonovine (Ergotrate) or methylergonovine (Methergine) include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 9

Identify the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

A) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling the amount of the sodium ions in the body.
B) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling water loss in the urine.
C) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling the sodium potassium exchange in the body.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 10

Use the adverse-effect profile of the oxytocics to explain the reason why these agents are contraindicated in patients with asthma.

A) The oxytocics cause vomiting and diarrhea.
B) The oxytocics cause headache and dizziness.
C) The oxytocics cause constriction of bronchial smooth muscle.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

Explain the primary function of the tocolytic drug agents.

A) Tocolytic drugs inhibit uterine contractions, thereby preventing premature births.
B) Tocolytic drugs prevent or relieve abdominal distention associated with surgical procedures.
C) Tocolytic drugs are used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus.
D) Tocolytic drug agents are proven effective in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis when administered prior to bedtime.

Question 12

Explain the role that osmoreceptors have in the release of ADH.

A) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the water concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
B) Osmoreceptors in the kidneys detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
C) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
D) None of these are correct. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.

Question 13

Using the Physicians' Desk Reference to research the proper dosage of desmopressin (DDAVP) for the treatment of enuresis,you determine:

A) The dose of desmopressin (DDAVP) used to treat enuresis is 10-20 mcg orally at bedtime.
B) The dose of desmopressin is 1 vaginal suppository (20 mg) up to 2 days.
C) The dose of desmopressin (DDAVP) used to treat enuresis is 10-20 mcg intranasally at bedtime.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 14

Differentiate between central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,and select the true statemenet.

A) Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a decreased secretion of ADH, whereas
B) nephrogenic DI is caused by a resistance to ADH in the kidney.
C) Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a resistance to ADH in the kidney, whereas
D) nephrogenic DI is caused by a decreased secretion of ADH.
E) Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a resistance to glucose in the blood, whereas
F) nephrogenic DI is caused by a decreased secretion of insulin.
G) None of these are correct.

Question 15

Select the true statement about the dose-related adverse effects on the fetus of a woman who uses terbutaline (Brethine) for premature contractions.

A) The adverse effects of terbutaline are consistent with beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated activity.
B) Fetal tachycardia, increased maternal blood pressure, and increased blood glucose and fatty acids can occur with terbutaline.
C) Nausea, vomiting, headache, anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia are among the adverse effects reported to occur with terbutaline use.
D) All of these are correct

Question 16

Using the typical water intake and output criteria,determine the body's normal function that uses the largest percentage of the water taken in daily.

A) 60 percent of the daily water intake is used by the body to produce sweat in order to keep the body temperature constant.
B) 60 percent of the daily water intake is used by the body to produce urine in order to keep water and sodium levels balanced.
C) 60 percent of the daily water intake is eliminated by the body when we exhale.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 17

Use the pharmacological action of the oxytocics and tocolytics to select the drug of choice for the treatment of postpartum bleeding.

A) Dinoprost
B) Methylergonovine
C) Carboprost
D) Protaglandins

Question 18

Differentiate between oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone,and select the true statement.

A) Oxytocin and ADH travel down nerve axons to the anterior lobe, where the hormones are stored until needed.
B) Oxytocin and ADH are polypeptides that differ only in the placement of three amino acids.
C) Oxytocin is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth and milk ejection after birth, while ADH is essential for water conservation throughout life.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Select the statement that best describes the effects associated with excessive oxytocin administration.

A) Increased incidence of nausea, vomiting, and constriction of blood vessels, which can produce varying degrees of hypertension.
B) The pressor effect may be intense and may restrict blood flow to the fingers and toes, which can result in tissue anoxia and the development of gangrene.
C) Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and prevention of muscle atony.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic to explain the situations that affect the release of ADH.

A) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypertonic or has a sodium level of 145 mEq/l. If there is too much retained water, the blood serum sodium level is 135 mEq/l and ADH secretion is inhibited.
B) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypotonic or has a sodium level of 135 mEq/l. If there is too little retained water, the blood serum sodium level is 145 mEq/l and ADH secretion is inhibited.
C) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypertonic or has a sodium level of 135 mEq/l. If there is too much retained water, the blood serum sodium level is 145 mEq/l and ADH secretion is inhibited.
D) None of these are correct.