Deck 26: Antihypertensive Drugs

Question 1

Select the preferred treatment for hypertension for patients with renal disease.

A) Beta-blockers and diuretics
B) ACEIs and ARBs
C) Calcium channel blockers and diuretics
D) ACEIs and diuretics.

Answer 1

ACEIs and ARBs

Question 2

Select the primary indication for the use of minoxidil (Loniten).

A) Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to therapy with calcium antagonists.
B) Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to triple therapy with other drug combinations.
C) Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to therapy with beta-blockers.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 2

Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to triple therapy with other drug combinations.

Question 3

Describe the factors that contribute to hypertension.

A) Elimination of smoking and regular physical exercise can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
B) Practicing relaxation techniques aimed at reducing stress can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
C) Sodium restriction and weight loss can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

All of these are correct.

Question 4

Select the statement that is not consistent with the pharmacologic effect or adverse-effects profile of the vasodilator hydralazine (Apresoline).

A) Long-term use may produce rheumatoid arthritis or a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome.
B) Hydralazine is an arteriolar dilator used in moderate to severe hypertension in combination with both diuretics and beta-blockers (triple therapy).
C) The main adverse effects are nausea, headache, hypertension, and reflex bradycardia.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

Explain the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension.

A) Activation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water release, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
B) Activation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water retention, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
C) Deactivation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water retention, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 6

Explain the mechanism of action of the preferred diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension.

A) The thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and cardiac output.
B) The loop diuretics cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and cardiac output.
C) The aldosterone antagonists cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and cardiac output.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 7

Use mechanism of antihypertensive action to determine the treatment options when the desired effect is blocking of the beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease cardiac output and blood pressure;

A) Clonidine (Catapres), guanabenz (Wytensin), and guanfacine (Tenex)
B) Doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), and terazosin (Hytrin)
C) Atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), and nadolol (Corgard)
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

Select the correct statement related to the mechanism of action of aliskiren (Tekturna).

A) Aliskiren lowers peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
B) Aliskiren reduces cardiac output by blocking the beta-1 receptors in the heart.
C) Aliskiren inhibits the enzymatic activity of renin and decreases the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, thereby reducing the formation of angiotensin II.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 9

Identify the factor pair that determines cardiac output.

A) Heart rate and peripheral resistance
B) Heart rate and stroke volume
C) Peripheral resistance and stroke volume
D) Heart rate and blood pressure

Question 10

Using the adverse-effects profile of the diuretic drug agents,select the true statement related to the thiazide and loop diuretics.

A) The thiazide and loop diuretics interfere with the synthesis of renin.
B) The thiazide and loop diuretics interfere with the metabolism of sodium.
C) The thiazide and loop diuretics interfere with the renal excretion of uric acid.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

Compare the blood pressure throughout the systemic vasculature,and select the true statement.

A) Pressure is highest in the large veins and lowest in the large arteries.
B) The largest pressure decrease occurs across the capillaries, indicating that they are the site of highest vascular resistance.
C) The largest pressure decrease occurs across the arterioles, indicating that they are the site of highest vascular resistance.
D) Pressure is highest in the arterioles and lowest in the venules.

Question 12

Use the recommended dose (3 mcg/kg/min) to determine the appropriate dose of sodium nitroprusside that would be administered by slow intravenous infusion for a patient who weighs 176 pounds.

A) 240 mcg/kg/min
B) 180 mcg/kg/min
C) 280 mcg/kg/min
D) 320 mcg/kg/min

Question 13

Select the preferred treatment for hypertension for patients with cardiac arrhythmias or ischemic heart disease.

A) ARBs and diuretics
B) ACEIs
C) Calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers
D) ACEIs and diuretics

Question 14

Focus on the treatment options for malignant hypertension,and select the true statement related to sodium nitroprusside (Nipride).

A) Sodium nitroprusside is administered by slow intravenous infusion.
B) The duration of action of sodium nitroprusside is short, usually 1 to 5 minutes.
C) The normal dose of sodium nitroprusside is approximately 3 mcg per kg per minute.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 15

Use the recommended dose (3 mcg/kg/min) to determine the appropriate dose of sodium nitroprusside that would be administered by slow intravenous infusion for a patient who weighs 242 pounds.

A) 240 mcg/kg/min
B) 180 mcg/kg/min
C) 280 mcg/kg/min
D) 330 mcg/kg/min

Question 16

Select the mechanism of action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).

A) ACEIs inhibit the formation of angiotensin II and decrease the release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
B) ACEIs lower blood pressure by causing a balanced vasodilation of both arteries and veins.
C) ACEIs inhibit inactivation of bradykinin, which produces vasodilation.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Implementing a patient education session for a patient suffering from essential hypertension requires:

A) Instructing the patient to maintain a schedule when taking the medications ordered for the hypertension.
B) Scheduling routine medical checkups to ensure that the patient's blood pressure is under control.
C) Instructing the patient that he or she may not have symptoms but will require lifelong treatment.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 18

Identify the definition of the physiological factor known as cardiac output that determines blood pressure.

A) Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute.
B) Cardiac output is the friction that the arterioles have against the flow of blood.
C) Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Use mechanism of antihypertensive action to determine the treatment options when the desired effect is reduction in the sympathetic stimulation to the heart,kidneys,and blood vessels.

A) Clonidine (Catapres), guanabenz (Wytensin), and guanfacine (Tenex)
B) Doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), and terazosin (Hytrin)
C) Atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), and nadolol (Corgard)
D) None of these are correct.

Question 20

Differentiate between the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs),and select the drug agent of choice in the treatment of hypertension because it possesses the shortest plasma half-life within this group.

A) Quinapril (Accupril)
B) Captopril (Capoten)
C) Losarten (Cozaar)
D) Valsarten (Diovan)