Deck 2: Pharmacokinetics and Factors of Individual Variation

Question 1

Among the factors that affect drug distribution,the factor that plays the biggest role in how much drug penetrates the brain is:

A) Lipid solubility
B) Plasma protein binding
C) Blood circulation
D) GI absorption rate

Answer 1

Lipid solubility

Question 2

Use onset of action to determine which of the following routes of administration will lead to the quickest therapeutic response.

A) Inhalation
B) Transdermal
C) Intramuscular
D) Sublingual

Answer 2

Inhalation

Question 3

Differentiate between the transport mechanisms to determine how cells allow drugs to pass through the cell membrane.

A) Filtration
B) Passive transport
C) Active transport
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

All of these are correct.

Question 4

The fact that adipose tissue receives a relatively poor blood supply can be interpreted as indicating that adipose tissue:

A) Accumulates large amounts of drug
B) Does not accumulate large amounts of drug
C) Does not metabolize large amounts of drug
D) Metabolizes large amounts of drug

Question 5

Differentiate between the routes of drug administration in order to select the route that is restricted to use in the hospital setting due to immediate onset of action and high percentage of drug bioavailability.

A) IM injection method
B) IV injection method
C) Topical application method
D) Suppository insertion method

Question 6

Select the basic principle in passive transport by which most drug molecules diffuse through the cell membrane.

A) Drug passes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
B) Drug passes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
C) Drug passes from an area of high concentration to an area of high concentration.
D) Drug passes from an area of low concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 7

Compare the processes of drug absorption,drug distribution,drug metabolism,and drug excretion.These are all components of the study known as:

A) Half-life
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Bioavailability
D) Enzyme induction

Question 8

Use a half-life of 8 hours to determine how much drug is left in the body at 4 p.m.after a 500-mg dose was taken at 8 am.

A) 250 mg
B) 125 mg
C) 375 mg
D) None of these are correct.

Question 9

Use onset of action to determine which of the following routes of administration will lead to the slowest therapeutic response.

A) Inhalation
B) Transdermal
C) Intramuscular
D) Sublingual

Question 10

Match the correct alcohol concentration range to the dosage form that is referred to as an alcoholic preparation and that includes the elixirs,spirits,tinctures,and fluid extracts.

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 10 to 15 percent
C) 10 to 25 percent
D) 5 to 20 percent

Question 11

Use a half-life of 4 hours to determine how much drug is left in the body at 2 p.m.after a 200-mg dose was given by the intravenous route of administration at 6 a.m.

A) 25 mg
B) 12.5 mg
C) 50 mg
D) None of these are correct.

Question 12

Implementing a patient education program should include educating patients to take their drug products properly.Patients should be instructed to take enteric-coated products:

A) On an empty stomach
B) One hour before meals
C) Two hours after meals
D) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Identify the term used for the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration.

A) Drug absorption
B) Drug excretion
C) Drug distribution
D) Drug metabolism

Question 14

Match the dosage form commonly known as a "troche" to the medical condition it is used to treat.

A) Asthma
B) Tonsillitis
C) Sore throat
D) Toothache

Question 15

Use the term drug tolerance,drug dependence,or drug addiction to document the reason why a patient's dose of an analgesic agent he uses for chronic pain has been increased two times over the last 12 months.

A) The drug's effect decreases due to repeated administration of the product.
B) Reliance on the administration of the drug leads to a psychological and or physical condition for the patient.
C) Compulsive dependence on a drug dominates all other activities in the patient's life.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 16

Identify the most common drug available as a transdermal patch system.

A) Nitroglycerin
B) Clonidine
C) Estrogen
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Identify the dosage form that contains dried and finely ground drugs or drug extract.

A) Powders
B) Tablets
C) Troches
D) Capsules

Question 18

Using the factors of individual variation,select the statement that best describes the placebo effect.

A) Excitement can lead to perceived symptom improvement.
B) Positive attitude can lead to perceived symptom improvement.
C) Less body fat can lead to perceived symptom improvement.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Match the proper preparation name to a solution that is described as containing water and sugar and added drug.

A) Elixir
B) Tincture
C) Syrup
D) Fluid extract

Question 20

Compare the routes of administration based on the parameters of patient safety and ease of drug use in order to select the correct route of administration for a patient with a busy lifestyle and a hectic schedule.

A) Parenteral administration
B) Oral administration
C) Topical administration
D) Inhalation administration

Question 21

Differentiate between tolerance,antagonism,and synergism in order to select the drug interaction that occurs during antagonism.

A) The combined effect of two drugs, by the same mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
B) The combined effect of two drugs, by a different mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
C) The combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects.
D) The combined effect of two drugs is larger than the sum of their individual effects.

Question 22

When differentiating between free drug molecules and drug molecules that have bound to plasma proteins,the main focus is:

A) Only unbound or free drug molecules can exert a pharmacological effect.
B) Only drug molecules that have bound to plasma can exert a pharmacological effect.
C) Free drug molecules exert the same level of pharmacological effect as drug molecules that are bound to plasma.
D) None of these are correct

Question 23

When differentiating between enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition,enzyme induction can be interpreted as resulting in a(an):

A) Increase in the rate of drug metabolism in the liver, leading to a decreased duration of action
B) Decrease in the rate of drug metabolism in the liver, leading to a decreased duration of action
C) Unchanged rate of drug metabolism in the liver, leading to an increased duration of action
D) None of these are correct.

Question 24

A patient has an order in the chart that reads,"Take two tablets by mouth today; then take one tablet by mouth daily for the next 4 days." Select the term that represents the part of the order that reads,"Take two tablets by mouth today."

A) Maintenance dose
B) Therapeutic dose
C) Loading dose
D) None of these are correct.

Question 25

Select the most likely reason why a patient who has been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease must have routine blood work drawn to check his blood levels of a prescribed drug.

A) Due to the renal disease, the patient is unable to effectively eliminate the drug, causing accumulation of the drug in the plasma.
B) Due to the renal disease, the patient is unable to effectively metabolize the drug, causing low levels of the drug in the plasma.
C) Due to the renal disease, the patient is unable to effectively absorb the drug, causing low levels of the drug in the plasma.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 26

Select the most appropriate reason why a patient with cirrhosis of the liver does not get the therapeutic response expected from the medications that she is taking.

A) The patient's ability to absorb drug is impaired.
B) The patient's ability to distribute drug throughout the body is impaired.
C) The patient's ability to metabolize drug is impaired.
D) The patient's ability to excrete unused drug from the body is impaired.

Question 27

Differentiate between the FDA pregnancy categories to determine the proper category for a drug for which studies on animals have not demonstrated fetal risk and no studies have been performed in pregnant women.

A) Pregnancy Category A
B) Pregnancy Category B
C) Pregnancy Category D
D) None of these are correct.

Question 28

Select the proper method by which you can conclude that there will be 100 percent bioavailability in the circulatory system immediately after administration of the drug product.

A) Subcutaneous injection method
B) Inhalation method
C) Transdermal patch method
D) Intravenous injection method

Question 29

You have been asked to explain to a patient the possibility that he will experience drug interactions while taking his newly prescribed medications.Select the appropriate statement you will use when explaining "synergism" to the patient.

A) Drugs may increase each other's effect equal to the sum of their individual effects.
B) Drugs may increase each other's effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
C) Drugs may cancel each other's effect or lead to a response that is less than the sum of their individual effects.
D) None of these are correct.