Deck 29: Antianemic

Question 1

Plaque refers to a substance that accumulates in the innermost layer of the arteries and consists of _____.

A) cholesterol and calcium
B) potassium and sodium
C) fatty acids and protein
D) fatty acids and water

Answer 1

cholesterol and calcium

Question 2

Which of the following combinations of diseases increases the risk for limb amputation?

A) Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension
B) Hypercholesterolemia and hemophilia
C) Hypercholesterolemia and anemia
D) Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes

Answer 2

Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes

Question 3

Which of the following is the best sample for testing cholesterol levels?

A) Whole blood
B) Plasma
C) Serum
D) Urine

Answer 3

Serum

Question 4

Which of the following would not result in an elevation of high-density lipoprotein levels?

A) Vigorous exercise
B) Fasting
C) Consuming a diet high in fish
D) Moderate alcohol consumption

Question 5

Which of the following HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors has been demonstrated to reduce LDL levels up to 60 percent?

A) Simvastatin
B) Atorvastatin
C) Lovastatin
D) Cerivastatin

Question 6

Lipoprotein electrophoresis is used to obtain a direct measurement of all of the following except _____.

A) total cholesterol
B) triglycerides
C) HDL
D) LDL

Question 7

The differentiation of lipoproteins is based on the:

A) protein density in the different lipoproteins.
B) lipid density in the different lipoproteins.
C) polysaccharide density in the different lipoproteins.
D) nucleic acid density in the different lipoproteins.

Question 8

_____ is a rate-limiting pivotal step in cholesterol and steroid synthesis.

A) Production of mevalonic acid
B) Production of HMG-CoA
C) Production of acetyl-CoA
D) Production of pyruvic acid

Question 9

Why should statin medications be taken during the evening?

A) Statin medications cause drowsiness.
B) Cholesterol is absorbed at night.
C) Statin medications are absorbed very slowly.
D) Cholesterol is endogenously produced at night.

Question 10

The cholesterol absorption inhibitor drug,ezetimibe,is unique compared to other hypolipidemic drugs because the drug primarily:

A) inhibits liver enzymes to prevent cholesterol synthesis.
B) prevents cholesterol absorption in the intestine.
C) stays within the entero-hepatic circulation.
D) functions as a bile acid sequestrant.

Question 11

Which of the following substances binds to cholesterol to transport it from the liver to the gall bladder?

A) Phagocytes
B) Apoproteins
C) Triglycerides
D) Chylomicrons

Question 12

Cholesterol is considered to be a critical substrate for the body because of its importance in building all of the following except _____.

A) androgens
B) glucocorticoids
C) amino acids
D) aldosterone

Question 13

Why is unstable plaque more dangerous than stable plaque?

A) Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with an increased likelihood of hemorrhage that can lead to shock.
B) Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with an increased likelihood of hemorrhage that can lead to arrhythmias.
C) Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with thrombus formation that can cause hypertension.
D) Unlike stable plaque, unstable plaque is associated with thrombus formation that can block blood flow and tissue oxygenation.

Question 14

Which of the following is recommended for patients who require an aggressive lipid-lowering strategy?

A) Administration of a dual combination of lovastatin and niacin
B) Administration of a dual combination of simvastatin and niacin
C) Administration of a triple combination of simvastatin, lovastatin, and colestipol
D) Administration of a triple combination of niacin, colestipol, and lovastatin

Question 15

Which of the following leads to fat streaks in the arteries?

A) Oxidized LDL, which attracts chylomicrons and increases the formation of foam cells
B) Oxidized HDL, which attracts chylomicrons and increases the formation of foam cells
C) Oxidized LDL, which attracts macrophages and forms foam cells
D) Oxidized HDL, which attracts macrophages and forms foam cells

Question 16

As macrophages consume LDL-cholesterol from the wall of damaged arteries,the macrophages transform into cholesterol-rich _____.

A) very-low-density lipoproteins
B) foam cells
C) chylomicrons
D) apoproteins

Question 17

Endogenous synthesis of cholesterol takes place in the _____.

A) liver and small intestine
B) kidney and pancreas
C) pancreas and spleen
D) gall bladder and esophagus

Question 18

Which of the following lipoproteins is produced in the intestines to transport exogenous cholesterol and triglycerides?

A) Very-low-density lipoproteins
B) Chylomicrons
C) High-density lipoproteins

Question 19

What is the first line of defense when treating hyperlipidemia?

A) Controlling the diet
B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
C) Administering nicotinic acid
D) Using bile acid sequestrants

Question 20

Rhabdomyolysis is considered to be a serious side effect of statin medications because:

A) immunoglobulin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause renal failure.
B) myoglobin molecules can disrupt blood flow to kidneys and cause renal failure.
C) immunoglobulin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause an aneurism.
D) myoglobin molecules can disrupt blood flow and cause myocardial infarction.

Question 21

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of statins?

A) Hypertension
B) Active liver disease
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Adults below 25 years of age

Question 22

Low-density lipoprotein is formed from _____.

A) apoprotein A-1
B) apoprotein E
C) foam cells
D) apoprotein B-100

Question 23

Which of the following statins carries a significantly high risk of causing muscle impairment?

A) Atorvastatin
B) Rosuvastatin
C) Cerivastatin
D) Simvastatin

Question 24

Identify an accurate statement about triglycerides.

A) Triglycerides are the main form of fat from diet.
B) Triglycerides are stored in the body in the form of cholesterol.
C) Triglycerides, unlike other fats, do not provide energy.
D) Triglycerides are mostly a cholesterol core with a fibrous cap.

Question 25

In the context of drug interactions,identify the true statement about grapefruit juice.

A) Grapefruit juice interacts only with drugs that are administered orally.
B) Atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin are not affected by grapefruit juice.
C) Grapefruit juice can significantly increase drug metabolism at the intestinal wall.
D) Taking medication in the presence of grapefruit juice significantly reduces the bioavailability of the medication.

Question 26

Which of the following risks is associate with the administration of ezetimibe in conjunction with fenofibrate to a patient?

A) Decreased blood level of ezetimibe
B) Increased internal bleeding
C) Severe myopathy
D) Increased potential for formation of gall stones

Question 27

A nurse is explaining the benefits and adverse effect associated with the use of cholestyramine to a patient.Which of the following is the nurse likely to identify as the most serious adverse effect of cholestyramine?

A) Nausea
B) Constipation
C) Intestinal obstruction
D) Flatulence

Question 28

Which of the following is true of HDL cholesterol?

A) It is called bad cholesterol because it is atherogenic.
B) It transports cholesterol to damaged areas in the arteries.
C) It inhibits the oxidation of of LDL cholesterol.
D) It promotes platelet aggregation at plaque sites.

Question 29

Unlike stable plaque,unstable plaque:

A) has a thin cap that can erode, rupture, and break away.
B) has a cholesterol core.
C) develops in arteries rather than in veins.
D) builds slowly over the years.

Question 30

Leonard presents with symptoms of hyperlipidemia and is prescribed simvastatin.Simvastatin is available as 20-mg tablets.If the duration of the treatment is 7 weeks and the daily dosage is 40 mg,calculate the total number of tablets required for the duration of the treatment.

A) 140 tablets
B) 280 tablets
C) 135 tablets
D) 98 tablets

Question 31

Identify the result of drug interaction between statins and alcohol.

A) Increase in blood level of enzyme inhibitors
B) Increase in plasma clearance of statins
C) Decrease in statin hypolipidemic effect
D) Severe myopathy

Question 32

Bernice is prescribed niacin for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.On administration of the drug,Bernice feels flushed and experiences a sensation of warmth on her face.She also feels a tingling sensation and has a mild headache.Which of the following measures can be adopted by Bernice to prevent this adverse reaction from recurring?

A) Taking niacin with a hot liquid
B) Drinking a hot liquid after dosing
C) Fasting for four hours before taking niacin
D) Taking aspirin 30 minutes before niacin dosing

Question 33

Blockage of the carotid artery,which supplies the brain,by plaque causes _____.

A) angina
B) transient ischemic attack
C) intermittent claudication
D) peripheral artery disease

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the immediate-release preparation of niacin?

A) It reduces total cholesterol.
B) It increases HDL.
C) It reduces LDL preferentially.
D) It increase triglycerides preferentially.

Question 35

A patient is prescribed atorvastatin to lower cholesterol levels.If the daily dosage is 30 mg and the duration of medication is 30 days,what is the total dosage?

A) 450 mg
B) 90 mg
C) 900 mg
D) 45 mg