Deck 28: Hypolipidemic Drugs

Question 1

Identify an accurate statement about vitamins.

A) Vitamins are traditionally regarded as drugs.
B) Vitamins, like drugs, alter the physiological activity of living systems.
C) The human body synthesizes all the essential vitamins.
D) It is impossible to develop a deficiency to most vitamins.

Answer 1

Vitamins, like drugs, alter the physiological activity of living systems.

Question 2

How many essential amino acids are there?

A) Three
B) Nine
C) Two
D) Twenty

Answer 2

Nine

Question 3

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

A) Alanine
B) Asparagine
C) Serine
D) Lysine

Answer 3

Lysine

Question 4

Which of the following is true of vitamin A?

A) Vitamin A usage leads to an increase in sebum production.
B) Vitamin A is absolutely required for the production of rhodopsin.
C) Vitamin A is a water-soluble vitamin.
D) Vitamin A is essential for the metabolism of bone and cartilage.

Question 5

What is the minimum amount of milk,cheese,and dairy products that a senior adult should consume in a day?

A) 6-8 servings
B) 1 serving
C) 2 servings
D) 3-5 servings

Question 6

A deficiency of _____ results in night blindness,dry skin,and a decrease in epithelial cell production.

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin E

Question 7

A difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins is that fat-soluble vitamins:

A) are not stored in the body, whereas water-soluble vitamins are well stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
B) are not affected by conditions such as biliary obstruction, whereas water-soluble vitamins are influenced by biliary function.
C) are less easily depleted through renal excretion than water-soluble vitamins.
D) are more readily absorbed by the intestine than water-soluble vitamins.

Question 8

The recommendations in the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)for the daily intake of elements that are not produced by the body are derived from healthy individuals consuming:

A) a 2000-calorie daily diet balanced from five basic food groups.
B) a 1500-calorie daily diet balanced from four basic food groups.
C) a 2000-calorie daily diet balanced from all the six basic food groups.
D) none of these.

Question 9

Abigail is taken to the hospital after experiencing severe abdominal pain and dizziness. She starts vomiting on the way to the hospital and experiences hot flushes. When Dr. Butler examines Abigail, he notices that she has dry, cracked skin, joint pain, and is lethargic. On further enquiry, Dr. Butler learns that Abigail has been using isotretinoin tablets for her acne. He immediately attributes her condition to drug toxicity. From which of the following conditions is Abigail most likely suffering?

A) Hypervitaminosis B
B) Hypervitaminosis A
C) Hypervitaminosis D
D) Hypervitaminosis E

Question 10

Who among the following is least likely to be prescribed oral and parenteral supplements?

A) Ava, a pregnant 32-year-old woman
B) Alex, a 16-year-old high school student
C) Derek, a national-level swimming champion
D) Sam, an elderly cancer patient

Question 11

When Ella discovers that she is unable to see things in relatively low light, she visits Dr. Brody for a medical checkup. Upon examination, Dr. Brody notes that Ella has very dry skin and a relatively low rate of epithelial cell growth. He attributes these symptoms to a vitamin deficiency. From which of the following vitamin deficiencies is Ella most likely suffering?

A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D

Question 12

The fat-soluble vitamins are _____.

A) vitamins A, D, E, and K
B) vitamins A, B, D, and E
C) vitamins A, B, C, and D
D) vitamins A, B, D, and K

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of vitamin A?

A) Provitamin A is converted to retinol in the stomach.
B) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness.
C) Vitamin A usage leads to increased sebum production.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin D

Question 15

The condition known as beriberi that is characterized by weakness,paresthesia,hypotension,and sensory and motor dysfunction is caused by _____.

A) vitamin B₁ deficiency
B) vitamin C deficiency
C) vitamin B₂ deficiency
D) vitamin K deficiency

Question 16

Select a true statement about vitamins.

A) The fat-soluble vitamins are vitamin B and vitamin C
B) Water-soluble vitamins are typically well stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins are affected by conditions such as biliary obstruction and pancreatic disease.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body

Question 17

The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include:

A) bleeding gums, bruising, and loose teeth.
B) insomnia, delusions, and confusion.
C) hemorrhage and decreased coagulation.
D) fatigue, muscle weakness, and leg cramps.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of vitamin D?

A) Vitamin D is essential for the metabolism of bone and cartilage.
B) The most potent form of vitamin D is vitamin D3.
C) Vitamin D deficiency leads to scurvy.
D) Citrus fruits are the richest sources of vitamin D

Question 19

.A 75-year-old lactose-intolerant patient complains that her appetite has decreased over the last month and that she has been experiencing pain in her bones.She is concerned that she is not getting enough vitamin D.Using your knowledge of vitamin D,what recommendation can you give her?

A)She should start taking a vitamin D supplement containing 200 IU of vitamin D daily.
B)She should start eating eggs and taking fish liver oil.
C)She should increase her exposure to sunlight daily in order to allow the sunlight to convert the cholesterol in her skin to vitamin D
D)All of these are correct.

Question 20

The human body can synthesize _____.

A) vitamins
B) minerals
C) carbohydrates
D) essential amino acids

Question 21

Acidosis results when the pH of the blood:

A) falls between pH values of 7.35 and 7.45.
B) falls below a pH value of 7.35.
C) rises above a pH value of 7.45.
D) rises above a pH value of 8.0.

Question 22

Select a true statement about body water.

A) The body can tolerate water deprivation.
B) Water is the most abundant constituent of the body.
C) Body water represents about 30 to 40 percent of total body weight.
D) Loss of body water produces edema.

Question 23

Allison has swollen gums,and she finds it difficult to eat as her gums keep bleeding and her teeth feel loose.She also has very poor bone development and frequently complains of bone pain.Allison's diet is rich in protein,but she barely eats any fruits.From which of the following deficiencies is she most likely suffering?

A) Vitamin A deficiency
B) Vitamin K deficiency
C) Vitamin C deficiency
D) Vitamin B deficiency

Question 24

In the context of electrolytes and fluid balance,identify an accurate statement about potassium.

A) Potassium is important in maintaining cell structure and function.
B) Excessive potassium levels can produce a loss of muscle tone, weakness, and paralysis.
C) A loss of potassium can produce cardiac arrhythmias, especially heart block.
D) None of these statements are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of typical water intake and output in a state of water balance?

A) Most of the water in the body is excreted through feces.
B) About 1600 ml of water is obtained by drinking fluids.
C) The normal daily intake of fluids by an average-size adult is approximately 500 ml.
D) The normal daily output of fluids is not the same as fluid intake.

Question 26

In the context of fluid balance and electrolytes,which of the following statements is true of sodium?

A) Sodium plays a major role in maintaining normal fluid balance.
B) Significant loss of sodium through vomiting and diarrhea reduces extracellular fluid volume.
C) The kidneys help maintain normal levels of sodium in plasma and other body fluids.
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 27

The retention of water results in _____.

A) dehydration
B) edema
C) acidosis
D) polyuria

Question 28

Who among the following would benefit the most from total parenteral nutrition?

A) Jimmy, a cancer patient who has been suffering excessive weight loss
B) Ella, a diabetic patient who has been having trouble keeping her blood sugar levels under control
C) Anna, who is in her first trimester of pregnancy and has been vomiting frequently
D) None of these

Question 29

In the context of electrolytes,which of the following statements is true about calcium in the body?

A) The normal serum concentration of calcium ranges between 5.0 and 6.5 mEq/l.
B) When given intravenously, calcium is usually administered in the form of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate.
C) Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood cause hyperexcitability of nerve and muscle fibers (tetany).
D) A deficiency of calcium produces muscle weakness and may lead to cardiac and respiratory failure.

Question 30

The major source of the hydrogen that is used by the human body is from:

A) the air that is inhaled into the lungs.
B) the dissociation of water, protein, bicarbonate, and phosphate buffer systems.
C) the fluid moving out of the intracellular compartment.
D) none of the these.

Question 31

Diana works as a health-care professional in Redwood Nursing Home.Which of the following instructions should she give her patients when they are taking their nutritional supplements?

A)Always take nutritional supplements on an empty stomach.
B)Chew extended-release formulations of vitamins.
C)Brief periodic exposure to sunlight is essential for maintaining a normal level of vitamin D
D)It is imperative to notify the physician of any changes in the color of urine while taking riboflavin.

Question 32

Select the statement that best explains the potential effect of hyperchloremia in the body.

A) The presence of high levels of chloride causes more chloride to be absorbed by the renal tubules, leaving less chloride in the extracellular fluid, thereby causing the development of acidosis.
B) The presence of high levels of chloride causes more hydrogen to be retained in the blood to help balance the excess chloride, causing hyperchloremic alkalosis.
C) The presence of high levels of chloride causes more hydrogen to be retained in the blood to help balance the excess chloride, causing the development of hyperchloremic acidosis.
D) None of these statements are correct.

Question 33

Use your knowledge of vitamins and nutritional therapy to determine the instructions that you must give a patient regarding therapy with nutritional supplements.

A) Nutritional supplements should be taken with meals to avoid gastrointestinal (GI) distress.
B) Extended-release formulations of vitamins should not be chewed or crushed.
C) If pregnancy is suspected, the supplements should not exceed the recommended maximum daily amounts.
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 34

In the context of the relationship among fluid,electrolyte,and acid-base imbalances,which of the following is true of hypovolemia?

A) Hypovolemia can lead to alkalosis because Na⁺ reabsorption, which is coupled to H⁺ secretion in the renal tubule, leads to an increase in the pH of the extracellular fluid.
B) Hypovolemia can lead to acidosis because Na⁺ reabsorption is coupled to H⁺ secretion in the renal tubule, which lowers the pH of the extracellular fluid.
C) Hypovolemia can lead to alkalosis because decreased Na⁺ reabsorption leads to decreased H⁺ secretion into the renal tubules, which results in a higher concentration of H⁺ retained in the extracellular fluid.
D) None of these is correct.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

A) TPN can help reduce tumor growth.
B) TPN can prevent excessive weight loss in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
C) TPN decreases blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
D) TPN does not influence white blood cell counts.