Deck 24: Diuretics

Question 1

Determine the nitrate drug most commonly used to treat angina and coronary artery disease (CAD).

A) Isosorbide dinitrate
B) Isosorbide monohydrate
C) Nitroglycerin
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Select the available strengths of the sublingual nitroglycerin tablet Nitrostat.

A) 2.5-, 5-, and10-mg sublingual tablets
B) 0.3-, 0.4-, and 0.6-mg sublingual tablets
C) 40-mg CR tablets and capsules
D) 1-, 2-, and 3-mg extended-release buccal tablets

Answer 2

0.3-, 0.4-, and 0.6-mg sublingual tablets

Question 3

Describe the goal of the treatment of coronary artery disease.

A) Reducing the number and severity of anginal attacks
B) Limiting the progression of atherosclerosis
C) Preventing myocardial infarction
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Jason's physician diagnosed him with coronary artery disease and angina.He has been prescribed nitroglycerin for the angina.Select the drug that the physician can prescribe to treat Jason's coronary artery disease?

A) Nadolol
B) Propranolol
C) Atenolol
D) All of the above

Question 5

Samuel is prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin to treat angina pain.How long will it take for nitroglycerin to take effect?

A) 1 to 3 minutes
B) 3 to 5 minutes
C) 5 to 7 minutes
D) 2 to 4 minutes

Question 6

What is the most common adverse effect associated with the use of calcium channel blockers?

A) Dizziness
B) Hypotension
C) Nausea and vomiting
D) All of the above

Question 7

Select the nitrate drug that is used prophylactically to prevent the occurrence of anginal attacks.

A) Nitroglycerin sublingual pump
B) Nitroglycerin for IV infusion
C) Sublingual nitroglycerin
D) Nitroglycerin extended-release capsules

Question 8

Which of the following is an adverse effect that does not likely result from an overdose of the calcium channel blocker verapamil?

A) Bradycardia
B) Decreased myocardial contraction
C) Increased myocardial contraction
D) AV block

Question 9

Identify the term that refers to the reduction in blood flow caused by atherosclerosis.

A) Tachycardia
B) Variant angina
C) Ischemia
D) Exertional angina

Question 10

Identify a nonpharmacologic treatment that a patient should consider to prevent the progression of angina attacks.

A) Exercise and a low-fat diet
B) Smoking cessation
C) Weight control
D) All of the above

Question 11

Select the drug class that can be used in combination with nitrates for patients who require more than one drug to control angina.

A) Calcium channel blockers
B) Beta-adrenergic blockers
C) Alpha blockers
D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 12

Identify the mechanism of action of the calcium channel blockers in the treatment of angina and coronary artery disease.

A) Prevention of influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle
B) Increase in blood pressure to increase calcium ion concentration in blood
C) Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
D) Reversal of the effects of sympathetic activation

Question 13

Identify the term used to describe the fatty degeneration of the coronary arteries.

A) Angina pectoris
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Ischemia
D) Hypercholesterolemia

Question 14

Select the correct duration of action of nitroglycerin (Nitro-bid)ointment.

A) 30 minutes to 1 hour
B) 1 to 1.5 hours
C) 2 to 4 hours
D) 4 to 8 hours

Question 15

Identify the most common route of administration of nitrates during attacks of angina.

A) Topical
B) Intravenous
C) Sublingual
D) Oral

Question 16

Which of the following is not an adverse effect of nitrates?

A) Bradycardia
B) Cutaneous flushing
C) Fainting
D) Headache

Question 17

The type of angina that is characterized by vasospasm is _____.

A) stable angina
B) Prinzmetal angina
C) ischemia
D) exertional angina

Question 18

Which of the following information should be given to an angina patient about nitroglycerin?

A) Carry the prescribed medication at all times.
B) Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency if exposed to air or light.
C) Discard unused nitroglycerin tablets that are more than 6 months old.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 19

Alice experiences periods of angina,and she places a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet under her tongue as directed by her physician.After 5 minutes,she does not feel any relief.What step should be taken next?

A) She should seek medical assistance immediately.
B) She should place another sublingual nitroglycerin tablet under her tongue.
C) She should swallow the nitroglycerin tablet for better absorption.
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 20

Select the preferred drug class for the treatment of variant or Prinzmetal angina.

A) Calcium channel blockers
B) Beta-adrenergic blockers
C) Alpha blockers
D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 21

How are verapamil and diltiazem different from other calcium channel blockers?

A) Verapamil and diltiazem block the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle.
B) Verapamil and diltiazem block the influx of calcium ions in cardiac muscle.
C) Verapamil and diltiazem are chemically classified as dihydropyridines.
D) Verapamil and diltiazem have very little direct actions on the heart.

Question 22

Identify a true statement about variant or Prinzmetal angina.

A) This type of angina occurs with advanced coronary artery disease.
B) This type of angina is caused by progressive blockade of the coronary arteries by blood clots.
C) This type of angina is unpredictable and can occur at any time, even during sleep.
D) This type of angina is brought on by exercise, overexertion, or stress.

Question 23

David is diagnosed with unstable angina.What is the preferred therapy for this form of angina?

A) Administering antianginal, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet drugs
B) Resting and reducing all physical activities
C) Using nitrates in combination with tadalafil and vardenafil
D) Administering a high dose of calicium channel blockers such as nifedipine and nicardipine

Question 24

Malia,a 45-year-old architect,is prone to angina attacks.Which of the following forms of nitroglycerin should Malia use to prevent angina attacks?

A) Nitroglycerin spray
B) Nitroglycerin for IV infusion
C) Nitroglycerin extended-release capsules
D) Nitroglycerin tablets administered sublingually

Question 25

Which of the following is an important therapeutic effect achieved by nitrates in the treatment of angina?

A) Decrease in cardiac work
B) Increase in preload
C) Increase in afterload
D) Decrease in clot formation

Question 26

Which of the following is true of diltiazem?

A) It has no effect on heart rate.
B) It has greater vasodilating actions than verapamil.
C) It is a potent vasoconstrictor.
D) It increases the force of myocardial contraction.

Question 27

Which of the following explains the inability of the nitrates to act as coronary dilators during angina?

A) Arteriolar dilation is greater than venodilation is at low-dose ranges.
B) Nitrates do not act on vascular smooth muscle.
C) The most common route of administration is sublingual.
D) The arteries are already maximally dilated by ischemia.

Question 28

Betty,an angina patient,is asthmatic.Betty's doctor prescribes a combination of a nitrate and a beta-blocker to treat her angina.Which of the following combination of drugs is contraindicated?

A) Verapamil and isosorbide dinitrate
B) Nadolol and isosorbide dinitrate
C) Atenolol and isosorbide dinitrate
D) Metoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate

Question 29

What is the primary mechanism of action of both nitrate drugs and drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction?

A) Increasing the formation of nitric oxide
B) Inhibiting a phosphodiesterase enzyme
C) Increasing the presence of nitrate ions in the blood
D) Relaxing skeletal muscle and causing vasoconstriction

Question 30

What causes exertional angina?

A) Vasospasm of one or more of the coronary arteries
B) Insufficient coronary blood flow due to atherosclerotic plaques
C) Gradual weakening of cardiac tissue in the left ventricle
D) Complete blockade of coronary arteries by blood clots

Question 31

Which of the following is true of nitroglycerin ointment?

A) It has an onset of action of about 2 to 5 minutes.
B) It is used sublingually to relieve intense pain during attacks of angina.
C) It has a duration of action of about 1 to 2 hours.
D) It is applied topically to an area of the chest and absorption occurs through the skin.

Question 32

Unlike nondihydropyridines,dihydropyridines:

A) have very little direct actions on the heart.
B) block the influx of sodium ions in cardiac muscle.
C) block the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle.
D) have prominent effects on the heart.

Question 33

Vincent,a 35-year-old man,is prescribed Nitrogard,to prevent anginal attacks.Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in this scenario?

A) Sildenafil
B) Verapamil
C) Nadolol
D) Atenolol

Question 34

While Kendall is taking a stroll in a park near his house,his chest starts hurting.Assuming that Kendall is carrying the appropriate medication for his condition,which of the following routes of administration is he most likely to use?

A) Sublingual
B) Oral
C) Transdermal
D) Intravenous

Question 35

Will,a 38-year-old man,is prone to anginal attacks.Will's doctor prescribes a combination of drugs for long-term as well as short-term management of angina.Which of the following is the most likely combination of drugs prescribed by Will's doctor?

A) Diltiazem and tadalafil
B) Metoprolol and verapamil
C) Propranolol and atenolol
D) Nadolol and isosorbide dinitrate