Deck 5: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The somatic nerves are the branches of the cranial and spinal motor nerves that:

A) innervate skeletal muscle.
B) are not under one's voluntary control.
C) are regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata.
D) innervate the cardiac muscles and the smooth muscles of the internal organs and glands.

Answer 1

innervate skeletal muscle.

Question 2

Identify an accurate statement about the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

A) The ANS is under one's conscious control.
B) The ANS is composed of nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles.
C) The ANS is regulated by the cerebral cortex.
D) The ultimate purpose of the ANS is to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Answer 2

The ultimate purpose of the ANS is to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Question 3

A patient with tachycardia,an abnormally rapid heartbeat,is experiencing:

A) parasympathetic activation.
B) parasympathetic inhibition.
C) sympathetic activation.
D) sympathetic inhibition.

Answer 3

sympathetic activation.

Question 4

_____ is the term used to describe the situation where the nerves arising from the two separate divisions of the autonomic nervous system innervate and alternatively increase and decrease the activity of a particular organ.

A) Single autonomic innervation
B) Dual autonomic innervation
C) Autorhythmicity
D) Homeostasis

Question 5

Identify a difference between parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves.

A) Parasympathetic nerves are more active during periods of intense stress, whereas sympathetic nerves are more active during periods of rest.
B) Parasympathetic nerves originate from the brain and the spinal cord, whereas sympathetic nerves originate from the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves.
C) Parasympathetic nerves innervate blood vessels, whereas sympathetic nerves innervate skeletal muscles.
D) Parasympathetic nerves release the neurotransmitter adrenaline, whereas sympathetic nerves release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 6

The thoracic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

A) supply the lower portion of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.
B) decrease the activity of the heart during the fight or flight reaction.
C) supply the internal organs of the head, thoracic cavity, and upper abdominal cavity.
D) originate from the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Question 7

The function of the autonomic nervous system is to regulate the rate of:

A) cardiac muscle contractions.
B) skeletal muscle contractions.
C) striated muscle contractions.
D) sensory conduction.

Question 8

The special property that allows cardiac and smooth muscles to initiate their own contractions is known as:

A) autorhythmicity.
B) biorhythmicity.
C) tachycardia.
D) bradycardia.

Question 9

The two structures that directly regulate visceral nerves are:

A) the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
B) the pituitary gland and the medulla oblongata.
C) the pituitary gland and the pineal gland.
D) the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata.

Question 10

Identify an accurate statement about the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

A) The nerves of the parasympathetic division originate from the brain and spinal cord.
B) The sacral nerves of the parasympathetic division supply the internal organs and glands of the head.
C) Most blood vessels receive parasympathetic innervation.
D) The parasympathetic division is less active during periods of rest and restoration of body energy stores.

Question 11

_____ refers to the normal state of balance among the body's internal organs.

A) Repolarization
B) Homeodynamics
C) Homeostasis
D) Euvolemia

Question 12

The activation of the parasympathetic division will not directly reduce:

A) gastrointestinal motility.
B) blood pressure.
C) urinary motility.
D) skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 13

An increase in blood pressure is associated with a(n):

A) decrease in sympathetic activity.
B) increase in parasympathetic activity.
C) decrease in parasympathetic activity.
D) increase in sympathetic activity.

Question 14

Identify a difference between visceral nerves and somatic nerves.

A) The somatic nerves innervate involuntary muscles, whereas the visceral nerves innervate voluntary muscles.
B) The visceral nerves are not under voluntary control, whereas the somatic nerves are under voluntary control.
C) Visceral nerves are regulated by the cerebral cortex, whereas somatic nerves are regulated by the medulla oblongata.
D) Somatic nerves innervate the muscles of the heart, whereas visceral nerves innervate the skeletal muscles.

Question 15

If the heart of a frog was placed in a petri dish filled with oxygenated Ringer's solution,what other chemical would be essential to make it contract?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) None

Question 16

Identify an accurate statement about the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

A) The ANS is under one's conscious control.
B) The ANS is composed of nerves that innervate smooth and cardiac muscle.
C) The ANS is regulated by the cerebral cortex.
D) The ANS is composed of nerves that innervate skeletal muscles.

Question 17

A parasympathetic stimulating medication would be good for which condition?

A) Hypertension
B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) Conjuctivitis

Question 18

During an anatomical class,Dr.Hales removes the heart of a frog and places it in a beaker of oxygenated Ringer's solution.He then instructs his health care trainees to observe how the muscles of the frog's heart continue to contract even without external stimulation.What property of the muscles of the heart is Dr.Hales asking his students to observe?

A) Autorhythmicity
B) Bradycardia
C) Tachycardia
D) Biorhythmicity

Question 19

Patients undergoing a chemical stress test at a doctor's office could expect to receive an injection of which neurotransmitter?

A) Epinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 20

Another name for the autonomic nervous system is:

A) the somatic nervous system.
B) the sensory nervous system.
C) the visceral nervous system.
D) the spinal nervous system.

Question 21

What is the main chemical released by the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic stimulation?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Dopamine
D) Epinephrine

Question 22

The neurotransmitter common to both preganglionic nerve fibers in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is:

A) norepinephrine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) epinephrine.
D) serotonin.

Question 23

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by the adrenal medulla during the fight or flight reaction?

A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Adrenaline
D) Acetylcholine

Question 24

What physiological changes take place in the body during the fight or flight reaction?

A) The heart rate decreases.
B) The activity of the gastrointestinal tract increases.
C) The breathing rate decreases.
D) The force of myocardial contractions increases.

Question 25

Which of the following effects results from parasympathetic stimulation?

A) Mydriasis
B) An increase in heart rate
C) An increase in gastrointestinal motility
D) Bronchodilation

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the body?

A) It decreases the rate at which the heart contracts and relaxes.
B) It increases the rate of atrioventricular conduction.
C) It stimulates the urinary bladder to contract.
D) It causes the pupils of the eyes to constrict.

Question 27

How do muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic receptors?

A) Muscarinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands, whereas nicotinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of skeletal muscles and at the ganglia of nerves.
B) Muscarinic receptors are cholinergic receptors, whereas nicotinic receptors are adrenergic receptors.
C) Muscarinic receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine released from preganglionic nerve endings, whereas nicotinic receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic nerve endings.
D) Muscarinic receptors are somatic, whereas nicotinic receptors are autonomic.

Question 28

How do parasympathetic nerves differ from sympathetic nerves?

A) Parasympathetic nerves innervate blood vessels, whereas sympathetic nerves do not.
B) Parasympathetic nerves are less active than sympathetic nerves during periods of rest.
C) Parasympathetic nerves cannot be individually stimulated, whereas sympathetic nerves can.
D) Parasympathetic nerves do not release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, whereas sympathetic nerves do.

Question 29

Which of the following is a difference between acetylcholine and epinephrine?

A) Acetylcholine is released from the adrenal gland, whereas epinephrine is released from the preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nerves.
B) Acetylcholine produces the effects of parasympathetic stimulation, whereas epinephrine produces the effects of sympathetic stimulation.
C) Acetylcholine is released by adrenergic nerves, whereas epinephrine is released by cholinergic nerves.
D) Acetylcholine binds with adrenergic receptors, whereas epinephrine binds with muscarinic receptors.

Question 30

In the ANS,neurons that emerge from the central nervous system form the _____.

A) postganglionic nerve fiber
B) preganglionic nerve fiber
C) autonomic ganglion
D) neuroglia

Question 31

A high rate of sympathetic nerve firing is most likely to result in _____.

A) bronchoconstriction
B) vasoconstriction
C) miosis
D) vasodilation

Question 32

While Alice is mowing her lawn,she sees a big snake slithering out from under some flower pots.In response to the sudden threat of danger,Alice's heart rate increases,and she begins to breathe rapidly.Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for triggering these physical reactions in Alice's body?

A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Epinephrine
D) Somatostatin

Question 33

Identify an accurate statement about acetylcholine.

A) Acetylcholine is produced in the adrenal gland.
B) Acetylcholine is released at the postganglionic nerve endings of sympathetic nerves.
C) Acetylcholine is released at both the ganglia and the postganglionic nerve endings of parasympathetic nerves.
D) Acetylcholine is the predominant neurotransmitter that is released during the fight or flight reaction.

Question 34

The receptors that are located at both the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia,which are stimulated by the acetylcholine released from preganglionic nerve endings to conduct impulses across the autonomic ganglia to the postganglionic fibers of both autonomic divisions,are known as _____.

A) nicotinic-muscle receptors
B) nicotinic-nerve receptors
C) muscarinic receptors
D) adrenergic receptors

Question 35

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by the postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine