Deck 46: Immunopharmacology

Question 1

Select the false statement about the effect of lymphopenia on the immune response following administration of immunosuppressive drugs like the corticosteroids.

A) The immunosuppressive effect (lymphopenia) occurs 4 to 6 hours following drug administration and significantly reduces the number of circulating lymphocytes in the blood.
B) Lymphopenia decreases the ability of lymphocytes to initiate and participate in an immune response.
C) Corticosteroids increase the amount of lymphoid tissue and cells in the lymph nodes and spleen.
D) None of these are false.

Answer 1

Corticosteroids increase the amount of lymphoid tissue and cells in the lymph nodes and spleen.

Question 2

Identify the main function of macrophages.

A) Macrophages regulate the activity of the immune system by releasing cytokines.
B) Macrophages are cells that release chemicals that damage foreign cells.
C) Macrophages are scavenger cells that engulf and digest infectious organisms and foreign substances.
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 2

Macrophages are scavenger cells that engulf and digest infectious organisms and foreign substances.

Question 3

The use of infliximab (Remicade)leads to an infusion reaction that:

A) can include tremors and seizures.
B) can include high blood pressure, renal impairment, and chest pain.
C) can include fever, chills, hives, hypotension, and chest pain.
D) none of these.

Answer 3

can include fever, chills, hives, hypotension, and chest pain.

Question 4

Identify the statement that best explains how azathioprine (Imuran)works to treat lupus erythematosus.

A) Azathioprine prevents the production of adenine and guanine, which leads to the suppression of existing lymphocytes and suppresses the formation of new B-cells and T-cells.
B) Azathioprine causes B-cell production of antibodies and increases the production of killer T-cells.
C) Azathioprine stimulates the bone marrow to increase the production of macrophages and granulocytes.
D) None of these are correct

Question 5

Select the statement that accurately describes the difference between immunomodulation and immunosuppression.

A) Immunosuppressive drugs are used after organ transplantation and in the treatment of severe inflammatory and allergic conditions when the immune system is hyperactive, whereas immunomodulating drugs are used to treat diseases in which the activity of the immune system is beneficial.
B) Immunosuppression refers to drugs and biological factors that decrease immune activity, and immunomodulation refers to actions or drugs that stimulate the activity of the immune system.
C) Immunosuppressive drugs can be administered orally, whereas immunomodulating drugs can be administered only through injections or IV.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 6

Identify the role of helper T-cell lymphocytes in regulating the activity of the immune system.

A) The function of helper T-cells is to recognize the foreign antigens presented to them by macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells.
B) Helper T-cell lymphocytes are scavenger cells that engulf and digest infectious organisms and foreign substances.
C) Helper T-cell lymphocytes function as antigen-presenting cells.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 7

Select the true statement about infliximab (Remicade).

A) Infliximab is a cytotoxic drug that inhibits the activity of the T-cells and B-cells.
B) Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha).
C) Administration of infliximab is not associated with any adverse reactions.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

Select the false statement about memory cells and their role in the immune response process in the body.

A) Memory cells are produced when vaccinations are administered.
B) Some B-cells and T-cells are referred to as memory cells.
C) Memory cells are lymphocytes that inhibit the activity of the immune system when the immune response is no longer needed.
D) Memory cells remain in the body for many years and can quickly become reactivated to produce an immune response against an organism that previously infected the body.

Question 9

Which of the following is the main immunosuppressive effect of the corticosteroids?

A) The corticosteroids inhibit the synthesis of purine nucleotides that are required for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
B) The corticosteroids kill and suppress the function of lymphocytes.
C) The corticosteroids cause lymphocytes in the blood to be redistributed into the bone marrow.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 10

Select the true statement related to the alkylating drug cyclosporine (Sandimmune).

A) Cyclosporine is a cytotoxic drug agent produced by a fungus.
B) Cyclosporine stimulates the production of B-cells.
C) Cyclosporine inhibits the production of interleukin-2.
D) Cyclosporine is a polypeptide metabolite produced by an algae.

Question 11

Identify the true statement about macrophages.

A) Macrophages release interleukins that activate the T-cells.
B) Macrophages are classified as antigen-presenting cells.
C) Macrophages kill cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals such as perforins.
D) Macrophages produce immunoglobulins or antibodies.

Question 12

Select the false statement related to the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan).

A) Cyclophosphamide causes nausea, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), and bone marrow depression.
B) During the metabolism of cyclophosphamide, a toxic metabolite is formed.
C) Increased fluid intake can minimize the incidence of the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide.
D) None of these are false.

Question 13

The common adverse effects of the use of interferons are:

A) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches and pains.
B) flu-like symptoms such as chills, fever, and muscle aches and pains.
C) nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and bone marrow depression.
D) none of these.

Question 14

Select the false statement related to the adverse effects of azathioprine and the other cytotoxic drugs.

A) Azathioprine and the other cytotoxic drugs are capable of causing mutations in cells and tissues of the body.
B) Azathioprine and the other cytotoxic drugs are capable of causing cancer in cells and tissues of the body.
C) Azathioprine and the other cytotoxic drugs are capable of causing abnormal developments in cells and tissues of the body.
D) None of these are false.

Question 15

Select the true statement about the difference between the actions of interleukin-2 (Proleukin)and that of colony stimulating factors (CSF).

A) Interleukin-2 stimulates B-cell production of antibodies and killer T-cell activity, whereas CSFs stimulate the production of helper T-cells.
B) Interleukin-2 stimulates B-cell production of antibodies and killer T-cell activity, whereas CSFs stimulate the bone marrow to increase the production of macrophages and granulocytes.
C) Interleukin-2 stimulates the bone marrow to increase the production of macrophages, whereas CSFs stimulate the production of B-cells and T-cells.
D) Interleukin-2 stimulates the bone marrow to increase the production of macrophages, whereas CSFs stimulate the production of helper T-cells.

Question 16

Identify the clinical indications for the use of mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept).

A) Mycophenolate mofetil is used in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
B) Mycophenolate mofetil is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
C) Mycophenolate mofetil is used in renal organ transplantation to prevent rejection.
D) Mycophenolate mofetil is used to control immune-based diseases such as lupus erythematosus.

Question 17

Select the statement that is correct about tacrolimus (Prograf)and cyclosporine (Sandimmune).

A) Tacrolimus and cyclosporine inhibit the T-cell lymphocyte activity.
B) Cyclosporine is more potent than tacrolimus and is primarily used in organ transplantation.
C) Tacrolimus and cyclosporine stimulate the production of interleukin-2, a chemical mediator necessary for the growth and multiplication of T-cells.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 18

Select the true statement about the mechanism of action of a natural killer cell.

A) The natural killer cell releases perforins that form a hole in the enemy cell membrane.
B) Granzymes from the natural killer cell enter the perforin hole and degrade the enemy cell enzymes.
C) The enemy cell dies by apoptosis, and the macrophage engulfs and digests the dying cell.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is an immune-based disease that is treated by suppressing the immune response?

A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
D) All of these

Question 20

Identify the statement that accurately explains the symptoms that a patient being administered filgrastim (Neupogen)should report to the physician.

A) The patient should immediately report to the physician any fever, chills, GI disturbances, and muscle and bone pain.
B) The patient should immediately report to the physician any nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and bone pain.
C) The patient should immediately report to the physician any fever, flu-like symptoms, and fluid retention.
D) The patient should immediately report to the physician the presence of swollen glands, sore throat, and feelings of tiredness.

Question 21

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is administered through slow IV infusion to treat renal cell cancer.

A) Intron A
B) Proleukin
C) Infergen
D) Avonex

Question 22

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat anal warts.

A) Neupogen
B) Alferon N
C) Actimmune
D) Intron A

Question 23

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma.

A) Proleukin
B) Roferon-AC.
C) Infergen
D) Rebif

Question 24

_____ is administered using intralesional injections and is used to treat the human papillomavirus (HPV)infection.

A) Intron A
B) Roferon-A
C) Alferon N
D) Avonex

Question 25

Samuel,who has been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus,is prescribed a cytotoxic drug.His doctor explains that the drug is converted in the body to mercaptopurine,which exerts a cytotoxic effect.It inhibits the synthesis of purine nucleotides that are required for DNA synthesis.Which of the following drugs has Samuel been prescribed?

A) Cyclophosphamide
B) Azathioprine
C) Tacrolimus
D) Alefacept

Question 26

_____ is administered using subcutaneous injections three times a week to treat chronic granulomatous disease.

A) Neupogen
B) Roferon-A
C) Actimmune
D) Infergen

Question 27

_____ is administered using subcutaneous injections to treat chronic hepatitis

A) Neupogen
B) Betaseron
C) Alferon NC.
D) Infergen

Question 28

Gabriel is diagnosed with hairy cell leukemia.He is prescribed an immunomodulating agent that is administered through intramuscular injections.Which of the following drugs has Gabriel been prescribed?

A) Intron A
B) Betaseron
C) Infergen
D) Actimmune

Question 29

Fatima is suffering from multiple sclerosis.She is being administered a drug through subcutaneous injections three times a week.Which of the following drugs is Fatima being administered?

A) Intron A
B) Betaseron
C) Infergen
D) Avonex

Question 30

Ethan is scheduled for an organ transplant.He is administered a drug to prevent organ rejection.The drug works by suppressing T-cell function.Which of the following drugs has Ethan been administered?

A) Sandimmune
B) Betaseron
C) Neupogen
D) Leukine

Question 31

_____ is administered using subcutaneous injections to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A) Neupogen
B) Roferon-A
C) Actimmune
D) Infergen

Question 32

Logan is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.He is prescribed a drug that is to be taken orally.Logan is informed by his doctor that the drug has a half-life of 15 days.He also explains that he may experience diarrhea.Which of the following drugs has Logan been prescribed?

A) Arava
B) Betaseron
C) Rapamune
D) Leukine

Question 33

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat melanoma.

A) Neupogen
B) Roferon-A
C) Actimmune
D) Intron A

Question 34

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat hepatitis

A) Neupogen
B) Roferon-A
C) Actimmune
D) Intron A

Question 35

_____ is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat hairy cell leukemia.

A) Neupogen
B) Alferon N
C) Actimmune
D) Roferon-A