Deck 40: Antibacterial Agents

Question 1

Identify the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

A) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling the amount of the sodium ions in the body.
B) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling water loss in the urine.
C) Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling the sodium potassium exchange in the body.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 1

Antidiuretic hormone is a substance that regulates water balance in the body by controlling water loss in the urine.

Question 2

What do the adverse effects of methylergonovine (Methergine)include?

A) Vasodilation, which can produce varying degrees of hypotension
B) Nausea, vomiting, and constriction of blood vessels, which can produce varying degrees of hypertension
C) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
D) None of these

Answer 2

Nausea, vomiting, and constriction of blood vessels, which can produce varying degrees of hypertension

Question 3

Which of the following physical triggers is associated with water conservation?

A) Thirst and reduction in blood volume
B) Thirst and sweating
C) Sweating and reduction in blood volume
D) Excessive vomiting, sweating, and thirst

Answer 3

Thirst and reduction in blood volume

Question 4

Select the reason why vasopressin is contraindicated in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

A) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure.
B) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
C) In higher doses, the pressor effect produces cutaneous vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

Select the true statement about the adverse effects associated with excessive oxytocin administration.

A) There may be an increased incidence of nausea, vomiting, and constriction of blood vessels, which can produce varying degrees of hypertension.
B) The pressor effect may be intense and may restrict blood flow to the fingers and toes, which can result in tissue anoxia and the development of gangrene.
C) There may be prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and prevention of muscle atony.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 6

How can the sources of ADH be described using the terms exogenous and endogenous?

A) The endogenous ADH is called ADH, while the exogenous form is synthetically produced and sold by the name vasopressin.
B) Exogenous ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and stored until it is needed, while the endogenous form is synthetically produced and sold by the name vasopressin.
C) Endogenous vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus and stored until it is needed, while the exogenous form is synthetically produced.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 7

Using the typical water intake and output criteria,determine the body's normal function that uses the largest percentage of the water taken in daily.

A) 60 percent of the daily water intake is used by the body to produce sweat in order to keep the body temperature constant.
B) 60 percent of the daily water intake is used by the body to produce urine in order to keep water and sodium levels balanced.
C) 60 percent of the daily water intake is eliminated by the body while exhaling.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is an adverse effect of oxytocics due to which these agents are contraindicated in patients with asthma?

A) Oxytocics cause vomiting and diarrhea.
B) Oxytocics cause headache and dizziness.
C) Oxytocics cause constriction of bronchial smooth muscle.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 9

Select the statement that brings out the difference between central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

A) Central DI is caused by a decreased secretion of ADH, whereas nephrogenic DI is caused by a resistance to ADH in the kidney.
B) Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a resistance to ADH in the kidney, whereas nephrogenic DI is caused by a decreased secretion of ADH.
C) Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a resistance to glucose in the blood, whereas nephrogenic DI is caused by a decreased secretion of insulin.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 10

Identify the primary function of tocolytic drugs.

A) Tocolytic drugs inhibit uterine contractions, thereby preventing premature births.
B) Tocolytic drugs prevent or relieve abdominal distention associated with surgical procedures.
C) Tocolytic drugs are used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus.
D) Tocolytic drugs are proven effective in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis when administered prior to bedtime.

Question 11

Identify the role of osmoreceptors in the release of ADH.

A) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the water concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
B) Osmoreceptors in the kidneys detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
C) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.
D) None of these are correct. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in the salt (sodium) concentration in the plasma that indicate whether more or less water needs to be conserved.

Question 12

What is the the use of desmopressin or DDAVP?

A) Desmopressin is used to prevent or relieve abdominal distention associated with surgical procedures.
B) Desmopressin is approved for use in conditions other than diabetes insipidus.
C) Desmopressin is proven effective in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis when administered prior to bedtime.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Select the correct statement about the oxytocin-driven breast-feeding process.

A) Oxytocin is released and travels directly to the mammary glands, where it forces the ejection of the stored milk.
B) Release of oxytocin stimulates the sensory nerve endings in the breast nipple; it then causes the breast milk stored in the ducts to be ejected.
C) Signals of stimulation of the sensory nerve endings in the breast nipple travel to the posterior pituitary; this causes oxytocin to be released and travel in the blood to the mammary glands.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 14

Select the true statement about the dose-related adverse effects on the fetus of a woman who uses terbutaline (Brethine)for premature contractions.

A) The adverse effects of terbutaline are consistent with beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated activity.
B) Fetal tachycardia, increased maternal blood pressure, and increased blood glucose and fatty acids can occur with terbutaline.
C) Nausea, vomiting, headache, anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia are among the adverse effects reported to occur with terbutaline use.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 15

Use the Physicians' Desk Reference to determine the proper dosage of mifepristone (Mifeprex)given to induce abortion.

A) The proper dosage of mifepristone (Mifeprex) to induce abortion is 600 mg or 3 tablets (200 mg each) administered orally as a single dose.
B) The proper dosage of mifepristone (Mifeprex) to induce abortion is 300 mg or 3 tablets (100 mg each) administered orally as a single dose.
C) The proper dosage of mifepristone (Mifeprex) to induce abortion is 600 mg administered through IM injection.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 16

Select the drug of choice for the treatment of postpartum bleeding.

A) Dinoprost
B) Methylergonovine
C) Carboprost
D) Prostaglandin

Question 17

Identify the primary function of oxytocin.

A) Oxytocin is essential for water conservation during pregnancy.
B) Oxytocin is primarily involved with milk production before birth and milk ejection after birth.
C) Oxytocin is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth and milk ejection after birth.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 18

Select the statement that brings out the difference between oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

A) Oxytocin and ADH travel down nerve axons to the anterior lobe, where the hormones are stored until needed.
B) Oxytocin and ADH are polypeptides that differ only in the placement of three amino acids.
C) Oxytocin is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth and milk ejection after birth, while ADH is essential for water conservation throughout life.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is correct about the proper dosage of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)for the treatment of enuresis according to the Physicians' Desk Reference?

A) The dose of desmopressin (DDAVP) used to treat enuresis is 0.1 to 0.4 ml daily intranasally.
B) The dose of desmopressin (DDAVP) is 1 vaginal suppository (20 mg) up to 2 days.
C) The dose of desmopressin (DDAVP) used to treat enuresis is 0.2 to 0.6 mg PO daily at bedtime.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the affects of the release of ADH?

A) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypertonic, having a serum sodium level of >145 mEq/l. ADH secretion is inhibited when the blood serum sodium level is hypotonic and has a serum sodium level of <135 mEq/l.
B) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypotonic and has a sodium level of <135 mEq/l. ADH secretion is inhibited when the blood serum sodium level is hypertonic and has a serum sodium level of >145 mEq/l.
C) ADH is released when the blood serum sodium level is hypertonic and has a serum sodium level of <135 mEq/l. ADH secretion is inhibited when the blood serum sodium level is hypotonic and has a serum sodium level of >145 mEq/l.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 21

Identify an accurate statement about oxytocin.

A)A fall in oxytocin levels correlates with orgasm intensity in men and women.
B)Oxytocin is synthesized in the posterior lobe of the pituitary in women.
C)There is no role for oxytocin as a pharmacologic agent beyond labor and delivery at present.
D)Oxytocin is synthesized only in the testes and prostate gland in men.

Question 22

Identify an accurate statement about oxytocin.

A) The duration of uterine contraction is dependent on the oxytocin dose.
B) The use of oxytocics lessens the chance of violent uterine contractions.
C) Natural preparations (animal source) of oxytocin are generally administered during pregnancy.
D) Oxytocin prevents the forceful expulsion of a fetus through an undilated birth canal.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A) ADH is not a polypeptide.
B) The supraoptic nuclei is a neuron where ADH is synthesized.
C) ADH is primarily involved with milk ejection after birth.
D) ADH is primarily involved with labor contractions before birth.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of diabetes insipidus (DI)?

A) Central DI is caused by a resistance to ADH in the kidney.
B) Nephrogenic DI is caused by a decreased secretion of ADH.
C) Treatment of hypothalamic DI mainly involves replacement therapy with endogenic vasopressin.
D) Diabetes insipidus is not related to the other hormone deficiency condition, diabetes mellitus.

Question 25

Control of water output is primarily through _____.

A) sweat production
B) urine production
C) cutaneous transpiration
D) expiration of air

Question 26

Which of the following adverse effects is common to oxytocics and tocolytics?

A) Nausea
B) Flushing
C) Gangrene
D) Arrhythmia

Question 27

Which of the following is a true statement about the posterior pituitary hormones?

A) The hormones are synthesized when they are needed.
B) The secretion of the hormones is controlled by nerve reflexes.
C) The hormones are released in response to other hormones.
D) The hormones travel down nerve axons to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 28

Natalie is experiencing uterine contractions during her 7th month of pregnancy.Which of the following would be true in this situation?

A) Natalie should refrain from using nifedipine for her contractions because it has been specifically disapproved by the FDA for this indication.
B) The benefit of having the Natalie's baby come to full term in utero can be substituted by the use of high-tech neonatal intensive care units.
C) Natalie should use terbutaline, which inhibits uterine contractions, although it increases the heart rates of the mother and fetus.
D) Magnesium sulfate will slow Natalie?s uterine contractions but may increase her heart and respiratory rate.

Question 29

The ergot alkaloid methylergonovine (Methergine)is used to:

A) induce labor.
B) induce abortion.
C) decrease uterine bleeding.
D) treat hypothalamic DI.

Question 30

_____ are specialized proteins that form pores (channels)in the cell membrane that allow water to pass through but not small molecules like ions.

A) Aquaporins
B) Nucleoporins
C) Osmoreceptors
D) Baroreceptors

Question 31

Meera experiences premature rupture of obstetrical membranes (PROM),which might lead to the premature birth of her baby during the 32nd week of gestation.Which of the following would be true of this situation?

A) Meera can continue smoking cigarettes because it does not have a significant link with PROM.
B) There is a high probability that Meera's baby will have significantly underdeveloped respiratory functions.
C) Magnesium sulfate will slow Meera's uterine contractions but may increase her heart and respiratory rate.
D) Terbutaline will inhibit uterine contractions but decrease the heart rates of Meera and the fetus.

Question 32

Brian is experiencing abdominal distention after a recent surgery.Which of the following drugs should Brian's physician prescribe?

A) Desmopressin
B) Oxytocin
C) Methylergonovine
D) Dinoprostone

Question 33

Identify the correct statement about desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).

A) It is injected SC or IM in the early treatment of diabetes insipidus.
B) It has a duration of action that is much shorter than the natural vasopressin.
C) It is contraindicated in patients with abdominal distention associated with surgical procedures.
D) It is proven effective in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis when administered prior to bedtime.

Question 34

Li has been administered Pitocin by IV infusion in order to induce labor.Which of the following is a major adverse effect when this drug is administrated excessively?

A) Vertigo
B) Tremor
C) Uterine tetany
D) Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Question 35

_____ is a measure of hydration status or the amount of solute (ions,salts)per liter of solution (blood,plasma).

A) Osmolality
B) Osmolarity
C) Tonicity
D) Molality