Deck 19: Plants

Question 1

In plants,the

A) haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis.
B) haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte.
C) diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte.
D) diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
E) haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A cotyledon is

A) both a nutritional resource and the first leaf for the embryonic plant.
B) the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.
C) a nutritional resource for the embryo plant.
D) a spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants.
E) a part of the fruit tissues of the plant.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In gymnosperms and angiosperms,a plant embryo (young sporophyte)packaged with a food supply in a tough outer coat is a

A) gemmae.
B) fruit.
C) seed.
D) sperm.
E) pollen grain.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Conifers produce

A) pollen in flowers and seeds in cones.
B) only flowers.
C) both seeds and pollen in cones.
D) only seeds in cones.
E) only pollen in cones.

Question 5

The tissue of the vascular plant that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves is the

A) cuticle.
B) xylem.
C) phloem.
D) root.
E) stomata.

Question 6

Production of the lignin molecule in xylem cells is an adaptation that gives what terrestrial plant benefit to vascular plants?

A) Lignin provides strength for the plant to grow tall, and with branches.
B) Lignin allows the xylem to transport the sugars produced in photosynthesis, without reaction that would break them apart.
C) Lignin is a waxy molecule that reduces water loss to the atmosphere, as water is pumped throughout the plant.
D) Lignin works within the xylem cells to promote active transport pumping of water and nutrients in each cell.
E) Lignin reacts with CO₂ in the water, transforming it to O₂, which is necessary for photosynthesis.

Question 7

The part of the vascular plant that transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to the nongreen parts of the plant is the

A) phloem.
B) cuticle.
C) stomata.
D) root.
E) xylem.

Question 8

The part of the plant that absorbs water and nutrients is the

A) Both roots and rhizoids are correct.
B) vascular tissue.
C) rhizoid.
D) stomata.
E) root.

Question 9

After a biology field trip,you make a thin section of a flowering plant stem.You observe these two main sets of cells: the lower set of cells are large,have thick walls,and test positive for the lignin molecule,while the smaller,but uniform red cells do not have lignin.From this evidence,you conclude that the larger cells with lignin are

A) cuticle.
B) stomata.
C) rhizoids.
D) xylem.
E) phloem.

Question 10

In flowering plants,the gametophyte

A) is both smaller than the sporophyte and can grow independently.
B) is both larger than the sporophyte and can grow independently.
C) is smaller than the sporophyte.
D) is larger than the sporophyte.
E) can grow independently of the sporophyte.

Question 11

The term gymnosperm literally means

A) naked seed.
B) clothed ovule.
C) clothed sperm.
D) clothed seed.
E) naked ovule.

Question 12

In dry weather,plants reduce water loss by closing their

A) cuticle.
B) vascular tissues.
C) cell membranes.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.
E) stomata.

Question 13

The part of the vascular plant that is a waxy coating to minimize water loss from leaves is the

A) stomata.
B) cuticle.
C) root.
D) xylem.
E) phloem.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all plants?

A) They are eukaryotes.
B) They are autotrophs.
C) They are heterotrophs.
D) They are multicellular organisms.
E) They carry out photosynthesis.

Question 15

The organelle that contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis in plants is the

A) mitochondria.
B) cell membrane.
C) Golgi body.
D) chloroplast.
E) central vacuole.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a member of the gymnosperms?

A) ginkgos
B) conifers
C) cycads
D) ferns
E) gnetophytes

Question 17

Openings in the plant leaves,as shown in the image below,are called ___ and allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

A) root.
B) xylem.
C) cuticle.
D) stomata.
E) phloem.

Question 18

The two classes that make up the angiosperms are

A) horsetails and ferns.
B) mosses and club mosses.
C) conifers and gnetophytes.
D) monocots and eudicots.
E) ginkgos and cycads.

Question 19

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are

A) mosses, liverworts, club mosses, and hornworts.
B) horsetails, true ferns, whisk ferns, and club mosses.
C) conifers, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and cycads.
D) monocotyledons, dicotyledons, conifers, and cycads.
E) conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.

Question 20

The adaptive benefit of flowers in the angiosperms is that they

A) are structures of plants that are only ornamental and have no reproductive value in plants.
B) produce egg cells only.
C) produce pollen only.
D) are produced by both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
E) produce both pollen and egg cells.

Question 21

In angiosperms,pollen is the product of a haploid microspore dividing mitotically.Therefore,pollen is which of the following?

A) a seed
B) a sporophyte
C) a gametophyte
D) sperm
E) a spore

Question 22

In the life cycle of plants,what is the difference between a seed and a spore?

A) None of these answer options are correct.
B) Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
C) Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
D) Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
E) Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte.

Question 23

In alternation of generations,a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

A) haploid
B) sporo-
C) tetraploid
D) diploid
E) micro-

Question 24

In a biology lab experiment,you and the class planted seeds from eudicot and monocot plants in soil that had been sterilized,to remove nutrients.The seeds of each plant were still able to perform metabolism,enabling them to germinate and begin growing as seedlings.The structure that helped provide the nutrients is the

A) endosperm.
B) seed coat.
C) spore coat.
D) fruit.
E) pollen grain.

Question 25

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What adaptation did plants make in taking up water and minerals when they moved to dry land?

A) production of lignin
B) production of a cuticle
C) production of pollen
D) development of vascular tissue
E) development of stomata

Question 26

A gaseous hormone produced by plants that helps control fruit ripening is

A) dextrose.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) chlorophyll.
D) ethylene.
E) carotene.

Question 27

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms were in place.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

A) use of the wind to disperse pollen and seeds
B) Animals eating the plants helped to disperse both pollen and seeds.
C) use of the wind to disperse spores
D) use of water to disperse pollen and seeds
E) Flowers and fruits help protect and disperse both pollen and seeds.

Question 28

The fruits of plants primarily function in

A) Both seed protection and seed dispersal are correct.
B) providing food for animals.
C) Both providing food for animals and seed protection are correct.
D) seed dispersal.
E) seed protection.

Question 29

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What key adaptation distinguishes the ferns from the bryophytes?

A) The ferns are able to do photosynthesis.
B) Ferns do not require water to reproduce.
C) The ferns are also heterotrophs.
D) Ferns have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller.
E) Ferns go through alternation of generations.

Question 30

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.In sexual reproduction,an alga simply releases gametes into the water,and the current carries the sex cells to another individual.What adaptation did plants make in reproduction when they moved to dry land?

A) production of lignin
B) development of vascular tissue
C) production of a cuticle
D) production of pollen
E) development of stomata

Question 31

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms were in place.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

A) Animals became carnivores, allowing plants to survive.
B) Competition with animals helped spread pollen and seeds.
C) Animals died off, allowing more plants to survive.
D) Animals eating the plants helped to disperse both pollen and seeds.
E) Coevolution with animals helped spread pollen and seeds.

Question 32

In alternation of generations,a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ____ spores.

A) diploid
B) mega-
C) tetraploid
D) haploid
E) gameto-

Question 33

In alternation of generations,two haploid gametes fuse in fertilization to form a ____ zygote.

A) tetraploid
B) haploid
C) gametophytic
D) diploid
E) triploid

Question 34

The adaptations that are most responsible for gymnosperms and angiosperms being able to live and reproduce in much drier habitats than bryophytes and plants such as club mosses are the production of

A) seeds, spores, and fronds.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) spores and gemmae.
D) vascular tissue, spores, fronds, and gemmae.
E) pollen grains and seeds.

Question 35

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What adaptation did plants make in taking up gases without drying out when they moved to dry land?

A) development of vascular tissue
B) production of a cuticle
C) production of pollen
D) production of lignin
E) development of stomata

Question 36

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What advantage did angiosperms have over gymnosperms?

A) Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
B) Angiosperms go through alternation of generations.
C) Angiosperms have a vascular system, which allowed them to grow taller.
D) Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
E) The angiosperms can produce spores which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms.

Question 37

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What key adaptation distinguishes gymnosperms from ferns?

A) Gymnosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
B) Gymnosperms go through alternation of generations.
C) Gymnosperms have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller.
D) Gymnosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
E) The gymnosperms can grow larger gametophytes.

Question 38

Some evidence that algae are the closest relative to plants is that they both

A) use starch as a nutrient reserve.
B) have chloroplasts.
C) contain chlorophyll a.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) have cellulose-rich cell walls.

Question 39

In angiosperms,double fertilization

A) produces the four microspores in the male, and the four megaspores in the female.
B) results in the diploid zygote, and the triploid endosperm.
C) is a pairing of fertilization events, with one forming the sporophyte and the other forming the gametophyte.
D) must happen to the pollen, forming the male gametophyte, and also to the egg, forming the female gametophyte.
E) happens in the eudicot group of plants having two cotyledons.

Question 40

Flowers and fruits are unique to

A) gymnosperms.
B) conifers.
C) bryophytes.
D) angiosperms.
E) cycads.

Question 41

In suggesting alternative hypotheses to explain in the figure above,your lab partner states that perhaps mosses didn't evolve until recently,which is why they increase after herbs and shrubs.Which of the following would be the best response to your lab partner?

A) Mammoths probably ate the mosses, so they did not appear until after the mammoths went extinct.
B) If you look carefully at the graph, there were a few mosses present 300,000 years ago, so they probably arose then.
C) Moss increases in more recent years indicate an environmental shift to wetter growing conditions.
D) Mosses were actually the first land plants to appear.
E) Mosses are better adapted to dry climates.

Question 42

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.It is commonly used in plant research experiments.In one such experiment,an antifreeze protein from a species of bacteria was inserted into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana,and the plants exposed to freezing temperatures.Plants without the antifreeze protein had 90% mortality,while those with the antifreeze protein only had 20% mortality.What was the dependent variable in this experiment?

A) the percent of the plants surviving
B) the temperature
C) the bacteria
D) the presence or absence of the antifreeze proteins
E) Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 43

Many fern gametophytes are hermaphrodites,meaning they can produce both sperm and egg.Why is this necessary for a fern,but not for an angiosperm?

A) Angiosperm gametes are already diploid.
B) If a spore colonized a new habitat alone, it could still reproduce.
C) If a seed colonized a new habitat alone, it could still reproduce.
D) The gametophyte could produce multiple types of spores.
E) The gametophyte could produce multiple types of seeds.

Question 44

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.The fact that it has 139 genes that correspond to disease-causing genes in humans suggests which of the following?

A) Human and Arabidopsis thaliana cells have the same organelles.
B) Humans and Arabidopsis thaliana share a common ancestor.
C) Arabidopsis thaliana evolved from humans.
D) Arabidopsis thaliana and humans can swap genes through transduction.
E) Arabidopsis thaliana can cause diseases in humans.

Question 45

In the figure,the decrease of herbs (grasses)and increase in mosses would suggest that the climate in Siberia has become __________ in the past 10,000 years.

A) wetter
B) no environmentally different
C) colder
D) dryer
E) hotter

Question 46

In bryophytes,the sporophyte is conspicuous or dominant.

Question 47

Figuer:
Of the three plants measured in the figure,which requires water to allow sperm to swim to the egg?

A) shrubs
B) herbs
C) mosses
D) All of the plant groups rely on sperm swimming to the egg in water.
E) None of the plant groups rely on sperm swimming to the egg in water.

Question 48

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

A) heterotrophs
B) autotrophs
C) decomposers
D) primary consumers
E) detritovores

Question 49

Why did the authors choose to look specifically for vertebrate mitochondrial genes in their core samples?

A) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
B) They wanted to distinguish animal mitochondria from plant mitochondria.
C) Animals would have been present in Beringia before plants.
D) Animal cells do not have a nucleus.
E) Only vertebrates eat plants.

Question 50

Which of the following was the last to appear in the fossil record?

A) ferns and other seedless vascular plants
B) mosses and other bryophytes
C) all major groups of plants we see today
D) pines and other gymnosperms
E) angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 51

Stomata allow plants to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere.

Question 52

When studying an ancient ecosystem's organisms,what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

A) The freezing temperature preserves the DNA.
B) Areas with permafrost are older than other parts of the world, allowing scientists to collect samples back 1.5 to 2 million years.
C) The enzymes that make DNA are still active in the cells.
D) It is easier to take solid core samples.
E) Most plants and animals evolved in Siberia.

Question 53

Why did the authors choose to look for the rubisco gene in the DNA samples taken from permafrost?

A) Plant cells do not have mitochondria.
B) It is used in respiration by all plants.
C) It is used in photosynthesis by all plants.
D) Plant cells do not have a nucleus.
E) It is only present in angiosperms (flowering plants).

Question 54

Molecular evidence suggests that plants and green algae do not descend from a common ancestor.