Question 1

In ethnographic fieldwork,information supplied by the participants in a study is known as&#10;A)emic data.&#10;B)negotiation data.&#10;C)etic data.&#10;D)fieldwork data.

Accepted Answer

In ethnographic fieldwork, information supplied by the participants in a study is known as emic data. Emic data refers to data collected from within a cultural or social group, using participants' own perspectives and language. This is in contrast to etic data, which refers to data collected from outside a particular cultural or social group, using objective observations and measurements.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best indicator of higher quality in ethnography?&#10;A)The researcher identifies one or two concepts as the focus.&#10;B)The researcher identifies in many diverse concepts being explored.&#10;C)The researcher remains in the background of the report.&#10;D)The researcher collects one form of data,interviews.

Accepted Answer

The identification and exploration of many diverse concepts in ethnography demonstrate a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the subject being studied, and therefore represents a higher quality of research. A narrow focus on only one or two concepts would likely result in limited and incomplete findings. The researcher remaining in the background does not necessarily indicate higher quality, as their involvement may be necessary to provide context and interpretation. The collection of only one form of data, such as interviews, also limits the scope and depth of the research.

Question 3

A researcher decides to study individuals with learning disabilities in an elementary school with the intent of advocating for this group of children.The type of ethnographic design is&#10;A)a case study.&#10;B)a realist ethnography.&#10;C)a critical ethnography.&#10;D)an autoethnography.

Accepted Answer

A critical ethnography is an approach that seeks to understand power dynamics and oppression within a particular community or setting. In this case, the researcher's intent to advocate for a group of children with learning disabilities suggests a desire to challenge the prevailing power dynamics that may disadvantage this group. By using a critical ethnography approach, the researcher can more fully explore the experiences and perspectives of these children and their families within the school system, and use this insight to advocate for more equitable treatment and access to resources.

Question 4

The following are typically forms of collecting data in an ethnography EXCEPT&#10;A)A questionnaire&#10;B)An observation&#10;C)A structured instrument&#10;D)A focus group interview

Accepted Answer

A structured instrument is not typically used in an ethnography because it involves a fixed set of questions and does not allow for the exploration of the culture or group being studied in a more holistic or open-ended way. The other options - a questionnaire, observation, and focus group interview - are commonly used in ethnographic research to gather data.

Question 5

An ethnographer decides to study the attitudes of teachers in a school toward the issue of autonomy in their classrooms.Of the following patterns that might be examined,which one best represents what the researcher hopes to learn?

A)How the teachers talk about autonomy
B)What the teachers believe about autonomy
C)Whether the teachers act autonomously
D)How the attitudes of teachers have changed

Accepted Answer

The researcher is interested in the attitudes of the teachers, which is a belief or opinion. Option A examines how the teachers talk about autonomy, which could reveal some information about their attitudes, but it does not directly capture their beliefs. Option C focuses on their actions and not their attitudes, so it is not the best choice. Option D looks at changes over time, but it does not examine the attitudes of teachers directly.

Question 6

A researcher conducts an ethnographic study of three high schools who have introduced AIDS education into their curricula.What type of case study is this?&#10;A)A curriculum case study&#10;B)An intrinsic case study&#10;C)An instrumental case study&#10;D)A collective case study

Accepted Answer

This is a collective case study as the researcher is studying three high schools, rather than a single case, and is comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences between them in terms of their AIDS education curricula.

Question 7

How would you adjust this ethnographic purpose statement to change the study to a grounded theory project?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would you adjust this ethnographic purpose...

Question 8

When we think about the origins of ethnography in education,we consider how it was applied in education from what two disciplines?&#10;A)Sociology and anthropology&#10;B)Linguistics and philosophy&#10;C)Sociology and education&#10;D)Anthropology and international studies

Accepted Answer

Ethnography in education originated from the disciplines of sociology and anthropology. Ethnography involves studying a culture or community from an insider's perspective, and both sociology and anthropology have traditionally focused on understanding the social and cultural aspects of society. Therefore, it makes sense that ethnography would be applied in education from these two disciplines.

Question 9

Reflexivity in ethnography means:&#10;A)The researcher has good reflexes and can sense things.&#10;B)The researcher openly discusses the participant views.&#10;C)The researcher openly discusses her or his role in the study.&#10;D)The researcher comments on why he/she undertook the study

Accepted Answer

Reflexivity in ethnography refers to the researcher's acknowledgement and discussion of their own role and biases in the study. This involves critically examining their own position and how it may affect the data and interpretation of findings. Option A is incorrect as it is not related to the concept of reflexivity in ethnography. Option B is partially correct, as open discussion of participant views is part of reflexivity, but not the complete definition. Option D is incorrect as it only addresses the reason for undertaking the study and not reflexivity.

Question 10

When conducting an ethnography of a music class in a junior high,qualitative researchers are most likely to engage in what step?&#10;A)Include all participants within the junior high.&#10;B)Focus on the patterns of behavior of individuals.&#10;C)Collect data at their offices rather than the site.&#10;D)Describes how the class works during a week

Accepted Answer

Describing how the class works during a week is a common step in conducting an ethnography, as it allows the researcher to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and routines of the class. This step often involves observing the class for an extended period and taking notes on the activities, interactions, and communication that occur among students and teachers. Collecting data at the site is also crucial as it allows the researcher to observe the dynamics of the class firsthand and collect data on the interactions, relationships, and culture within the class. Including all participants is not always possible or necessary, and focusing on individuals may miss the broader context of how the class works as a whole.

Question 11

A culture-sharing group in an ethnography can be described as&#10;A)a group of students in the same school in the same town.&#10;B)a group of athletes who have spent the soccer season together.&#10;C)a group of teachers from different schools.&#10;D)a group of counselors located at schools in the district.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A culture-sharing group in an ethnography can...

Question 12

A qualitative researcher conducts an in depth analysis of a gifted program in an elementary school.This study involves how the children are selected,their experiences,and the outcomes at the end of the sixth grade.The type of ethnographic design is

A)a case study.
B)a realist ethnography.
C)a critical ethnography.
D)an autoethnography.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A qualitative researcher conducts an in depth...

Question 13

Which of the following is a procedural characteristic of critical ethnography?&#10;A)Focus on one individual and the cultural context of his or her life.&#10;B)Advocate for change so that people are less oppressed and marginalized.&#10;C)Produce participants' views from carefully edited quotations.&#10;D)Focus on a critical,reflective self-examination within the researcher's own culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a procedural...

Question 14

Why are ethical issues in ethnography often associated with the data collection phase of research?&#10;A)In data collection,this phase is the most rigorous aspect of the research.&#10;B)In data collection,ethnographers often are invasive of personal space.&#10;C)In data collection,ethnographers often spend extensive time in the field.&#10;D)In data collection,ethnographers ask personal questions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are ethical issues in ethnography often...

Question 15

Fieldwork in ethnographic research means&#10;A)that qualitative researchers tend to go out in the field.&#10;B)that qualitative researchers gather data in the field.&#10;C)that qualitative researchers work from participant views.&#10;D)that qualitative researchers engage in analyzing field data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fieldwork in ethnographic research means&#10;A)that qualitative researchers...

Question 16

A researcher is conducing a case study of three teachers within a school.Which of the following data collection procedures is the researcher most likely to take?&#10;A)Spend at least four months in the classrooms collecting data.&#10;B)Emphasize fieldnotes and observations of the school's cultural scene.&#10;C)Focus on active collaboration between the researcher and teachers.&#10;D)Collect as many types of data as possible for an in-depth understanding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is conducing a case study...

Question 17

An ethnographer concludes a study with an interpretation of the shared patterns of behavior of teenage skateboarders in a middle school.What aspects is this ethnographer likely to include in this interpretation?

A)A cultural theme that provided a framework for the study
B)An identification of three patterns of behavior shown by the teenagers
C)A detailed description of the challenges skateboarders give themselves
D)The personal meaning of skateboarding for each teenager

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ethnographer concludes a study with an...

Question 18

What is the culture-sharing group that this researcher is exploring?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the culture-sharing group that this...

Question 19

An ethnography can be distinguished from a grounded theory study in qualitative research by&#10;A)the use of participants' views.&#10;B)the study of a cultural group.&#10;C)analysis based on themes or patterns.&#10;D)the focus on culturally-selected individuals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ethnography can be distinguished from a...

Question 20

In Tables 1 and 2 you can see detailed information about the students and their parents in the small school.In terms of ethnographic results,how would you characterize this information?&#10;A)It shows the reflexivity of the researcher.&#10;B)It shows the researcher's attention to detail.&#10;C)It shows description in an ethnography.&#10;D)It summarizes tabled information about the students and parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Tables 1 and 2 you can...

Deck 14: Ethnographic Designs