Deck 20: Nutrition During Adulthood

Question 1

Maude is losing her sense of taste and smell.Which of the following is true about her situation?

A)Taste and smell typically do not decrease with aging.
B)She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices.
C)She will have to learn to accept that food will taste more bland.
D)She eventually will not be able to smell and taste food.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After age ______ or so,total kilocalorie needs of physically inactive adults fall steadily throughout adulthood.

A)20
B)30
C)50
D)70

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A genetic tendency toward efficient use of energy that results in below-average energy requirements and increased storage of calories as fat is called

A)energy reserve.
B)thrifty metabolism.
C)homeostasis.
D)thrifty reserve.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A "standard drink" provides about 14 grams of alcohol.Which of the following is standard alcoholic drink size for alcoholic beverages?

A)24 oz.regular beer
B)5 oz.table wine
C)3 oz.shot of hard alcohol ("spirits")
D)22 oz.malt liquor

Question 5

The foundation for a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health would emphasize

A)high-fat dairy products.
B)a variety of fruits and vegetables.
C)refined-grain breads and cereals.
D)animal proteins high in saturated fat.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about aging?

A)Aging is a disease.
B)Models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C)The rate of aging is based on heredity and no amount of lifestyle modification can alter it.
D)Development of chronic disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging.

Question 7

Among the older population,the fastest growing age group is

A)60 to 65.
B)65 to 75.
C)75 to 80.
D)85 and older.

Question 8

In the aging process,optimal functioning of body organs decreases,but it may be years before this organ decline is noticeable.This phenomena is referred to as

A)compression of morbidity.
B)homeostasis.
C)reserve capacity.
D)organ repression.

Question 9

Striving to have the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest of illness is referred to as

A)maintaining homeostasis.
B)usual aging.
C)compression of morbidity.
D)reserve capacity.

Question 10

Currently,life expectancy in North America is about ______ years for men and ______ for women.

A)78;71
B)75;75
C)78;80
D)76;81

Question 11

Which of the following is true about U.S.dietary intake patterns since the mid-1950s?

A)We are eating less cheese.
B)We are consuming less saturated fat.
C)We are eating more eggs.
D)We are eating less chicken and fish.

Question 12

Which of the following would be included in a basic plan for health promotion and disease prevention?

A)Getting 4-6 hours of sleep a night.
B)Consuming a plant-based dietary pattern
C)Smoking e-cigarettes
D)Consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily

Question 13

Which of the following isa theory on aging?

A)Errors occur in copying DNA for making protein.
B)Levels of sex hormones,such as testosterone,become too high as one ages.
C)The immune system becomes more efficient at preventing disease.
D)Connective tissue becomes more flexible over time.

Question 14

The maximum number of years a human can live is called

A)life morbidity.
B)life span.
C)life cycle staging.
D)life expectancy.

Question 15

Sara is a middle-aged woman of Northern European descent and is quite small in stature.She eats plenty of fruits,vegetables,whole grains,legumes,and lean meats.What else could she do to live a more health-promoting lifestyle?

A)Take vitamin and mineral supplements.
B)Eat more vitamin E-laden fruits and vegetables.
C)Eat more red meat.
D)Consume plenty of low-fat milk and dairy products.

Question 16

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process.Which of the following nutrients protects cells from these compounds?

A)Magnesium
B)Vitamin B-12
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Question 17

Which of the following is not a key recommendation by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A)Follow a healthy eating pattern across the life span.
B)Shift to processed food and beverage choices.
C)Focus on variety,nutrient density,and amount.
D)Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.

Question 18

Aging most likely is the result of

A)slow cell death.
B)acute death of an organ.
C)complete death of the immune system.
D)slow cell multiplication.

Question 19

A mineral that is often deficient in adults' diets and is linked to bone health,muscle function,mental health,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes is

A)calcium.
B)zinc.
C)magnesium.
D)iron.

Question 20

The ______ diet features abundant daily intake of fruits,vegetables,whole grains,beans,nuts,and seeds.

A)Atkins
B)Mediterranean
C)Ketogenic
D)Western

Question 21

Long-term aspirin use by an elderly person could increase the need for what nutrient?

A)Calcium
B)Potassium
C)Thiamin
D)Iron

Question 22

A single older adult who has been losing weight involuntarily may benefit from

A)participation in a congregate meal program.
B)antidepressant medications.
C)bed rest.
D)low-dose aspirin.

Question 23

Edna,age 75,does not tolerate dairy products well.Which of the following practices would be most appropriate for Edna to increase calcium levels?

A)Eat more meat
B)Decrease protein intake
C)Eliminate all dairy
D)Consume small amounts of milk at mealtime

Question 24

Loss of lean body mass is termed

A)sarcopenia.
B)ketosis.
C)hypertrophy.
D)myoglobinosis.

Question 25

Consuming adequate protein and ______ helps maximize the health of the immune system in elderly individuals.

A)selenium
B)copper
C)calcium
D)zinc

Question 26

Barbara is 65 years of age and her doctor finds her mental function is declining.Which of the following may significantly impact mental status?

A)Avoiding brain games
B)Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
C)Eating a primary plant-based diet
D)Taking nutrition supplements

Question 27

The percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs is

A)25.
B)35.
C)50.
D)65.

Question 28

Which of the following would not benefit an Alzheimer's patient?

A)Regular physical activity
B)Limiting all sun exposure
C)Eating fish two times per week
D)Limiting intake of saturated and trans fat

Question 29

Gary takes a diuretic to control blood pressure,aspirin to prevent blood clots,and an antibiotic for a recent sinus infection.Which of these may affect his vitamin needs?

A)Diuretic
B)Aspirin
C)Antibiotic
D)Laxative

Question 30

Food habits of older adults may be influenced by

A)reduced taste sensitivity.
B)increased physical mobility.
C)enhanced thirst response.
D)production of melatonin.

Question 31

Mack is constipated.Safe recommendations to alleviate constipation include

A)eating 50 grams of fiber per day.
B)drinking more fluid.
C)using mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D)eating more refined grains.

Question 32

Declining function of the ______ system directly affects an older adult's ability to shop for,prepare,and consume foods at home.

A)immune
B)reproductive
C)endocrine
D)nervous

Question 33

Compared to individuals aged 19 to 50,adults over the age of 70 need _____ vitamin D.

A)less
B)the same amount of
C)no
D)

Question 34

The most common type of malnutrition during the adult years is ______ deficiency.

A)vitamin K
B)phytochemical
C)vitamin C
D)iron

Question 35

Which of the following is not associated with aging.

A)The liver's detoxifying capacity deteriorates.
B)The tendency to develop gallstones increases.
C)High chromium intake impairs glucose tolerance.
D)The digestive functions of the pancreas may decline.

Question 36

The physiological changes of aging that decrease nutrient utilization include

A)increased appetite.
B)increased liver function.
C)increased body water.
D)poor dentition.

Question 37

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by

A)taking amino acid supplements.
B)a fitness plan that includes resistance exercise.
C)eating a lot of kilocalories.
D)taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 38

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?

A)Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.
B)Elderly people rarely become dehydrated because the sense of thirst is enhanced as people age.
C)About 6 cups of fluid per day is a good goal for elderly people.
D)Diuretics do not affect the elderly person's fluid requirement.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of the ways medications have been shown to affect nutritional status?

A)Some antihypertensive medications decrease appetite.
B)Long-term use of antibiotics can decrease the population of bacteria that synthesizes vitamin K.
C)Use of oral contraceptives can decrease a woman's requirements for iron.
D)Some pain medications can cause blood clots,resulting in anemia.

Question 40

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing.Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

A)Toast
B)Clear bouillon
C)Sirloin steak
D)Low-fat yogurt

Question 41

The dietary manipulation that is related most significantly to longevity in animal studies is

A)protein restriction.
B)low fat intake.
C)calorie restriction.
D)high carbohydrate intake.

Question 42

Life span refers to

A)the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year.
B)the promotion of longevity through healthful lifestyle changes.
C)the delay of the onset of disabilities caused by chronic disease.
D)the maximum number of years humans live.

Question 43

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation,defined as the consumption of up to ______ drink(s)per day for women and older adults and up to ______ drink(s)per day for men.

A)0;1
B)1;2
C)2;3
D)3;4

Question 44

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism?

A)Brain
B)Stomach
C)Liver
D)Kidneys

Question 45

Which of the following is not a practical suggestion for a single individual planning his or her diet?

A)Buying small containers of food
B)Cooking large amounts of food,dividing it into small portions,and freezing it
C)Buying family-sized packages of meat
D)Buying fruits at various stages of ripeness

Question 46

Excess kilocalorie intake ______ the rate of body breakdown associated with aging.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)does not affect

Question 47

A loss of muscle mass accompanied by gains in fat mass is called

A)sarcopenic obesity.
B)hypertrophy.
C)sarcopenia.
D)visceral obesity.

Question 48

Which of the following typically increases with aging?

A)Thirst
B)Lean tissue levels
C)Immune function
D)Fat stores

Question 49

Which of the following is true about alcohol consumption by the elderly?

A)It is absorbed only in the small intestine.
B)Alcohol absorption is independent of the amount of stomach contents.
C)Most of the alcohol is metabolized by the kidney.
D)Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.

Question 50

Studies suggest that about ______ of a person's risk for developing alcohol-related disorders is genetic.

A)10%
B)25%
C)40%
D)65%

Question 51

Which of the following is not part of the DETERMINE acronym?

A)Eating poorly
B)Depression
C)Economic hardship
D)Multiple medications

Question 52

Meals provided by congregate or home-delivered meal programs are designed to provide ______ of the RDA or AI for nutrients.

A)100%
B)one-half
C)one-fourth
D)one-third

Question 53

Elements of the Go4Life campaign from the National Institute on Aging include endurance,strength,balance,and

A)nutrient density.
B)flexibility.
C)yoga.
D)mindfulness.

Question 54

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer's disease?

A)High intakes of aluminum can cause it.
B)High intakes of choline and lecithin are associated with improvement in the condition.
C)It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.
D)Diet can prevent this condition.

Question 55

A person with a deficiency of alcohol dehydrogenase would

A)be able to pass a breathalyzer test even with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or higher.
B)become intoxicated at low levels of alcohol intake.
C)feel ill due to an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood.
D)have a high tolerance for alcohol.

Question 56

The disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver and replacement of functioning liver cells with fibrous connective tissue is known as

A)liver cancer.
B)Crohn's disease.
C)cirrhosis.
D)hepatitis.

Question 57

For those over 40 years of age,an exercise program should include

A)physician clearance.
B)strength training only.
C)limited flexibility.
D)pushing through the pain.

Question 58

Life expectancy refers to

A)the delay of the onset of disabilities caused by chronic disease.
B)the promotion of longevity through healthful lifestyle changes.
C)the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year.
D)the maximum number of years humans live.

Question 59

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients compared to their younger counterparts but fewer kilocalories,they should focus on diet plans that emphasize

A)nutrient density.
B)energy density.
C)liquid calories.
D)fat.

Question 60

Meals on Wheels is a nutrition program that

A)serves meals to older adults in a congregate setting.
B)provides nutrition education to older adults in senior centers.
C)collects leftover food from restaurants and grocery stores.
D)delivers meals to older adults in their homes.

Question 61

Which of the following is not a component of the Mediterranean diet?

A)Abstinence from alcohol
B)Plentiful intake of fruits and vegetables
C)Olive oil
D)Frequent consumption of fish

Question 62

Research suggests that older adults require ______ the current RDA for protein for adults.

A)more than
B)less than
C)the same amount as

Question 63

When it comes to alcohol,men are advised to consume no more than ______ drink(s)per day.

A)1
B)4
C)5
D)2

Question 66

When it comes to alcohol,women are advised to consume no more than ______ drink(s)per day.

A)4
B)1
C)5
D)2

Question 67

Regular exercise along with adequate intakes of fluid and fiber are lifestyle strategies to prevent or treat

A)osteoarthritis.
B)diarrhea.
C)gallstones.
D)constipation.

Question 68

Declining production of stomach acid and intrinsic factor increase the risk for deficiency of ______ among older adults.

A)vitamin B-12
B)iron
C)vitamin B-6
D)calcium

Question 69

Of all alcohol sources,______ often is singled out as the best choice because of the added bonus of the many phytochemicals present.

A)white wine
B)dark beer
C)red wine
D)hard cider