Deck 12: Micronutrient Function in Energy Metabolism

Question 1

Pellagra is characterized by

A)diarrhea.
B)dementia.
C)dermatitis.
D)All the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Typically,about 50% to 90% of the B vitamins in the diet are absorbed.In other words,B vitamins have high

A)essentiality.
B)bioavailability.
C)utilization.
D)metabolism.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The nutrient that prevents beriberi is

A)vitamin B-12.
B)niacin.
C)riboflavin.
D)thiamin.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following are the best thiamin sources?

A)Pork,whole grains,enriched grain products,and legumes
B)Root vegetables,cheddar-type cheese,and deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables
C)Seafood,vegetables of the cabbage family,and whole grains
D)Milk,beef,and deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables

Question 5

Symptoms of ______ deficiency include glossitis,dermatitis,cheilosis,eye disorders,sun sensitivity,and confusion.

A)thiamin
B)niacin
C)riboflavin
D)folate

Question 6

Because B vitamins are ______,very little is stored and excess intakes end up in the urine or stool.

A)non-toxic
B)dissolvable
C)fat soluble
D)water soluble

Question 7

The body can produce niacin from the amino acid

A)alanine.
B)phenylalanine.
C)tryptophan.
D)tyrosine.

Question 8

In the United States,bread and cereal products made from milled grains are enriched with the vitamins _______ and with the mineral iron.

A)A,D,and E
B)thiamin,niacin,and riboflavin
C)A,C,and K
D)folate,choline,and B-12

Question 9

A ______ is an organic compound that aids enzyme function by combining with an inactive enzyme to form a catalytically active form.

A)zymogen
B)precursor
C)coenzyme
D)vitamin

Question 10

In the body,the amino acid tryptophan can be converted into

A)niacin.
B)thiamin.
C)vitamin B-6.
D)riboflavin.

Question 11

Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease

A)pernicious anemia.
B)beriberi.
C)scurvy.
D)pellagra.

Question 12

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the release of energy from carbohydrates as well as the synthesis of RNA,DNA,and some neurotransmitters.

A)Thiamin
B)Pyridoxine
C)Niacin
D)Riboflavin

Question 13

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods.The most nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

A)milk.
B)pork.
C)whole grain cereals.
D)dark green vegetables.

Question 14

In the process of milling grains to make refined products,seeds are crushed and the germ,bran,and husk layers are discarded.This leaves only the starch-containing _______ in the refined grains.

A)endosperm
B)cereal
C)cellulose
D)fiber

Question 15

What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency?

A)Pellagra
B)Scurvy
C)Kwashiorkor
D)Beriberi

Question 16

Beriberi is caused by a ______ deficiency.

A)thiamin
B)vitamin B-6
C)niacin
D)choline

Question 17

The vitamin required specifically in carbohydrate metabolism is

A)folate.
B)niacin.
C)riboflavin.
D)thiamin.

Question 18

Bill's physician has written a prescription for 1.5 grams of nicotinic acid (a form of niacin)per day.Which of the following is a benefit of high doses of niacin?

A)It is a potent antioxidant.
B)It can lower blood pressure.
C)It can lower blood sugar levels.
D)It can lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 19

The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are

A)meats.
B)whole grain cereals.
C)milk and dairy products.
D)dark green leafy vegetables.

Question 20

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially important in amino acid metabolism,neurotransmitter synthesis,and the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin.

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Thiamin
D)Riboflavin

Question 21

Megadoses of ________ may be used to lower cholesterol,but they can cause flushing of the skin.

A)pyridoxine
B)nicotinic acid
C)riboflavin
D)pantothenic acid

Question 22

A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of

A)copper.
B)magnesium.
C)sodium.
D)iodine.

Question 23

In North America,which of the following populations is most susceptible to deficiencies of B vitamins?

A)Vegans
B)Pregnant women
C)Preschoool children
D)Alcoholics

Question 24

A pantothenic acid deficiency

A)is very unlikely because of its widespread availability.
B)is very likely.
C)occurs commonly in children.
D)occurs commonly in the elderly.

Question 25

Which of the following is likely to cause chromium toxicity?

A)Exposure to industrial waste
B)Daily consumption of egg yolks
C)Daily consumption of Brazil nuts
D)All of these lead to chromium toxicity.

Question 26

A severe iodine deficiency during early pregnancy may result in an infant afflicted with

A)scurvy.
B)rickets.
C)congenital hypothyroidism.
D)xerophthalmia.

Question 27

______ is unique among the B vitamins because bacterial synthesis of the vitamin contributes to meeting human needs.

A)Folate
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Biotin

Question 28

A deficiency of _______ results in impaired glucose tolerance and elevated blood cholesterol.

A)thiamin
B)iodine
C)chromium
D)biotin

Question 29

The best vitamin B-6 food sources include

A)enriched breads and cereals.
B)milk and other dairy products.
C)meat,fish,and poultry.
D)deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables.

Question 30

_________ is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone.Lack of it will lead to a goiter.

A)Chromium
B)Biotin
C)Iodine
D)Fluoride

Question 31

Which of the following is the best food source of riboflavin?

A)Milk
B)Lean ham
C)Carrots
D)Canola oil

Question 32

People who eat large amounts of seaweed can consume toxic levels of which trace mineral?

A)Selenium
B)Iron
C)Zinc
D)Iodine

Question 33

Which of the following is a good chromium source?

A)Cherries
B)Whole grain
C)Enriched,refined grains
D)Drinking water

Question 34

Which B vitamin is required for amino acid metabolism?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 35

Biotin absorption is inhibited by

A)phytate.
B)oxalate.
C)avidin.
D)copper.

Question 36

A deficiency of vitamin B-6 can result in depression,headaches,and confusion.These occur because of impaired

A)hemoglobin synthesis.
B)glucose metabolism.
C)neurotransmitter synthesis.
D)DNA synthesis.

Question 37

The vitamin that aids in activating fatty acids so they can yield energy is

A)pantothenic acid.
B)biotin.
C)vitamin B-6.
D)thiamin.

Question 38

Taking megadose supplements of vitamin B-6 can lead to

A)liver damage.
B)nerve damage.
C)kidney damage.
D)ulcers.

Question 39

Consistently consuming raw egg whites,as in a daily high-protein drink,can bind and result in deficiency.

A)folate
B)vitamin B-6
C)pantothenic acid
D)biotin

Question 40

A major source of iodine in the North American diet is

A)seaweed.
B)sea salt.
C)table salt.
D)carbonated soft drinks.

Question 41

Soybeans,egg yolks,meats,and lecithin are sources of

A)riboflavin.
B)choline.
C)chromium.
D)iodine.

Question 42

Which of the following body systems is particularly sensitive to choline status?

A)Skeletal system
B)Immune system
C)Nervous system
D)Digestive system

Question 43

Risk of molybdenum toxicity risk in humans is quite low.

Question 44

The apparent role of _______ in prevention of birth defects is similar to that of folate.

A)manganese
B)molybdenum
C)choline
D)pantothenic acid

Question 45

A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the United States may be linked to

A)impaired glucose tolerance.
B)elevated calcitriol levels.
C)lowered serum cholesterol levels.
D)elevated blood pressure.

Question 46

Manganese is not toxic at high doses.

Question 47

Which of the following is a role of choline in human health?

A)Synthesis of neurotransmitters
B)Transport of lipids
C)Structure of cell membranes
D)All these are functions of choline.

Question 48

Manganese is required as a cofactor for synthesis of _______ and metabolism of some _______.

A)glucose;amino acids
B)protein;fatty acids
C)starch;bile acids
D)cholesterol;triglycerides