Deck 25: Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers

Question 1

A polymer made in a polymerization reaction that also produces small molecules (such as water)is classified as

A)an addition polymer
B)a natural polymer.
C)a condensation polymer.
D)an elimination polymer.
E)a copolymer.

Answer 1

a condensation polymer.

Question 2

Which of the following polymers has an isotactic structure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What structural feature is required to have an isotactic or syndiotactic carbon-based polymer?

A)A repeating unit that contains an asymmetric carbon
B)A repeating unit that contains a double bond
C)A repeating unit that contains a triple bond
D)A repeating unit that contains an aromatic hydrocarbon
E)A repeating unit that contains an atom other than carbon

Answer 3

A repeating unit that contains an asymmetric carbon

Question 4

Which polymerization shown takes place by a condensation reaction?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)None of the above

Question 5

Which option represents a cross-linked polymer?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 6

The only true hydrocarbon polymer found in nature is

A)rubber
B)nylon
C)Tyvek
D)polystyrene
E)neoprene

Question 7

Acrylonitrile results from the polymerization of

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 8

A protein is

A)a polysaccharide.
B)a saturated ester of glycerol.
C)one of the units making up a nucleic acid.
D)a polymer of amino acids.
E)an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Question 9

Poly(vinyl chloride)results from the polymerization of

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 10

Polypropene results from the polymerization of

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 11

Which polymerization shown takes place by a radical mechanism?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)None of the above

Question 12

Which one of these molecules could not serve as a monomer for an addition polymer?

A)ClCH=CH₂
B)H₂C=CH-CN
C)H₂C=CH-C₆H₅
D)
E)

Question 13

Polystyrene results from the polymerization of

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 14

The segment represents the polymer named

A)polybutylene.
B)polyvinyl chloride.
C)polypropylene.
D)polystyrene.
E)polyethylene.

Question 15

Which of the following polymers has a syndiotactic structure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 16

Which statement is false concerning a Natta-Ziegler catalyst?

A)A Natta-Ziegler catalyst can be used to promote a polymerization that is selective for isotactic or syndiotactic polymer.
B)A Natta-Ziegler catalyst containing [Al(C₂H₅)₃] and TiCl₃ can be used to promote the formation of specific isomers in a polymerization.
C)A Natta-Ziegler catalyst is used to make a polymerization thermodynamically favorable.
D)A Natta-Ziegler catalyst has been used by chemists to design polymers with different properties.

Question 17

Which of the following polymers is formed by a condensation process?

A)PVC
B)nylon
C)Teflon
D)Plexiglas
E)neoprene

Question 18

The polymer formed from the monomer CH₂=CH-CN is

A)
B)(CH₂=CHCN)_n
C)(CH₂=CH=CN)_n
D)

Question 19

Which of the following polymers has an atactic structure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 20

The segment represents the polymer named

A)polybutylene.
B)polyvinyl chloride.
C)polypropylene.
D)polystyrene.
E)polyethylene.

Question 21

The backbone of a strand of nucleic acid consists of

A)phosphate units only.
B)phosphate and sugar units.
C)polyester.
D)phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base units.
E)sugar units only.

Question 22

Which one of these molecules is part of the make-up of both DNA and RNA?

A)deoxyribose
B)ribose
C)phosphate
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 23

Which of the structures below corresponds to the dipeptide alanylcysteine? The parent amino acids are shown below.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 24

A peptide bond (also called an amide bond)joins two amino acids together.What atoms are linked by this bond?

A)C - O
B)C - H
C)C - N
D)N - S
E)S - C

Question 25

Cysteine and methionine are unique among the twenty essential amino acids in that they

A)are chiral.
B)contain an aromatic ring.
C)do not form dipolar ions.
D)contain sulfur.
E)cannot join with other amino acids to form peptides.

Question 26

An essential amino acid is one that

A)must be included in the diet.
B)contains no sulfur.
C)occurs in all types of proteins.
D)is necessary for vitamin production.
E)the body can synthesize.

Question 27

Phosphorus is an essential mineral element.It is an important atom in which one of the following?

A)amino acids
B)proteins
C)polyethylene
D)nylon
E)DNA

Question 28

The secondary structure of a protein is the

A)configuration of those parts of the chain stabilized by a regular pattern of covalent bonds between C and O groups of the backbone of the chain.
B)configuration of those parts of the chain stabilized by a regular pattern of hydrogen bonds between CO and NH groups of the backbone of the chain.
C)specific order of amino acids in the chain.
D)overall three-dimensional structure of the molecule.
E)overall arrangement of several polypeptide chains into one functional unit.

Question 29

A protein that has been reversibly denatured has

A)temporarily lost part or all of its secondary or tertiary structure.
B)temporarily lost part or all of its primary structure.
C)been genetically modified due to errors in the nucleotides in the parent DNA.
D)temporarily lost its amino acid residues.
E)temporarily lost the hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases.

Question 30

Which one of these choices is the general structural formula of an amino acid?

A)
B)R-CH₂-NH₂
C)
D)

Question 31

Which choice lists both the sugar and the nitrogen base that are a part of RNA but are not a part of DNA?

A)deoxyribose and thymine
B)ribose and deoxyribose
C)ribose and uracil
D)uracil and thymine
E)ribose and thymine

Question 32

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)adenine
B)cytosine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 33

The intermolecular force between bases on the opposite strands of DNA responsible for its double-helical structure is

A)hydrogen bonding.
B)dispersion force.
C)covalent bonding.
D)ionic force.
E)dipole-dipole force.

Question 34

An amino acid is a compound that contains at least

A)one amino group and one amide group.
B)two amino groups and one carboxylic acid group.
C)one hydroxyl group and one methyl group.
D)one carboxylic acid group and one amino group.
E)one methyl group and one amide group.

Question 35

Which of the structures below corresponds to the dipeptide cysteylananine? The parent amino acids are shown below.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 36

What type of polymer is represented by the following repeating segment?

A)polyamide
B)polyester
C)polyether
D)polyolefin
E)polyethylene

Question 37

The functional group found in proteins is called a (an)

A)amide.
B)carboxylic acid.
C)amine.
D)amino acid.
E)dipeptide.

Question 38

Which one of these materials is a copolymer?

A)Styrene-butadiene
B)polyvinyl chloride
C)polypropylene
D)poly-cis-isoprene
E)polyethylene

Question 39

Which of these molecules is a product of the hydrolysis of DNA?

A)acetic acid
B)glucose
C)adenine
D)ribose
E)water

Question 40

Which choice contains all three molecular units found in nucleotides?

A)phosphate, sugar, amino acid
B)amino acid, nitrogen-containing base, sugar
C)carboxylic acid, sugar, protein
D)phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, sugar
E)sugar, amino acid, protein

Question 41

Amides are synthesized from two classes of organic compounds.Those two types of compounds are

A)carboxylic acids and alkenes.
B)amines and alcohols.
C)alcohols and carboxylic acids.
D)amines and carboxylic acids.
E)alkenes and amines.

Question 42

Proteins occurring in the $\beta$ -pleated sheet structure

A)are relatively inelastic.
B)never occur in nature.
C)produce structurally weak materials.
D)contain no peptide bonds.
E)are not involved in hydrogen bonds.

Question 43

The monomer used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)is CHCl=CHCl.

Question 44

Both DNA and RNA have double-helical structures.

Question 45

The primary structure of a protein refers to the unique amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about the binding of oxygen to deoxyhemoglobin is correct?

A)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pulls the iron ion into the porphyrin ring, decreasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
B)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pushes the iron ion out of the porphyrin ring, decreasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
C)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pulls the iron ion into the porphyrin ring, increasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
D)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pushes the iron ion out of the porphyrin ring, increasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
E)Oxygen does not bind to deoxyhemoglobin.

Question 47

Hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, ionic forces, and dipole-dipole forces all affect the structure of a protein?

Question 48

Draw the structural formula of the monomer that would be used to prepare the following
polymer (Teflon):

Question 49

Write an equation for the reaction of the diamine and di-carboxylic acid shown below, and show the structure of the nylon polymer that would be formed.

Question 50

The following amino acids all have nonpolar side chains.