Deck 12: Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Question 1

The functional group illustrated by R-OH is an

A)alkyl.
B)alcohol.
C)ether.
D)ester.
E)aldehyde.

Answer 1

alcohol.

Question 2

Describe the unique characteristics of carbon that make it the basis of such a large number of organic compounds.

Answer 2

It has four valence electrons and is a very small atom,so it always forms four strong covalent bonds.It bonds with other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings.

Question 3

Which atom is most likely to form a polar covalent bond with carbon?

A)C
B)H
C)Na
D)S
E)O

Answer 3

O

Question 4

Which family of organic molecules is a hydrocarbon?

A)alcohol
B)aldehyde
C)amide
D)amine
E)aromatic

Question 5

All of the following statements are general properties of organic compounds except

A)the bonds are covalent.
B)they have relatively low boiling points.
C)they have limited or no water solubility.
D)they usually behave as electrolytes in solution.
E)they have relatively low melting points.

Question 6

Which family of organic compounds does not contain any multiple bonds?

A)alkyl halides
B)alkenes
C)alkynes
D)aldehydes
E)ketones

Question 7

All of the families below include functional groups which contain oxygen except

A)carboxylic acids.
B)alkyl halides.
C)esters.
D)ethers.
E)ketones.

Question 8

Which functional group does not contain oxygen?

A)alcohol
B)amine
C)carboxylic acid
D)ester
E)ketone

Question 9

The alcohol functional group has

A)a carbon-carbon triple bond.
B)a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen group.
C)a six-membered ring with three double bonds.
D)a double bond between carbon and oxygen.
E)one or more bonds between carbon and nitrogen.

Question 10

The functional group illustrated below is an

A)alkyl.
B)alcohol.
C)ether.
D)ester.
E)aldehyde.

Question 11

The aromatic functional group is often represented as

A)a carbon-carbon triple bond.
B)a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen group.
C)a six-membered ring with three double bonds.
D)at least one double bond between carbon and oxygen.
E)one or more bonds between carbon and nitrogen.

Question 12

Which atom is least likely to form a polar covalent bond with carbon?

A)Cl
B)F
C)H
D)N
E)O

Question 13

The functional group illustrated by R-O-R' is an

A)alkyl.
B)alcohol.
C)ether.
D)ester.
E)aldehyde.

Question 14

Which factor is most important in determining the chemistry of an organic molecule?

A)the number of carbon-carbon bonds
B)the functional groups
C)the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds
D)the number of branches in the carbon chain
E)the melting point

Question 15

The functional group which illustrates an ester is

A)R-C≡C-R'.
B)R-C-N
.
C)

.
D)

.
E)

.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is correct? Functional groups are

A)the parts of molecules that are used to differentiate types of organic molecules.
B)to organic chemistry what polyatomic ions are to inorganic chemistry.
C)are chemically bound to each other in order to make larger molecules.
D)There is more than one correct answer.
E)None are correct.

Question 17

The family of organic compounds with functional groups that do not consist only of hydrocarbons is

A)aldehydes.
B)alkanes.
C)alkenes.
D)alkynes.
E)aromatics.

Question 18

The functional group illustrated below is an

A)alcohol.
B)amide.
C)ether.
D)ester.
E)amine.

Question 19

Which of the statements about the behavior of the element carbon in organic molecules is incorrect?

A)Carbon can be involved in polar covalent bonds.
B)Carbon can form single,double,or triple bonds with other carbon atoms.
C)Carbon always forms four bonds.
D)When carbon forms four single bonds,the bond angles are 90°.
E)In addition to other carbon atoms,carbon is likely to form bonds with hydrogen,nitrogen,or oxygen.

Question 20

The alkyne functional group has

A)a carbon-carbon triple bond.
B)a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen group.
C)a six-membered ring with three double bonds.
D)a double bond between carbon and oxygen.
E)one or more bonds between carbon and nitrogen.

Question 21

Convert the following line structures to condensed formulas:

A)

B)

Question 22

Which of the following is an isomer of the molecule shown below?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 23

What functional groups are present in the following structure?

A)an alcohol and an alkene
B)a ketone and an alkyne
C)an aldehyde and a ketone
D)a ketone and an alkene
E)an ether and an alkane

Question 24

All of the following are representations of the same molecule except

A)C₄H₈
B)cyclobutane.
C)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂
.
D)

.

Question 25

What functional groups are present in the following structure?

A)an alcohol and an alkyne
B)a ketone and an alkyne
C)an aldehyde and a ketone
D)an alcohol and an alkene
E)an ether and an alkyne

Question 26

Which of the following is a correct line structure for the following molecule?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 27

Explain the term "functional group." How do organic chemists use the functional group concept?

Question 28

All of the choices listed are representations of the same molecule except

A) C₅H₁₂
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)

.
D)

.
E)(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₃
.

Question 29

The carbon skeleton of an alkane is shown below.How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon marked with a *?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 30

How many structural isomers are possible for the molecular formula,C₄H₁₀?

A)3
B)2
C)1
D)4
E)5

Question 31

The carbon skeleton of an alkane is shown below.How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon marked with a *?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 32

Which molecule is not an isomer of the molecule shown?

A)
B) C₄H₉OH

C)

D)

E)

Question 33

Which of the following line structures are of the same compound?

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and IV
D)All of them are the same.

Question 34

Which list includes all the elements that would be found in an alkane with an amine group?

A)C,H
B)C,H,O
C)C,H,N
D)C,H,O,H
E)H,N

Question 35

Which molecule is an isomer of the molecule shown?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)C
(C


C

Question 36

What are the two major functional groups in lactic acid?

A)alkane and alcohol
B)carboxylic acid and alcohol
C)aldehyde and alcohol
D)ketone and diol
E)carboxylic acid and ether

Question 37

What is the relationship between the following molecules?

A)They are identical.
B)They are isomers of each other.
C)They are different molecules which are not isomers.
D)none of the above

Question 38

In straight-chain alkanes,the carbon atoms on each end of the molecule always form bonds with ________ atoms of hydrogen;the carbons within the molecule always form bonds with ________ hydrogen atoms.

A)4;4
B)4;2
C)3;3
D)3;2
E)2;2

Question 39

Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with the atoms connected differently are referred to as

A)normal alkanes.
B)branched alkanes.
C)functional groups.
D)constitutional isomers.
E)conformations.

Question 40

Which of the following molecules contains both a carbonxylic acid group and an amine group?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 41

The various shapes taken on by an organic molecule are known as

A)conformations.
B)constitutional isomers.
C)preferential isomers.
D)configurations.
E)none of the above

Question 42

Convert the following condensed formula to a line drawing:

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 43

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?
(C -C-C -C -C

A)1,1,1-trimethylbutane
B)2,2-dimethylpentane
C)2-dimethylpentane
D)2-ethylhexane
E)heptane

Question 44

The condensed structure of n-octane is

A)

.
B)C C C C CC C
.
C)

.
D)

.
E)

.

Question 45

Identify each pair of compounds as the same molecule,isomers or different molecules.

A)

B)

C)

Question 46

The name of the following structure will include the parent name

A)ethane.
B)butane.
C)hexane.
D)octane.
E)pentane.

Question 47

The carbon skeleton of an alkane is shown below.How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon marked with a *?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 48

How many carbon atoms are there in the longest continuous chain of the molecule shown?
(C

C-(C

-C

A)8
B)6
C)4
D)3
E)cannot be determined without additional information

Question 49

The carbon atom marked with * is a ________ carbon atom.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)none of these

Question 50

The condensed structure of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylheptane is

A)

.
B)C C C C C C C C
.
C)

.
D)

.
E)

.

Question 51

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)2-ethyl-4-methylheptane
B)4-methyl-2-ethylheptane
C)4,6-dimethyloctane
D)3,5-dimethyloctane
E)6-ethyl-4-methylheptane

Question 52

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)hexane
B)isohexane
C)ethylmethylpropane
D)dimethylbutane
E)2,2-dimethylbutane

Question 53

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylhexane
B)3,5-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane
C)2,4,5-trimethylheptane
D)3,4,6-trimethylheptane
E)5-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane

Question 54

The carbon atom marked with * is a ________ carbon atom.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)none of these

Question 55

Which of the following statements about alkyl groups is incorrect?

A)An alkyl group with four carbon atoms would include butyl in its name.
B)-C₂H₅ is an example.
C)In naming,they are used as prefixes and have a "yl" ending.
D)They are derived from alkenes.
E)none of the above

Question 56

The name of the hydrocarbon with three carbon atoms and having only single bonds between carbon atoms is

A)decane.
B)butane.
C)propane.
D)ethane.
E)methane.

Question 57

The carbon atom marked with * is a ________ carbon atom.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)none of these

Question 58

Select the line structure for the following condensed formula:

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 59

The condensed structure of 2,4-dimethylheptane is

A)

.
B)C C C C C C C
.
C)

.
D)

.
E)

.

Question 60

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)4-propyldecane
B)4-isopropyldecane
C)3-hexyl-2-methylhexane
D)4-isobutyldecane
E)4-sec-butyldecane

Question 61

Write a line bond drawing for the following compounds:

A)1-chloro-2-isopropylcyclopentane
B) 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane

Question 62

Alkanes are ________ in water and ________ than water.

A)insoluble;less dense
B)soluble;less dense
C)insoluble,;more dense
D)soluble;more dense

Question 63

When hydrocarbons undergo complete combustion,the product(s)is(are)

A)CO₂ and O₂.
B)CO₂.
C)CO₂ and H₂O.
D)H₂O and O₂.
E)H₂O.

Question 64

A correct name for the following compound is

A)1-bromo-3-ethyl-1-methylcyclopropane.
B)1-bromo-2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopropane.
C)1-bromo-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane.
D)2-bromo-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane.
E)1-bromo-3-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropane.

Question 65

Which of the following properties is not characteristic of alkanes?

A)Their melting points increase with molecular weight.
B)They are generally less dense than water.
C)They are tasteless and colorless.
D)They are nontoxic.
E)They form strong hydrogen bonds.

Question 66

Which substance is not reactive with respect to alkanes?

A)H₂
B)Cl₂
C)O₂
D)Br₂
E)none of the above

Question 67

What is the minimum number of carbons that must be present in a molecule to have a secondary carbon?

A)3
B)1
C)2
D)4
E)5

Question 68

Which of the following is a correct line structure drawing for 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)All answers are correct.

Question 69

When an alkane reacts with an element from group 7A,the reaction is referred to as

A)combustion.
B)decomposition.
C)displacement.
D)halogenation.
E)oxidation.

Question 70

How many hydrogens are present in a molecule composed of a six membered ring of carbon atoms and no double or triple bonds?

A)12
B)10
C)14
D)16
E)24

Question 71

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?

A)dimethylcyclobutane
B)cyclohexane
C)1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
D)2,3-dimethylcyclobutane
E)3,4-dimethylcyclobutane

Question 72

How many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule shown?

A)6
B)18
C)14
D)16
E)12

Question 73

Which group is the best description of the properties of alkanes?

A)flammable,reactive,water soluble
B)non-flammable,non-polar,water soluble
C)flammable,non-reactive,insoluble in water
D)non-flammable,polar,reactive
E)none of the above

Question 74

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)2-methyl-2-propylbutane
B)2-ethyl-2-methylpentane
C)2,2-ethyl-methylpentane
D)3,3-dimethylhexane
E)isooctane

Question 75

When hydrocarbons undergo incomplete combustion,the product(s)is(are)

A)CO₂ and O₂.
B)CO,H₂O and soot.
C)CO₂ and H₂O.
D)H₂O and O₂.
E)H₂O.

Question 76

In the molecule 3,3-dimethylhexane,carbon number two is

A)primary.
B)secondary.
C)tertiary.
D)quaternary.
E)none of the above

Question 77

The molecule shown is named as a substituted ________ because ________.

A)decane;it contains 10 atoms of carbon
B)hexane;it contains six atoms of carbon in its longest chain
C)tetramethane;it contains four methyl groups as branches
D)hexamethane;it contains six methyl groups altogether
E)butane;four carbons are substituted onto the chain

Question 78

Which is not a property of most alkanes?

A)soluble in water
B)light odor
C)colorless
D)burn readily in an open flame
E)They are all properties of alkanes.

Question 79

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?

A)dimethylcyclobutane
B)cyclohexane
C)1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
D)1,1-dimethylcyclobutane
E)2,2-dimethylcyclobutane

Question 80

Monochlorination of pentane,C₅H₁₂,leads to formation of how many different products?

A)3
B)2
C)1
D)4
E)5