Deck 30: Plants

Question 1

Haploid spores are produced in the ___ of a moss.

A) sori
B) antheridia
C) archegonia
D) sporangium
E) anther

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The sporangium of a moss is the site of meiosis and the production of haploid spores. The antheridia and archegonia are sites of the production of sperm and egg and so serve in sexual reproduction. Sori are the structures found on ferns that cover the sporangia. Anthers are the structures in flowering plants that bear pollen.

Question 2

Structures in plants that produce the gametes are called

A) sporangia.
B) fruit.
C) gametophyte.
D) homosporophyte.
E) sporophyte.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Plants undergo a cycle called alternation of generation that alternate between multicellular haploid and diploid organisms. The haploid generation is called the gametophyte and produces gametes; the gametes fuse and give rise to a diploid generation called the sporophyte. The sporophyte has structures that undergo meiosis and produces spores that ate haploid and give rise to the sporophyte generation.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a significant event in the evolution of plants?

A) protection of the embryo
B) evolution of vascular tissue
C) evolution of the seed
D) evolution of the flower
E) evolution of the rhizoid

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Rhizoids are root-like structures that are found in filamentous algae and in nonvascular land plants. They are an ancestral structure rather than a derived structure so they are not significant to the evolution of plants.

Question 4

The term for the body of a bryophyte such as Marchantia is

A) antheridia.
B) rhizoid.
C) archegonium.
D) protonema.
E) thallus.

Question 5

Psilotum are most closely related to

A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms.
C) conifers.
D) green algae.
E) ferns.

Question 6

In the moss life cycle,the ______ generation is dominant.

A) haploid gametophyte
B) diploid gametophyte
C) haploid sporophyte
D) diploid sporophyte
E) diploid antheridium

Question 7

Which of the following is a nonvascular plant that has the longest evolutionary history on land?

A) ferns
B) bristlecone pine tree
C) moss
D) redwood tree
E) grass

Question 8

Which life cycle phase is diploid in moss?

A) sporophyte generation
B) gametophyte generation
C) gametes
D) spores
E) antheridium

Question 9

When a moss spore germinates,the single row of cells that first appears will branch and form a(n)

A) antheridium.
B) archegonium.
C) rhizoid.
D) protonema.
E) sori.

Question 10

The vascular tissue by which nutrients are transported throughout ferns is called

A) xylem.
B) stigma.
C) phloem.
D) absent in roots.
E) produced by stomata.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT correct?

A) xylem-conducts water up from the soil
B) phloem-transports organic nutrients
C) vascular tissue-xylem and phloem
D) vascular plants-sporophyte is dominant
E) sporophyte-haploid

Question 12

Fertilization in the mosses is dependent upon

A) insects.
B) mammals.
C) water.
D) wind.
E) light.

Question 13

A leafy plant with no true roots,no stem,and rhizoids that grow into the soil from the leaf like structure is a

A) rose.
B) liverwort.
C) conifer.
D) ginkgo.
E) fern.

Question 14

When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site,it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n)

A) antheridium.
B) rhizoid.
C) archegonium.
D) protonema.
E) thallus.

Question 15

The structure found in non-vascular plants that anchor them to the soil and may serve in asexual reproduction is called the

A) antheridia
B) archegonia
C) rhizoids
D) protonema
E) sori

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true about alternation of generations life cycle?

A) Meiosis produces spores that are haploid.
B) Spores develop into the gametophyte generation.
C) The gametophyte produces eggs and sperm.
D) When the sperm fertilizes the egg, a zygote results that develops into the sporophyte.
E) The sporophyte generation produces spores by mitosis in structures called sporangia.

Question 17

Swimming sperm are produced in the ____ of the moss gametophyte stage.

A) antheridia
B) archegonia
C) rhizoids
D) protonema
E) sori

Question 18

Which sequence is correct in the life cycle of alternation of generations?

A) gametophyte $\rarr$ spores $\rarr$ sporophyte
B) gametophyte $\rarr$ gametes $\rarr$ spores $\rarr$ sporophyte
C) gametophyte $\rarr$ gametes $\rarr$ zygote $\rarr$ spores $\rarr$ sporophyte
D) gametophyte $\rarr$ spores $\rarr$ gametes $\rarr$ zygote $\rarr$ sporophyte
E) gametophyte $\rarr$ gametes $\rarr$ zygote $\rarr$ sporophyte $\rarr$ spores

Question 19

A major evolutionary trend among plants is

A) a reduction in the size of the gametophyte and an increase in the size of the sporophyte.
B) a reduction in the size of the sporophyte and an increase in the size of the gametophyte.
C) an increase in the size of both the sporophyte and the gametophyte.
D) a decrease in the size of both the sporophyte and the gametophyte.
E) the sporophyte nor the gametophyte have evolved in plants and are basically the same size for all plant types.

Question 20

Why are green algae placed in the Protista while plants are given their own kingdom?

A) The green algae use chlorophyll a while plants use chlorophyll b.
B) Green algae have a cell wall of chitin while plants have cell walls of cellulose.
C) Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant while green algae do not.
D) All plants are vascular while all green algae are non-vascular.
E) Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually while plants are gametophytes and reproduce sexually.

Question 21

Spores are produced in the ____ of a fern.

A) sori
B) antheridia
C) archegonia
D) ovule
E) ovary

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a fern?

A) Eggs are produced in antheridia.
B) Fern sporophyte is the dominant generation in the fern life cycle.
C) Fern gametophyte is nonvascular.
D) Fern sporophyte leaves first appear in a curled-up form termed a fiddlehead.
E) Fern sporophyte is vascular.

Question 23

Which statement is NOT correct about the sporophyte generation in gymnosperms?

A) It is the diploid generation.
B) It contains vascular tissue.
C) It is the dominant generation.
D) They produce winged naked seeds.
E) They produce homospores.

Question 24

It is possible to take the mature frond of many ferns and rub the brown growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss.Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs.What has happened?

A) You have broken off male and female structures from the bottom of the fern frond and they united on the wet plug to form the sporophyte generation called a prothallus.
B) You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus.
C) You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form rhizomes that develop an indusium.
D) You have broken the indusium on the bottom of the fern frond and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the sporophyte made of an archegonium and an antheridium.
E) You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the fiddleheads that will develop into more fronds.

Question 25

Plants that flourished in the Mesozoic era along with dinosaurs were the

A) ferns.
B) bryophytes.
C) cycads.
D) flowering plants.
E) conifers.

Question 26

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant?

A) An egg is produced in an archegonium.
B) A sperm is produced in an antheridium.
C) The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.
D) The eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant.
E) Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation.

Question 27

Which vascular plants have seeds?

A) ferns
B) club mosses
C) whisk ferns
D) gymnosperms
E) horsetails

Question 28

In the life cycle of the fern,meiosis takes place

A) during development of seeds.
B) upon development of the gametophyte.
C) during the production of egg and sperm.
D) during the production of spores.
E) during the development of vascular tissue.

Question 29

The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the

A) green algae.
B) tracheophytes.
C) rhyniophytes.
D) bryophytes.
E) tree ferns.

Question 30

Which of the following is from a division within the gymnosperm group?

A) horsetail
B) cycad
C) moss
D) fern
E) monocot

Question 31

Which statement is NOT true about ferns?

A) The sporophyte stage lacks vascular tissue.
B) Antheridia and archegonia develop on the prothallus of the gametophyte stage.
C) Fertilization requires moisture for the sperm to swim to the egg within the archegonia.
D) The sporophyte stage is the dominant generation.
E) The gametophyte stage lacks vascular tissue.

Question 32

Compared to the moss,the fern is better adapted to life on land because the fern

A) produces seeds, but the moss does not.
B) does not have swimming sperm, but the moss does.
C) does not have a gametophyte generation, but the moss does.
D) has vascular tissue, but the moss does not.
E) can be found in dry areas.

Question 33

The megaspore in seed plants will develop into the

A) seeds.
B) spores.
C) pollen grains.
D) female gametophyte.
E) male gametophyte.

Question 34

Which of the following types of plants will produce a naked seed?

A) moss
B) ferns
C) algae
D) gymnosperms
E) angiosperms

Question 35

The fiddlehead is a _______ that unfolds into a ______.

A) diploid gametophyte; fern frond
B) diploid sporophyte; fern frond
C) haploid sporophyte; fern frond
D) haploid gametophyte; fern frond
E) diploid gametophyte; moss plant

Question 36

In the fern life cycle,the ______ generation is dominant.

A) haploid gametophyte
B) diploid gametophyte
C) haploid sporophyte
D) diploid sporophyte
E) monoploid sporophyte

Question 37

The small heart-shaped gametophyte called a prothallus is part of the life cycle of the

A) mosses.
B) ferns.
C) liverworts.
D) ginkgoes.
E) gnetophyte.

Question 38

Which statement is NOT true about fiddleheads?

A) They are young fronds curled up.
B) They are found in ferns.
C) They are part of the sporophyte generation.
D) They are haploid.
E) They are part of a vascular plant.

Question 39

How is a seed like a spore?

A) They both are haploid.
B) They both contain the sporophyte generation.
C) They both contain the gametophyte generation.
D) They both are flagellated.
E) They both disperse the species.

Question 40

In the life cycle of a fern,the zygote

A) becomes the sporophyte generation.
B) becomes the gametophyte generation.
C) does not occur.
D) undergoes meiosis.
E) is haploid.

Question 41

The anther and filament are parts of the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) receptacle.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 42

The reproductive parts of an angiosperm are the

A) petals and sepals.
B) petals and stamen.
C) sepals and stamen.
D) sepals and carpel.
E) carpel and stamen.

Question 43

The site of formation of pollen grains is in the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) receptacle.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the ginkgo is unique?

A) The ginkgo grows well in polluted areas.
B) Ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species in its division.
C) The tree is propagated vegetatively to provide male trees that lack smelly seeds.
D) Ginkgos have naked seeds.
E) Ginkgos are popular for big cities along streets and parks.

Question 45

Botanically,a seed is a structure developed from a(n)

A) style.
B) ovule.
C) stigma.
D) anther.
E) sepal.

Question 46

Pollen would land on the ______ during pollination.

A) ovary
B) stigma
C) anther
D) filament
E) style

Question 47

Which statement is true regarding both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A) They both have swimming sperm.
B) They both lack the gametophyte generation.
C) They both have a separate male and female gametophyte generation.
D) They both produce cones and flowers.
E) They both rely on pollinators.

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true about seed plants?

A) They generally do not require external water for reproduction.
B) Seed plants produce homospores.
C) The pollen grain later becomes the male gametophyte.
D) The female gametophyte is retained within the sporophyte.
E) The seed contains the embryonic sporophyte generation.

Question 49

The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) ovary.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 50

Characteristics of eudicots include all EXCEPT

A) two cotyledons.
B) leaves with netted veins.
C) woody or herbaceous plants.
D) flower parts in fours and fives.
E) vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

Question 51

What flower mechanism(s)would NOT help prevent pollination by a foreign species?

A) A pollen tube only grows in the style of its own species.
B) The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen.
C) The timing of flowering varies by species and keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species.
D) Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers.
E) Flowers of different species are the same color and attract similar pollinators.

Question 52

In the pine life cycle,a microspore develops into

A) a seed.
B) a sporophyte.
C) a pollen grain.
D) a megaspore.
E) an ovule.

Question 53

Monocots have their floral parts in ______,while eudicots have their parts in _______,or multiples of those numbers.

A) threes; fours or fives
B) threes or fours; fives
C) fours; threes or fives
D) fours or fives; threes
E) fives; threes or fours

Question 54

Ovules are contained within the

A) ovary.
B) stigma.
C) anther.
D) filament.
E) style.

Question 55

Gladiolus produces leaves with parallel veins and floral parts in multiples of three.This plant is a(n)

A) bryophyte.
B) eudicot.
C) monocot.
D) cycad.
E) fern.

Question 56

During pollination in angiosperms,pollen grains will stick to the enlarged knob in the center of the flower called the

A) stigma.
B) style.
C) ovary.
D) ovule.
E) anther.

Question 57

The stigma,style,and ovary are located in a

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) receptacle.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 58

A land based adaptation that pine trees have is that when microsporocytes undergo meiosis to produce microspores they are then liberated as the

A) embryo sacs.
B) ovules.
C) pollen grains.
D) zygotes.
E) egg.

Question 59

A lily (a monocot)would have

A) rhizoids rather than true roots.
B) flower parts in threes.
C) seeds in a cone.
D) netted leaf veins.
E) two cotyledons.

Question 60

Which of these may occur in both angiosperms and gymnosperms?

A) Seeds develop within a cone.
B) Seeds develop within a flower.
C) Seeds are surrounded by a fruit at maturity.
D) Pollen is carried by the wind for pollination.
E) Pollen is carried by honeybees as pollinators,

Question 61

Showy flowers are most likely pollinated by

A) only insects.
B) only birds.
C) wind or birds.
D) insects or birds.
E) wind.

Question 62

Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of gymnosperms?

A) The sporophyte is diploid.
B) The sporophyte produces two distinct types of spores.
C) The megasporocyte develops into the pollen grain.
D) The microsporocyte develops into the pollen grain.
E) Two nonflagellated sperm are released by the male gametophyte.

Question 63

Which part of a seed provides nourishment for the embryo enabling seed plants to survive on land?

A) ovary
B) seed coat
C) egg sac
D) endosperm
E) ectosperm

Question 64

Which feature possessed by most land plants is missing in mosses,which grow low to the ground in damp,shaded areas?

A) Cell walls, so they cannot stand upright.
B) A protected zygote, so they must grow in damp areas to supply the zygote with moisture.
C) Vascular tissue, so they must grow along the ground in damp areas to supply water to the cells.
D) Chlorophyll b, so they can only use filtered light for photosynthesis.
E) Starch production, so they only produce small amounts of glucose since any beyond what they use immediately cannot be stored.

Question 65

A fruit is a

A) mature ovary.
B) microspore.
C) megaspore.
D) seed.
E) stigmatized pollen grain.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a fruit according to a biologist?

A) apple
B) grapes
C) tomato
D) peas in a pod
E) celery

Question 67

The function of endosperm is to

A) form the seedling.
B) develop into the fruit.
C) provide water to the embryo.
D) provide nutrients to the embryo.
E) provide a protective coating for the embryo.

Question 68

Both land plants and algae use starch as a storage medium and cellulose in their cell walls,this means that

A) They both produce glucose since this is the molecule that both starch and cellulose are made from.
B) They both use chlorophyll as a photosynthetic pigment.
C) They both use tubers to store starch and they both use the same enzymes to make cellulose.
D) They both produce galactose which gives rise to maltose the molecule that both starch and cellulose are made from.
E) If algae are transported to land they will be able to survive the same as a land plant.

Question 69

What is thought to be the first major derived feature that separates land plants from charophytes?

A) Both charophytes and land plants have chlorophyll b but only land plants have chlorophyll a.
B) Both charophytes and land plants store excess carbohydrates but only land plants use glucose.
C) Both charophytes and land plants protect their zygotes but only land plants also protect the resulting embryo.
D) Both charophytes and land plants are made up of cells but only land plants have cell walls.
E) Both charophytes and land plants have cell walls but only land plants use cellulose in their cell walls.

Question 70

Which statement best describes double fertilization in an angiosperm?

A) Two egg cells are fertilized within each ovule.
B) A sperm nucleus fuses with an egg cell and a sperm nucleus fuses with polar nuclei.
C) Two sperm are required for fertilization of one egg cell.
D) A flower can engage in both self pollination and cross pollination.
E) One sperm fertilizes the egg while two polar nuclei fuse with a second egg.

Question 71

One adaptation that was necessary for charophytes to move onto land was the protection of the embryo from desiccation.In mosses the embryo,called a developing sporophyte,is

A) Protected within the archegonium and nourished by the 'foot' growing down into the gametophyte tissue.
B) Protected by the antheridia and nourished by the rhizoids.
C) Protected by the protonema and nourished by the 'foot' growing down into the gametophyte.
D) Protected within the antheridia and nourished by the 'foot' growing down into the sporophyte tissue.
E) Not protected since mosses are not vascular plants.

Question 72

For the ancestors of land plants,supplying water to all cells of the organism would have been possible because

A) Algae have vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients to all parts of the organism.
B) Water would simply diffuse into the cells from the surrounding environment.
C) The circulatory system of algae evolved early in the history of life.
D) Algae take water in through root-like cilia that move water into the cells.
E) Algae have specialized structures called desmosomes that move water into the cells.

Question 73

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces

A) a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus.
B) a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm.
C) a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote.
D) a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm.
E) a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Question 74

A megasporocyte would be found in the

A) ovary.
B) stigma.
C) anther.
D) filament.
E) style.

Question 75

Which feature is common across all seed plants?

A) flowers
B) fruits
C) pollen tubes
D) flagellated sperm
E) sperm carried by windborne pollen

Question 76

Which of the following statements is NOT true about angiosperms?

A) The reproductive structures are located in flowers.
B) The flower protects the developing male gametophyte.
C) They are divided into monocots and eudicots.
D) The seeds are enclosed by fruit.
E) They exhibit double fertilization.

Question 77

If a tree has flower petals that are small and the same color as its leaves,it is likely to be pollinated by

A) bats.
B) bees.
C) the wind.
D) butterflies.
E) moths.

Question 78

Both charophytes and land plants share which of these characteristics?

A) Both have true roots, and leaves.
B) Both have chlorophyll a and store carbohydrates as starch.
C) Both have vascular tissue and protect the zygote.
D) Both protect the embryo and have cell walls with cellulose.
E) Both cell walls that contain cellulose and produce seeds.

Question 79

Which part of an angiosperm seed is triploid (3n)?

A) embryonic sporophyte generation
B) embryonic gametophyte generation
C) protective seed coat
D) fruit around the seed
E) endosperm

Question 80

Seeds contain all of the following EXCEPT

A) a seed coat.
B) an endosperm.
C) an embryo.
D) a pollen grain.
E) triploid tissue.