Deck 24: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: the Claims of Reason

Question 1

John Locke disagreed with Thomas Hobbes's social contract,feeling that

A) rulers tended to become despotic over time.
B) people were depraved by nature.
C) rulers were incapable of controlling the masses.
D) people were capable of governing themselves.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following were sources of inspiration for Christopher Wren's Saint Paul's Cathedral EXCEPT

A) Donato Bramante's Tempietto.
B) Michelangelo's dome for St. Peter's.
C) the façade of the Louvre.
D) Giotto's bell tower for Florence Cathedral.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the opening lines of his mock epic Dunciad,Alexander Pope attacks

A) Jonathan Swift.
B) King George II.
C) Robert Walpole.
D) Oliver Cromwell.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Great Fire of 1066 was advantageous to London by

A) forcing the city to establish paid firefighters.
B) making the city construct better public housing.
C) destroying the slums near the harbor.
D) allowing the city's center to be modernized.

Question 5

What form allowed George Frederick Handel to perform biblical productions on stage after he had one work banned?

A) opera
B) ballet
C) concerto
D) oratorio

Question 6

In John Milton's Paradise Lost,the character that can be viewed as representing the Stuart monarchy and thus Hobbes's Leviathan is

A) Lucifer.
B) God.
C) Raphael.
D) Adam.

Question 7

In "A Modest Proposal" Jonathan Swift advocates butchering Irish children to

A) reduce the poverty of the Irish.
B) satirize the English treatment of the Irish.
C) decrease the number of Irish Protestants.
D) persuade the Irish poor to migrate to America.

Question 8

By 1750,what percent of adult English men could read?

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 9

England's artists and writers turned to satire during the Enlightenment to

A) revive the Classical genres of literature.
B) appeal to an increasingly educated audience.
B) expose the moral bankruptcy of English society.
C) satisfy the growing periodical readership.

Question 10

During the rebuilding of London,Christopher Wren received the commission to reconstruct

A) the entire city center.
B) 52 churches.
C) Regent's College.
D) the new palace.

Question 11

Whose principle of physics is cruelly demonstrated in James Wright's An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump?

A) Benjamin Franklin
B) James Watt
C) Isaac Newton
D) Erasmus Darwin

Question 12

In Gulliver's Travels,Jonathan Swift uses the bestial and degenerate Yahoos to represent

A) the Hanover monarchy.
B) Robert Walpole.
C) gin addicts.
D) humans.

Question 13

According to Thomas Hobbes,the two factors that motivate people are

A) desire for protection and maintenance of personal sovereignty.
B) fear of death at someone else's hands and desire for power.
C) commonality of beliefs and hope of salvation.
D) desire for financial success and social mobility.

Question 14

What irony is inherent in English garden design?

A) The plan was copied from French gardens.
B) "Modern" design included copies of ancient works.
C) Careful design was intended to look undeveloped.
D) Only the very wealthy used gardens on their estates.

Question 15

A group of prominent manufacturers,inventors,and naturalists is credited with inaugurating the

A) Industrial Revolution.
B) Scientific Revolution.
C) American Revolution.
D) Age of Reason.

Question 16

Thomas Hobbes believed that most people willingly accepted a social contract to

A) control their instincts and achieve peace.
B) achieve some measure of financial security.
C) maintain their position in a social hierarchy.
D) ensure that they all obey the government's laws.

Question 17

In his Marriage á la Mode series,engraver William Hogarth satirizes

A) Italian art.
B) French pornography.
C) lawyers.
D) a loveless couple.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the English novel's appeal?

A) entertaining respite from daily drudgeries
B) realistic portrayal of contemporary life
C) underlying promise of upward social mobility
D) argument for social change and political reform

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT included under Parliament's Bill of Rights?

A) No Catholic could ever rule England.
B) No Puritan or Roman Catholic could attend university.
C) No non-English monarch could rule England.
D) No British king could marry a Catholic.

Question 20

What new literary form did Joseph Addison and Richard Steele invent for their newspapers?

A) the journalistic essay
B) yellow journalism
C) parody
D) new journalism

Question 21

The British considered Thomas Jefferson a hypocrite for

A) advocating revolution yet refusing to fight.
B) preaching equality yet considering the British inferior.
C) condemning slavery yet owning slaves.
D) supporting America yet loving European architecture.

Question 22

The Maori tattoo their heads to

A) identify their clan.
B) increase their mana.
C) attract mates.
D) display their wealth.

Question 23

James Cook set sail for Tahiti in 1768 primarily to

A) establish trade with the Tahitians.
B) settle a British colony there.
C) chart the transit of Venus.
D) find a Pacific route to India.

Question 24

Explain how Milton's God and Satan reflect the ideas of Locke and Hobbes.

Question 25

According to the opening of Jane Austin's Pride and Prejudice,an eighteenth-century English woman's main prospect was

A) independent wealth.
B) writing.
C) marriage.
D) servitude.

Question 26

Why did the Hawaiians kill Captain Cook in 1779?

A) He overreacted to a Hawaiian's theft of a small boat.
B) He allowed his men to have sex with Hawaiian prostitutes.
C) He fired his ship's cannon at the beach.
D) He refused to pay homage to the Hawaiian gods.

Question 27

Why could so many readers of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe relate to the title character?

A) They felt isolated and alone.
B) They identified with the high moral tone.
C) They were products of their social classes.
D) They had read accounts of real-life castaways.

Question 28

Samuel Johnson undertook his monumental Dictionary of the English Language to

A) stop the English language from changing.
B) help people pronounce words properly.
C) help readers understand his newspaper.
D) standardize the English language.

Question 29

Explain the scope and significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English
Language.

Question 30

The Easter Island residents most likely erected the moai (monumental heads)to

A) mark graves.
B) represent gods.
C) identify property owners.
D) to frighten potential invaders.

Question 31

Explain the connection between Captain Cook's explorations in the Pacific and the ideas that were arising in England during the Enlightenment.

Question 32

List and describe two developments of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 33

Samuel Richardson told the plot of his novel Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded in

A) stream of consciousness
B) a series of letters
C) a fictional autobiography
D) diary entries

Question 34

Define "satire," providing two examples mentioned in the chapter,and explain its appeal to writers and readers of eighteenth-century England.

Question 35

Referencing one work of art and one of literature,show how satire aimed to improve the English people.

Question 36

Describe three ways the 1666 Great Fire of London improved London.

Question 37

Captain Cook sailed to the North Pacific in between his Hawaiian visits to

A) establish a fur-trading connection.
B) claim that area for the British crown.
C) restock his ships with supplies.
D) locate a "Northwest Passage" to the Atlantic.

Question 38

Compare Hobbes's and Locke's ideas about the role of government.

Question 39

List,define,and provide examples of two types of novels that developed in eighteenth-century England.