Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

 Antidepressant drugs have effects at the synapse within hours, but may take weeks to change behavior.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

 Dr. Delzell tells his class that a person with schizophrenia who is having hallucinations is experiencing a negative symptom.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

 Renay is experiencing hallucinations, convulsions, and cardiovascular problems as she is going through severe nicotine withdrawal.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

 It is possible for Mayola to experience a release of dopamine into her nucleus accumbens just by thinking about things that make her really happy.

Question 5

 Medications like Antabuse combat alcohol abuse by blocking opiate receptors and thereby decrease the pleasure from alcohol.

Question 6

 Most depressed people have decreased activity in the left and increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex.

Question 7

 The first successful treatment for bipolar disorder, and still the most common one, is lithium salts.

Question 8

 Autism spectrum disorder encompasses both autism and what used to be called Asperger's syndrome.

Question 9

 Azzie has been diagnosed with SAD. Her doctor suggested that she try a treatment that involves exposure to blue light.

Question 10

 Less than 5 percent of mothers who have children with autism have antibodies that attack certain brain proteins.

Question 11

 Atypical antipsychotics are effective in treating only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 12

 A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____.

A) neuromodulator; synergist
B) agonist; antagonist
C) depressant; stimulant
D) antagonist; agonist

Question 13

 After a long period of abstinence, exposure to cues associated with the substance are very unlikely to trigger a renewed craving.

Question 14

 Many fad treatments for autism spectrum disorders make the parents feel good that they are trying something, but otherwise, they are a waste of time and money.

Question 15

 A drug that is able to block the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ____.

A) agonist
B) antagonist
C) depressant
D) stimulant

Question 16

 Elayne has been prescribed a medication that mimics the effects of GABA. This means she is taking a GABA antagonist.

Question 17

 The ventricles are larger than normal in people with schizophrenia.

Question 18

 Which effect would be considered to be agonistic?

A) Blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters
B) Stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
C) Blocking the postsynaptic receptors
D) Mimicking enzymes that breakdown neurotransmitters

Question 19

 Professor Achidi is lecturing about drug mechanisms. She tells the class that a substance that increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is considered to be a(n) _____.

A) agonist
B) antagonist
C) stimulant
D) depressant

Question 20

 Which effect would be considered to be antagonistic?

A) Blocking the synthesis of neurotransmitters
B) Stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
C) Blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters
D) Interfering with the breakdown of neurotransmitters

Question 21

 Professor Bogdan tells his class that it is hypothesized that people use addictive substances for all of the following reasons except _____.

A) to cope with stress
B) to avoid withdrawal symptoms
C) to feel pleasurable effects
D) to feel a rush from the serotonin boost

Question 22

 To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug ____.

A) breaks down neurotransmitter chemicals at that receptor site
B) will always excite the postsynaptic receptor
C) will always inhibit the postsynaptic receptor
D) binds to that receptor

Question 23

 Studies of the genetics of autism spectrum disorders indicate that ____.

A) many cases result from new mutations or microdeletions in any of a number of genes
B) a small number of genes appear to be involved in autism spectrum disorders
C) most mutations and deletions implicated in autism spectrum disorders are inherited from mothers
D) very young maternal age and very young paternal age independently increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders

Question 24

 Attempts to identify individual genes associated with addiction have found ____.

A) many genes, each with a small effect
B) a small number of genes with limited cumulative effects
C) many genes, each with a substantial effect
D) a small number of genes with substantial cumulative effects

Question 25

 Professor Travila tells his class that the part of the brain most often associated with drug addiction is the ____.

A) nucleus accumbens
B) limbic system
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus

Question 26

 Worldwide, the median incidence estimate for autism spectrum disorders is about one in ____.

A) 60
B) 160
C) 260
D) 600

Question 27

 Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol?

A) Antabuse
B) Naloxone
C) LAAM
D) Methodone

Question 28

 Carly is considering becoming pregnant. To reduce the risk of her child having autism, doctors are urging her to increase her intake of _____.

A) folic acid
B) vitamin D
C) protein
D) acetic acid

Question 29

 Studies of individuals at high risk of alcoholism show that ____.

A) sons of alcoholics show more than average intoxication after drinking a moderate amount of alcohol
B) daughters of alcoholics show less than average intoxication after drinking a moderate amount of alcohol
C) alcohol paradoxically increases stress for sons of alcoholics rather than decreasing it
D) alcohol decreases stress more for sons of alcoholics than it does for others

Question 30

 With respect to drug effects, "efficacy" means the tendency of a drug to ____.

A) have inhibitory effects
B) have excitatory effects
C) attach to a receptor
D) activate a receptor

Question 31

 Which drug is viewed as a less potentially harmful substitute for heroin and is taken orally every day?

A) Antabuse
B) Naloxone
C) LAAM
D) Methodone

Question 32

 Cho's family is from Japan. Cho doesn't drink alcohol often, but when she does, her face and chest flush red and she feels really sick to her stomach. She likely has a gene that causes her to produce less ______.

A) acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
B) dopamine
C) serotonin dehydrogenase
D) GABA

Question 33

 Cordell has Asperger's syndrome. He has a form of ______.

A) autism
B) schizophrenia
C) anxiety disorder
D) depression disorder

Question 34

 An insistent search for the substance or activity to which the individual is addicted is called ____.

A) tolerance
B) craving
C) withdrawal
D) abstinence

Question 35

 About 12 percent of the mothers of children who have autism spectrum disorders have ____.

A) a family history of autism spectrum disorders
B) antibodies that attack certain brain proteins
C) extremely low levels of folic acid
D) a history of heavy alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 36

 As an addiction develops, many of its effects, especially the enjoyable effects, decrease, a phenomenon known as____.

A) tolerance
B) craving
C) withdrawal
D) abstinence

Question 37

 Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?

A) Epinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 38

 Samuel smokes cigarettes regularly. Today, he had to sit through a 10-hour meeting without a cigarette break and he started feeling irritable and sick. The meeting resulted in him starting to experience ______.

A) tolerance
B) craving
C) withdrawal
D) addiction

Question 39

 Zakoria is an alcoholic. To help him stop drinking, his doctor prescribed _____ which would make him sick to his stomach if he consumed alcohol.

A) Antabuse
B) lithium
C) LAAM
D) methodone

Question 40

 Which drug is used in the treatment of opiate addiction and has the advantage of producing a long-lasting effect so that the person visits a clinic three times a week instead of daily?

A) Antabuse
B) Naloxone
C) LAAM
D) Methodone

Question 41

 Electroconvulsive therapy was first introduced as a treatment for _____ although it didn't help. However, it did produce some relief for patients with _____.

A) bipolar disorder; autism
B) autism; depression
C) autism; schizophrenia
D) schizophrenia; depression

Question 42

 Which is true when considering the role of genetics in depression?

A) Late-onset depression has higher heritability than early-onset depression.
B) Depression in males runs in families, depression in females does not.
C) Adopted children who become depressed are more likely to have depressed biological relatives than depressed adoptive relatives.
D) Adopted children who become depressed are more likely to have depressed adoptive relatives than depressed biological relatives.

Question 43

 Although there are no perfect treatments, which autism treatment is most likely to provide some results?

A) The use of first generation antipsychotics
B) The use of lithium salts
C) Behavioral treatments to address deficits in social behavior and communication
D) The use of chelation to remove heavy metals from the blood

Question 44

 Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms?

A) Tricyclics
B) MAOIs
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
D) Atypical antidepressants

Question 45

 In contrast to tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ____.

A) block reuptake of both catecholamines and serotonin
B) increase action potential velocity
C) block the reuptake of only serotonin
D) act on the left hemisphere while tricyclics act on the right

Question 46

 The use of electroconvulsive shock declined in the 1950s because ____.

A) legal concerns arose with its use as a therapy
B) a new theory of depression called the treatment into question
C) antidepressant drugs became available
D) a federal report concluded that it was almost never effective

Question 47

 What can be said about treatment for autism spectrum disorders?

A) While drugs like risperidone can be used to reduce stereotyped behaviors, they have a risk of dangerous side-effects.
B) The use of stimulant drugs may increase social behavior and communication.
C) New treatments, including chelation, appear to have great promise.
D) Use of the high fat, ketogenic diet used for some children with intractable epilepsy, appears helpful.

Question 48

 On average, those with the short form of the ____ transporter gene and a history of stressful experiences reported more than average symptoms of depression.

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) calcium

Question 49

 As compared to non-depressed people, depressed individuals ____.

A) have greater unpleasant events
B) react worse to unpleasant events
C) have fewer pleasant experiences
D) react more to pleasant experiences

Question 50

 Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release?

A) Tricyclics
B) MAOIs
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
D) Atypical antidepressants

Question 51

 Which symptoms are the most likely side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

A) Increased reaction to eating cheese
B) Nausea and headaches
C) Drowsiness and dry mouth
D) Cramping and diarrhea

Question 52

 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors operate similarly to ____.

A) tricyclics
B) MAOIs
C) Antabuse
D) L-Dopa

Question 53

 Lyperior just turned 50 and has been diagnosed with depression. Given her age, it is likely that she has family members with ______.

A) autism
B) alcohol abuse problems
C) circulatory problems
D) anxiety disorders

Question 54

 Acneer has been diagnosed with depression. It is likely that he has lower than average levels of _____.

A) BDNF
B) dopamine
C) glial cells
D) fluid in his ventricles

Question 55

 The most common side effect of electroconvulsive shock therapy is ____.

A) dry mouth and blurred vision
B) damage to the frontal lobes
C) memory loss
D) high probability of broken bones during the treatment

Question 56

 Most depressed people show ____ activity in the ____ prefrontal cortex.

A) increased; left
B) decreased; left
C) decreased; right
D) increased; right and left

Question 57

 The primary symptoms of autism spectrum disorders include ____.

A) deficits in social exchanges
B) severe intellectual disabilities
C) excessive, unwavering eye contact
D) extremely powerful memory skills

Question 58

 ____ is a treatment for depression that electrically induces a seizure.

A) Electromagnetic therapy
B) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) Electroconvulsive shock therapy
D) Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 59

 In certain cases, it is possible to relieve depression by changing a person's ____.

A) sleeping schedule
B) eating schedule
C) exercise schedule
D) self-grooming habits

Question 60

 Dr. Littlejohn told his patient not to take St. John's wort with her other medications because not a lot is known about the herb and it might _____.

A) increase the effectiveness of other medications she is taking
B) decrease the effectiveness of other medications she is taking
C) prevent the reuptake of serotonin
D) Raise her blood pressure after she eats tyramine-rich food

Question 61

 Bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder differ with regard to ____.

A) how many relatives also have the condition
B) how rapidly the cycles occur
C) whether they include full-blown manic phases
D) whether they develop suddenly at an early age or gradually at a later age

Question 62

 Stephanie has bipolar disorder. What is true about her brain glucose metabolism rates?

A) They will be high in both mania and depression.
B) They will be low in both mania and depression.
C) It will be low in mania and high in depression.
D) It will be high in mania and low in depression.

Question 63

 A schizophrenic patient whose main symptoms are lack of emotional expression, lack of social interaction, and lack of speech is suffering from ____.

A) positive symptoms
B) negative symptoms
C) thought disorders
D) delusions

Question 64

 A delusion is a(n) ____.

A) sensory experience that does not correspond to reality
B) inability to understand abstract concepts
C) unfounded belief
D) loss of memory for part of one's past

Question 65

 Dissociative identity disorder was formerly called ____, although many people confused it with _____.

A) multiple personality disorder; schizophrenia
B) schizophrenia; multiple personality disorder
C) multiple personality disorder; bipolar disorder
D) bipolar disorder; multiple personality disorder

Question 66

 What Bleuler meant by schizophrenia was a split between ____ and ____ aspects of experience.

A) emotional; behavioral
B) emotional; realistic
C) intellectual; behavioral
D) emotional; intellectual

Question 67

 Similar to depressed patients, bipolar patients may benefit from a change in their ____.

A) work schedule
B) roommates
C) sleep schedule
D) exercise routine

Question 68

 Ayisa suffers from seasonal affective disorder. She is most likely to have trouble with her symptoms _____.

A) when the days are short in the winter
B) when the leaves change in the fall
C) when it gets really hot in the summer
D) each time she has a menstrual cycle

Question 69

 What is one of the best treatments for seasonal affective disorder?

A) Bright light
B) Electroconvulsive shock therapy
C) Adrenal hormones
D) Dietary changes

Question 70

 ____ was originally called dementia praecox.

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Huntington's disease

Question 71

 Zakoria has been diagnosed with ____ and was given ____ as a treatment option.

A) schizophrenia; lithium
B) schizophrenia; LSD
C) bipolar disorder; lithium
D) bipolar disorder; neuroleptics

Question 72

 What is the difference between positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms?

A) Beneficial behaviors versus harmful behaviors
B) Behaviors that are present versus behaviors that are absent
C) Behaviors that are related to abnormal brain functioning versus those that are not
D) Behaviors shown by one personality versus behaviors shown by another

Question 73

 Which behavior is most suggestive of schizophrenia?

A) Alternation between one personality and another
B) Outbursts of unprovoked violent behavior toward strangers
C) Deterioration of daily functioning with disorganized speech and behavior
D) Episodes of being unable to remember certain events of one's past

Question 74

 Hallucinations, delusions, and grossly disorganized behavior are classified as which kind of symptoms?

A) Positive symptoms
B) Neutral symptoms
C) Negative symptoms
D) Ambiguous symptoms

Question 75

 Where is seasonal affective disorder most common?

A) In large cities
B) In small towns and rural areas
C) In tropical areas
D) Near the poles

Question 76

 An example of a "negative symptom" of schizophrenia is ____.

A) hallucinations
B) poor emotional expression
C) delusions
D) thought disorder

Question 77

 Physicians must carefully monitor the dose of lithium they give to bipolar patients because ____.

A) people develop a tolerance to the drug and must gradually increase their dosage
B) people develop a sensitivity to the drug and must gradually decrease their dosage
C) the amount of drug needed to achieve a good effect varies from one time of year to another
D) the most beneficial dosage is just less than the dosage that is toxic

Question 78

 Thelma has bipolar disorder. Since she didn't respond to lithium salts, her doctors prescribed her _____.

A) carbamazepine
B) MAOIs
C) methadone
D) LAAM

Question 79

 Barrett has schizophrenia. What cognitive symptoms might he experience?

A) Weak emotional expressions
B) Hallucinations
C) Delusions
D) Trouble maintaining and focusing attention

Question 80

 Trey is finding it hard to function in everyday life as a result of hearing voices and displaying disorganized behaviors. Given that isn't any other explanation, his doctors will likely diagnose him with _____.

A) autism
B) Asperger's syndrome
C) schizophrenia
D) multiple personality disorder