Deck 23: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary ventilation is

A)Boyle's law
B)Charles' law
C)Henry's law
D)The inhalation law
E)The law of partial pressure

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs?

A)Oxygen into blood,Carbon dioxide into blood
B)Oxygen out of blood,Carbon dioxide into blood
C)Oxygen into blood,Carbon dioxide out of blood
D)Oxygen out of blood,Carbon dioxide out of blood

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi?

A)Trachea
B)Larynx
C)Nasopharynx
D)Pharynx
E)None of these choices

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

A)Bound to hemoglobin
B)Bound to oxygen
C)Dissolved in plasma as a gas
D)Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
E)Diffusion

Question 5

Exhalation begins when

A)Inspiratory muscles relax
B)Diaphragm contracts
C)Blood circulation is the lowest
D)Both Inspiratory muscles relax and Diaphragm contracts
E)All of these choices

Question 6

Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?

A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C)hyaline cartilage
D)mucus membrane
E)bone

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange?

A)Partial pressure difference of gases
B)surface area availability for gas exchange
C)Diffusion distance
D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
E)All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange.

Question 8

Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume?

A)Total lung capacity
B)Functional residual capacity
C)Inspiratory capacity
D)Vital capacity
E)Minimal volume

Question 9

Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C)simple squamous epithelium
D)hyaline cartilage
E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

A)Nose
B)Oral cavity
C)Pharynx
D)Trachea
E)Nasal meatuses

Question 11

When blood pH drops,the amount of oxyhemoglobin _____ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _____.

A)Increases,increases
B)Increases,decreases
C)Decreases,increases
D)Decreases,decreases
E)Does not change,does not change

Question 12

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

A)Carina
B)Secondary bronchioles
C)Parietal pleura
D)Visceral pleura
E)Diaphragm

Question 13

Which structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea?

A)Arytenoid cartilage
B)Epiglottis
C)Nasopharynx
D)Thyroid cartilage
E)Paranasal sinus

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site?

A)Trachea
B)Bronchiole
C)Nasal sinuses
D)Alveolus
E)Bronchus

Question 15

Which of the following is a passageway for air,food and water?

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Paranasal sinuses
D)Trachea
E)Esophagus

Question 16

Which of the following are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant?

A)Type I alveolar cells
B)Type II alveolar cells
C)Type III alveolar cells
D)Surface cells
E)Macrophages

Question 17

Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?

A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C)ciliated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells
D)transitional epithelium with cilia
E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a conducting zone action?

A)Clean air of debris
B)Conduct air into the lungs
C)Add water to air
D)Warm air
E)All of these are actions of the conducting zone.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on?

A)Partial pressure difference of the gases
B)Surface area for gas exchange
C)Diffusion distance
D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
E)Force of contraction of diaphragm

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation?

A)Lung compliance
B)Surface tension of alveolar fluid
C)Elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs
D)Airway resistance
E)All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation

Question 21

An individual has an ideal weight of 125 pounds.Based on this fact,the estimated size of his anatomical (respiratory)dead space is

A)250 milliliters
B)65 milliliters
C)125 milliliters
D)100 milliliters
E)it cannot be determined with just this fact

Question 22

What is line D pointing to?

A)Thyrohyoid membrane
B)Corniculate cartilage
C)Cricothyroid ligament
D)Cricoid cartilage
E)Tracheal cartilage

Question 23

Where is the middle nasal concha?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 24

Where is the larynx?

A)I
B)M
C)L
D)N
E)O

Question 25

The MOST important factor that determines the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is

A)red blood count
B)volume of the blood
C)P_O2
D)heart rate
E)P_CO2

Question 26

Where is the cricoid cartilage?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 27

Where is the right bronchiole?

A)F
B)G
C)H
D)L
E)M

Question 28

What is E pointing to?

A)Soft palate
B)Ethmoid bone
C)Hard palate
D)Nasal septum
E)Air cells

Question 29

A White baby boy is born after 7 months of gestation.He develops difficulty breathing and looks slightly blue.He is most likely suffering from

A)the flu
B)bacterial pneumonia
C)asthma
D)respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
E)viral pneumonia

Question 30

Where is the uvula?

A)E
B)F
C)Q
D)S
E)U

Question 31

An individual suffers a blood clot in an artery that delivers blood to his leg.The leg begins to take on a blue hue,becomes colder than the rest of his body and he experiences numbness in the leg.He is most likely experiencing

A)anemic hypoxia
B)ischemic hypoxia
C)hypoxic hypoxia
D)histotoxic hypoxia
E)allergic hypoxia

Question 32

Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

A)pH of blood
B)Partial pressure of the oxygen
C)Amount of oxygen available
D)Temperature
E)Respiratory rate

Question 33

Where is the inferior nasal concha?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 34

An individual is suffering from gangrene.This is a condition where circulation to tissues is interrupted causing a serious reduction in oxygenation to these tissues.Anaerobic bacteria invade the tissues and must be treated.If antibiotics don't work,an intelligent treatment may include

A)hyperbaric oxygenation
B)fresh air
C)drinking liquids with alcohol
D)a reduction in ambient oxygen levels
E)all of these are valid treatments

Question 35

A man is found lying unconscious on the floor of his apartment during a very cold period.A space heater is nearby.His lips appear to be cherry red in color.He might be suffering from

A)carbon dioxide poisoning
B)sulfur dioxide poisoning
C)carbon monoxide poisoning
D)excessive oxygen intake
E)any of these is possible

Question 36

Where are the nasal conchae?

A)A
B)C
C)T
D)U
E)V

Question 37

What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?

A)E and K
B)D and J
C)F and L
D)H and M
E)A and B

Question 38

Which structure is also referred to as the Adam's Apple?

A)G
B)H
C)I
D)J
E)K

Question 39

What is line J pointing to?

A)Right secondary bronchus
B)Left secondary bronchus
C)Right primary bronchus
D)Left primary bronchus
E)Carina

Question 40

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

A)V
B)R
C)S
D)Q
E)U

Question 41

If an individual experiences a broken rib which is displaced sufficiently to puncture a lung,even though the outer skin is not punctured,he will most likely develop

A)pneumothorax
B)hemothorax
C)atelectasis
D)bronchiectasis
E)cachexia

Question 42

Which letter represents the primary gas exchange structure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E

Question 43

Which area in the figure represents a very deep inhalation,much greater than the tidal volume?

A)B
B)A
C)G
D)E
E)F

Question 44

Describe the inward forces of elastic recoil,and explain why the lungs do not normally collapse during expiration.

Question 45

Which area in the figure is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume?

A)H
B)A
C)G
D)E
E)F

Question 46

Which structure provides disease resistance within the lungs?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)None of these choices

Question 47

Normal quiet breathing is controlled by the

A)Pontine respiratory group
B)Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group
C)Medullary respiratory center ventral respiratory group
D)Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group and medullary respiratory center ventral respiratory group
E)all of these

Question 48

Which area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume?

A)A
B)B
C)G
D)E
E)H

Question 49

Describe and explain the effects of smoking on the functioning of the respiratory system.

Question 50

Describe the neural,chemical,and physical changes that increase the rate and depth of ventilation during exercise.

Question 51

Which area in the figure represents the volume of a normal breath?

A)B
B)A
C)G
D)E
E)F

Question 52

Which area in the figure is the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume?

A)B
B)A
C)G
D)D
E)F

Question 53

In chronic emphysema,some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue.In addition,the bronchioles are often inflamed,and expiratory volume is reduced.Using proper respiratory system terminology,explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.

Question 54

Which area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume?

A)H
B)B
C)G
D)E
E)F

Question 55

Which area in the figure represents the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a deep exhalation?

A)C
B)H
C)D
D)B
E)G

Question 56

What are lines C pointing to?

A)Terminal bronchiole
B)Respiratory bronchiole
C)Alveolar ducts
D)Alveolar sac
E)Alveoli

Question 57

Where is the terminal bronchiole?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 58

What is line B pointing to?

A)Carina
B)Visceral pleura
C)Parietal pleura
D)Pleural cavity
E)Diaphragm

Question 59

Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)All of these choices

Question 60

Which cell secretes surfactant?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)None of these choices

Question 61

Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis,which produces a sharp sound on inhalation?

A)sneezing
B)coughing
C)laughing
D)hiccupping
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 62

Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate,accompanied by characteristic facial expressions?

A)sneezing
B)yawning
C)hiccupping
D)laughing
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 63

Which of the following is a forced exhalation against the closed rima glottidis as may occur during periods of straining while defecating?

A)sobbing
B)coughing
C)crying
D)hiccupping
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 64

Which of the following is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing an exaggerated depression of the mandible,the precise cause of which is unknown?

A)sobbing
B)yawning
C)coughing
D)laughing
E)hiccupping

Question 65

The volume of one breath is called the

A)inspiratory reserve volume
B)expiratory reserve volume
C)tidal volume
D)vital capacity
E)forced expiratory volume

Question 66

During quiet inhalation,which respiratory muscles contract?

A)diaphragm and external intercostals
B)diaphragm and internal intercostals
C)internal and external intercostals
D)diaphragm and external obliques
E)diaphragm and internal obliques

Question 67

Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation?

A)sobbing
B)yawning
C)sighing
D)hiccupping
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 68

Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate,accompanied by characteristic facial expressions?

A)sneezing
B)yawning
C)hiccupping
D)crying
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 69

Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth?

A)sobbing
B)sneezing
C)coughing
D)sighing
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 70

Which structure in the figure is the hyoid bone?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 71

Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

A)in the medulla
B)in the pons
C)in the cerebrum
D)in the hypothalamus
E)in the cerebellum

Question 72

Which structure in the figure is the ventricular fold?

A)F
B)D
C)C
D)E
E)G

Question 73

Which area in the figure represents a very deep exhalation,much greater than the tidal volume?

A)C
B)H
C)D
D)B
E)G

Question 74

Which of the following is a series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single prolonged exhalation where the rima glottidis closes earlier than normal after each inhalation so only a little air enters the lung with each inhalation?

A)sobbing
B)sneezing
C)coughing
D)hiccupping
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 75

The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears,nose and throat is

A)otology
B)laryngology
C)pulmonology
D)otolaryngology
E)ophthalmology

Question 76

Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the rima glottidis,which results in a strong exhalation,pushing the rima glottidis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages?

A)crying
B)sneezing
C)coughing
D)sighing
E)Valsalva maneuver

Question 77

The surgical procedure used to cosmetically reshape the nose or to correct a deviated septum or fracture of the nose is called

A)otoplasty
B)rhinoplasty
C)mammoplasty
D)laryngoplasty
E)ophthalmoplasty

Question 78

With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

A)muscular
B)digestive
C)nervous
D)endocrine
E)urinary

Question 79

Coryza is the medical name for

A)influenza
B)bacterial pneumonia
C)viral pneumonia
D)the common cold
E)asthma

Question 80

Which structure in the figure is the vocal fold?

A)F
B)D
C)C
D)E
E)G