Deck 25: Metabolism and Nutrition

Question 1

Glycolysis,formation of acetyl CoA,Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in:

A)Lipogensis
B)Gluconeogenesis
C)Glucose catabolism
D)Formation of Glycogen
E)Formation of vitamin C

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed?

A)Adenosine diphosphate
B)GTP
C)Adenosine monophosphate
D)Metabolic water
E)Glucose

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is a derivative of riboflavin?

A)NAD
B)FAD
C)Lactic acid
D)Pyruvic acid
E)ADP

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Reduction is the

A)The removal of protons
B)The removal of electrons
C)The addition of protons
D)The addition of electrons
E)None of these choices

Question 5

Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides?

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Lipogenesis
C)Phosphorylation
D)Glycolysis
E)Lipolysis

Question 6

The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include:

A)water
B)carbon dioxide
C)ATP
D)oxygen
E)waste heat

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

A)Insulin
B)Human Growth hormone
C)Epinephrine
D)Thyroid hormone
E)Cortisol

Question 8

How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 9

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called:

A)Metabolism
B)Anabolism
C)Catabolism
D)Metatheses
E)Oxidation reactions

Question 10

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as

A)Metabolism
B)Anabolism
C)Catabolism
D)Metatheses
E)None of these choices

Question 11

How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 12

Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found?

A)Cytosol of the cell
B)Plasma membrane
C)Lysozyme
D)Mitochondria
E)Interstitial fluid

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation?

A)Reduction phosphorylation
B)Substrate level phosphorylation
C)Oxidative phosphorylation
D)Photophosphorylation
E)None of these choices

Question 14

Accumulation of a large amount of H⁺ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes,is described as

A)Proton pump
B)Chemiosmosis
C)Krebs cycle
D)ATP synthesis
E)Glycolysis

Question 15

The most important product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is

A)Carbon dioxide
B)GTP
C)Reduced coenzymes
D)pyruvate
E)water

Question 16

Glycogenesis is NOT

A)performed by the hepatocytes
B)performed by muscle fibers
C)one way to make glycogen
D)one way to make glucose
E)only seen in the liver

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis?

A)Insulin
B)Glucase
C)Estrogen
D)Lactic acid
E)Protease

Question 18

Oxidation is

A)The removal of protons
B)The removal of electrons
C)The addition of protons
D)The addition of electrons
E)None of these choices

Question 19

Which of the following is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)Phosphofructokinase
D)Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
E)FAD

Question 20

Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide,ATP,NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂?

A)Glycolysis
B)Formation of acetyl co-A
C)Krebs cycle
D)Electron transport chain
E)Phosphorylation

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction?

A)Breakdown of liver glycogen
B)Lipogenesis
C)Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid
D)Gluconeogenesis using amino acids
E)Protein catabolism

Question 22

Which of the following is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact?

A)Conduction
B)Convection
C)Radiation
D)Evaporation
E)Metabolic rate

Question 23

Excess amino acids in the body are

A)Excreted in urine
B)Excreted in feces
C)Converted into glucose
D)Stored as ATP
E)Converted into proteins

Question 24

Where does glycolysis take place?

A)Cytosol
B)Plasma membrane
C)Nucleus
D)Mitochondria
E)Golgi Apparatus

Question 25

Why is Calorie sometimes spelled with a capital "C"?

A)It is named after Dr.Calorie
B)It is named for the country where it was discovered
C)It is named after the province where it was discovered
D)To distinguish it from the chemistry term calorie
E)Because,at times,it represents a kilocalorie

Question 26

Thyroid hormones:

A)Aid in glycogenesis
B)Inhibit gluconeogenesis
C)Inhibit lipogenesis
D)Promote glycolysis
E)Promote gluconeogenesis

Question 27

Glycogenolysis is [dropdown 1] and stimulated by [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
anabolic
catabolic
synthetic
dynamic
Dropdown 2 choices:
epinephrine
insulin
thyroid hormone
vitamins

Question 28

Glucose-6-phosphate

A)Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate
B)Can be dephosphorylated to glucose
C)Can be used to synthesize glycogen
D)Can be converted to pyruvic acid
E)All of these choices

Question 29

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

A)Cytosol
B)Plasma membrane
C)Nucleus
D)Mitochondria
E)Golgi Apparatus

Question 30

Lipogenesis occurs when

A)More calories are consumed than required for ATP need
B)Fewer calories are consumed than required for ATP need
C)More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
D)Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
E)Gluconeogenesis fails

Question 31

In the absorptive state,most glucose that enters the liver is converted to

A)Pyruvic acid
B)Glycogen
C)Amino acids
D)Insulin
E)Glucase

Question 32

Which of the following is used in "metabolic crossroads"?

A)Pyruvic acid
B)Glycogen
C)Ribose
D)ATP
E)Lipase

Question 33

The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is

A)Decrease in the formation of ketone bodies
B)Increase in ATP production
C)Inhibition of insulin
D)Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
E)Increase in lipolysis

Question 34

Liver cells convert:

A)Urea into ammonia
B)Ammonia into lactic acid
C)Lactic acid into urea
D)Pyruvic acid into urea
E)Ammonia into urea

Question 35

Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production?

A)Exercise
B)Hormones
C)Nervous system
D)Ingestion of food
E)Blood volume

Question 36

Which of the following transports dietary lipids to adipose tissue?

A)Apoproteins
B)Low density lipoproteins
C)Chylomicrons
D)Very low density lipoproteins
E)High density lipoproteins

Question 37

In the absorptive state

A)Storage of energy is important
B)Filtration is important
C)Reabsorption is important
D)Synthesis is important
E)Production of heat is important

Question 38

Most cholesterol medications are designed to:

A)Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces
B)Promote the absorption of cholesterol
C)Decrease the filtration of cholesterol
D)Inhibit glucose absorption
E)None of these choices

Question 39

Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from

A)Lactic acid
B)Pyruvic acid
C)Glucose-6-phosphate
D)Proteins
E)Lipids

Question 40

Keto acids

A)Can enter the Krebs cycle
B)Are used for ATP production
C)Can be used to make lipids
D)Can enter the Krebs cycle or be used for ATP production
E)Convert into aldehydes in the liver

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a fate that awaits glucose 6-phophate after it is formed in a cell?

A)Synthesis of glycogen
B)Release of glucose into the blood stream
C)Synthesis of nucleic acids
D)Glycolysis
E)Gluconeogenesis

Question 42

The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that

A)Decrease smooth muscle tone
B)Increase blood glucose
C)Stimulate skeletal muscle activity (shivering)
D)Inhibit the sympathetic division
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 43

Provitamins are

A)Building blocks of vitamins
B)Broken down glucose molecules
C)Derivatives of minerals
D)Found only in the blood
E)Not stored in the body

Question 44

Why are 10 of the amino acids in the human body designated as essential amino acids?

Question 45

Which of the following helps the core temperature to increase?

A)Constriction of blood vessels of the skin.
B)Increase in cellular respiration.
C)Shivering.
D)Thyroid hormone induced increase in metabolic rate.
E)All of these are methods for core temperature increase.

Question 46

Which hormone is the primary hormone involved in protein breakdown in the postabsorptive state?

A)Glucagon
B)Epinephrine
C)Cortisol
D)Glucagon
E)Thyroid Hormone

Question 47

Antioxidant vitamins

A)Are found in plasma membranes
B)Are vitamin derivatives
C)Can inactivate oxygen free radicals
D)Are all excreted in feces
E)Are all stored in adipose cells

Question 48

How does the hypothalamus regulate food intake?

Question 49

What are the possible fates of pyruvic acid in the body? What is the primary determinant of the fate of pyruvic acid? What is the fate of compounds to which pyruvic acid may be converted?

Question 50

Food induced thermogenesis

A)accounts for 30% of total energy expended
B)is known as insensible loss
C)is inhibited by the hypothalamus
D)is the opposite of ketosis
E)None of these choices

Question 51

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A)Vitamin B
B)Vitamin E
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin O
E)None of these choices

Question 52

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Hypothalamus
C)Cerebral cortex
D)Liver
E)Kidney

Question 53

Briefly outline the possible fates of glucose in the body.

Question 54

Which vitamins are considered "antioxidant vitamins?" Why is this role so important?

Question 55

What is the difference between a complete protein and an incomplete protein?

Question 56

Neuropeptide Y stimulates

A)Release of insulin
B)Inhibition of glucagons
C)Thirst centers
D)Thermogenesis
E)Food intake

Question 57

Identify the different types of lipoproteins and describe the function of each.

Question 58

The higher the relative humidity

A)The higher the rate of radiation
B)The lower the rate of conduction
C)The higher the rate of convection
D)The lower the rate of thermoregulation
E)The lower the rate of evaporation

Question 59

Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Glycogen
C)Proteins
D)Minerals
E)Vitamins

Question 60

Which hormone(s)dominate(s)the absorptive state?

A)Insulin
B)Glucagon
C)HGH
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 61

A deficiency of vitamin B₁ may cause

A)pellagra
B)pernicious anemia
C)beriberi
D)polyneuritis
E)scurvy

Question 62

Which hormones are the main stimulating hormones in the postabsorptive state process of glycogenolysis?

A)Epinephrine
B)Glucagon
C)Cortisol
D)Epinephrine and Glucagon
E)Glucagon and Cortisol

Question 63

An excess intake of vitamin A is called [dropdown 1] and is characterized by several different symptoms,including [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
hypovitaminosis A
kwashiorkor
marasmus
hypervitaminosis A
bulimia
Dropdown 2 choices:
ringing in the ears
fever
diabetes
coma and death
blindness

Question 64

An individual suffers from easily fractured bones.Which vitamin deficiency is he most likely experiencing?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 65

A deficiency of chloride in the diet may cause

A)difficulty digesting food
B)water imbalance
C)acid-base imbalance in the blood
D)fragile bones and teeth
E)deficient erythropoiesis

Question 66

Which nutrient is required by the thyroid gland to synthesize thyroid hormones?

A)Calcium
B)Magnesium
C)Iodide
D)Manganese
E)Sodium

Question 67

Which of the following is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

A)Zinc
B)Chromium
C)Selenium
D)Cobalt
E)Copper

Question 68

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the GI tract?

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)K
E)C

Question 69

Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A)Calcium
B)Sodium
C)Magnesium
D)Phosphorus
E)Iron

Question 70

A patient is on a diuretic (water pill)to help combat hypertension.The medication is not potassium sparing.What side effects might the patient suffer?

A)interference with ATP production
B)weak bones
C)interference with action potential generation
D)anemia
E)low levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 71

Where is the body's thermostat located?

A)Cerebral cortex
B)Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
C)Postoptic area of the hypothalamus
D)Thalamus
E)Cerebellum

Question 72

This chronic disorder,characterized by self-induced weight loss,negative perception of body image and physiological changes due to malnutrition,occurs predominantly in young females who often tend to abuse [dropdown 1].The condition is [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
cocaine
laxatives
stimulants
heroin
marijuana
Dropdown 2 choices:
anorexia nervosa
marasmus
depression
bipolar disorder
psychosis

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the metabolic rate and the rate of heat production?

A)Hormones
B)Nervous system
C)Food ingestion
D)Age
E)All of these are factors

Question 74

Obesity is defined as a body weight that is more than [dropdown 1] above a desirable standard.Greater than [dropdown 2] of the adult population in the United States suffers from this.
Dropdown 1 choices:
5%
10%
20%
30%
50%
Dropdown 2 choices;
one-fifth
one-half
one-third
two-thirds
three-quarters

Question 75

Which vitamin deficiency can result in hemolytic anemia?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 76

Which of the following disorders is a disorder in which protein intake is deficient despite normal or nearly normal caloric intake?

A)Marasmus
B)Kwashiorkor
C)Bulimia
D)Malnutrition
E)None of these

Question 77

Which of the following is a protein-calorie under-nutrition that results in retarded growth,low weight,muscle wasting,emaciation,and dry skin?

A)Marasmus
B)Kwashiorkor
C)Malnutrition
D)Both Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
E)Both Kwashiorkor and Malnutrition

Question 78

Which of the following is a potential cause of hypothermia?

A)Overwhelming cold stress
B)Metabolic diseases
C)Drugs
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 79

An individual is living on a tropical island during a period where temperatures are much higher than normal.He decides to begin vigorous exercise.He is at serious risk of

A)heat cramps
B)heat exhaustion
C)heat prostration
D)heatstroke
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 80

Which of the following would be an end product at the "metabolic crossroads"?

A)Glucose 6-phosphate
B)Pyruvic acid
C)Acetyl coenzyme a
D)Glycogen
E)All of these are molecules at the "metabolic crossroads"