Deck 24: Wave Optics

Question 1

A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up where a screen is positioned 1.2 m from the double slits.If the distance between alternating bright fringes is 0.83 cm,and the light source has a wavelength of 579 nm,what is the separation of the double slits? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)1.2E-2 m
B)8.4E-5 m
C)7.0E-6 m
D)9.0E-5 m
E)4.0E-9 m

Answer 1

8.4E-5 m

Question 2

In a Young's double-slit interference apparatus,the distance from the slits to the screen is doubled.The distance between adjacent light and dark fringes changes by a factor of:

A)1/4.
B)1/2.
C)1.
D)2.
E)​4.

Answer 2

2.

Question 3

​A Young's double-slit experiment is performed,and the distance between bright fringes is d₀.If the experiment is repeated,this time under water,what is the relationship between the new distance between bright fringes,d_w,and the original distance,d₀?

A)​dw < d₀
B)​dw = d₀
C)​dw > d₀
D)​Not enough information

Answer 3

​dw < d₀

Question 4

A Young's double-slit experiment is performed in air and then the apparatus is submerged in water.What happens to the fringe separation,and what can be used to explain the change,if any?

A)The separation stays the as it is the same experiment independent of the medium.
B)The separation decreases because the frequency of the light decreases in the water.
C)The separation increases because the wavelength of the light increases in the water.
D)The separation decreases because the wavelength of the light decreases in the water.

Question 5

Waves from a radio station with a wavelength of 644 m arrive at a home receiver a distance 50 km away from the transmitter by two paths.One is a direct-line path and the second by reflection from a mountain directly behind the receiver.What is the minimum distance between the mountain and receiver such that destructive interference occurs at the location of the listener? Assume no phase change on reflection.

A)161 m
B)322 m
C)483 m
D)644 m
E)1290 m

Question 6

In a Young's double-slit experiment,by how many wavelengths do the paths from the slits to the screen differ for the m = 3 and the m = 8 minima?

A)10
B)2.5
C)5
D)Some other value than those given since this is for destructive interference.

Question 7

Interference effects observed in the early 1800s were instrumental in supporting a concept of the existence of which property of light?

A)polarization
B)particle nature
C)wave nature
D)electromagnetic character

Question 8

A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up.The source wavelength is 424 nm,and the double-slit spacing is 0.0560 mm.At what distance from the double slits should the screen be placed if the spacing between alternating bright fringes is to be 1.60 cm? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)211 m
B)2.11 m.
C)0.825 m
D)279 m
E)2.11 m..

Question 9

A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up.A screen is positioned 1.30 m from the double slits,and the spacing between the two slits is 0.0392 mm.The distance between alternating bright fringes is 1.16 cm.What is the light source wavelength? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)312 nm
B)346 nm
C)321 nm
D)350 nm
E)325 nm

Question 10

If a wave from one slit of a Young's double-slit set-up arrives at a point on the screen one wavelength behind the wave from the other slit,what is observed at that point?

A)dark fringe
B)bright fringe
C)multi-colored fringe
D)gray fringe,neither dark nor bright

Question 11

A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up so that a screen is positioned 2.1 m from the double slits,and the spacing between the two slits is 0.033 mm.What is the distance between alternating bright fringes on the screen if the light source has a wavelength of 678 nm? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)3.0E-4 m
B)4.3E-2 m
C)2.1E-2 m
D)4.7E-2 m
E)1.1E-2 m

Question 12

In a Young's double-slit interference apparatus,by what factor is the distance between adjacent light and dark fringes changed when the separation between slits is tripled?

A)1/9
B)1/3
C)1
D)3
E)​9

Question 13

A light source simultaneously emits light of two wavelengths,460 nm and 654 nm,respectively.The source is used in a double-slit interference experiment where the slit spacing is a 0.0431 mm,and the distance between double slits and the screen is 0.90 m.What is the separation between the second-order bright fringes of the two wavelengths as they appear on the screen? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)4.1E-3 m
B)2.1E-3 m
C)8.1E-3 m
D)6.9E-3 m
E)4.7E-2 m

Question 14

In order to produce a sustained interference pattern by light waves from multiple sources,which of the following conditions must be met?

A)Sources are coherent.
B)Sources are monochromatic.
C)Both choices above are valid.
D)None of the choices above are valid.

Question 15

Two narrow slits are 0.0280 mm apart.When a laser shines on them,bright fringes form on a screen that is a meter away.These fringes are 6.06 cm apart.What is the separation between the second-order bright fringe and the central fringe?

A)1.70 cm
B)12.1 cm
C)12.0 cm
D)36.8 cm
E)6.34 cm

Question 16

A Young's double slit has a slit separation of 1.65 × 10−⁵ m on which a monochromatic light beam is directed.The resultant bright fringes on a screen 1.10 m from the double slit are separated by 2.25 × 10−² m.What is the wavelength of this beam? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)6.90 nm
B)205 nm
C)337 nm
D)338 nm
E)408 nm

Question 17

In a Young's double-slit experiment,both the wavelength and the slit separation are increased by 50%.What happens to the distance between two adjacent bright fringes?

A)It increases by 50%.
B)It decreases by 50%.
C)The distance stays the same.
D)The distance increases by a 100% or more.

Question 18

In a Young's double-slit experiment,what happens to the angular separation between the fringes when the wavelength is increased at the same time that the slit separation is decreased?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It stays the same.
D)The relative sizes of the changes need to be known before a definite answer can be given.

Question 19

In a Young's double-slit interference apparatus,by what factor is the distance between adjacent light and dark fringes changed when the wavelength of the source is doubled?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)1
D)2
E)​4

Question 20

Two beams of coherent light are shining on the same piece of white paper.With respect to the crests and troughs of such waves,darkness will occur on the paper where:

A)the crest from one wave overlaps with the crest from the other.
B)the crest from one wave overlaps with the trough from the other.
C)the troughs from both waves overlap.
D)darkness cannot occur as the two waves are coherent.

Question 21

Light of wavelength 450 nm shines on a soap bubble film (n = 1.46).For what soap film thickness,other than the minimum thickness,will constructive interference occur?

A)771 nm
B)154 nm
C)493 nm
D)231 nm
E)462 nm

Question 22

A silicon monoxide (n = 1.45)film of 322-nm thickness is used to coat a glass camera lens (n = 1.56).What wavelength of light in the visible region (390 to 710 nm)will be most efficiently transmitted by this system? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)467 nm
B)498 nm
C)623 nm
D)527 nm
E)736 nm

Question 23

Two closely spaced parallel glass plates are separated by 977 nm.What wavelength light source in the visible region (390 nm to 710 nm)will experience maximum transmission through the two plates?

A)651 nm
B)695 nm
C)655 nm
D)618 nm
E)​601 nm

Question 24

A silicon monoxide (n = 1.45)film of 112-nm thickness is used to coat a glass camera lens (n = 1.56).What wavelength of light in the visible region (390 to 710 nm)will be most efficiently transmitted by this system? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)520 nm
B)768 nm
C)715 nm
D)650 nm
E)455 nm

Question 25

What wavelength monochromatic source in the visible region (390 to 710 nm)can be used to constructively reflect off a soap film (n = 1.46)if the film is 214 nm thick?

A)417 nm
B)446 nm
C)406 nm
D)489 nm
E)479 nm

Question 26

A beam of light of wavelength 674 nm is incident along the normal to two closely spaced parallel glass plates.For what air gap separation between the plates will the transmitted beam be of maximum intensity? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)169 nm
B)674 nm
C)337 nm
D)843 nm
E)506 nm

Question 27

That light can undergo interference is evidence that it:

A)has electric properties.
B)is made of corpuscles.
C)behaves like a wave.
D)has a phase of 180°.

Question 28

In a Young's experiment,the paths from the slits to a point on the screen differ in length,causing destructive interference at the point.Which of the following path difference would cause this destructive interference?

A)5λ/2
B)3λ/4
C)4λ
D)None of the above.

Question 29

In a Young's double-slit experiment,how many maxima occur between the 5^th-order maxima?

A)8
B)9
C)10
D)25
E)Three more than the number of minima.

Question 30

In a Young's experiment,the paths from the slits to a point on the screen differ in length causing constructive interference at the point.Which of the following path differences would cause this constructive interference?

A)5λ/2
B)3λ/4
C)4λ
D)None of the above.

Question 31

Laser light sent through a double slit produces an interference pattern on a screen 3.00 m from the slits.If the eighth-order maximum occurs at an angle of 63.4°,at what angle does the third-order maximum occur?

A)No third-order maximum occurs.
B)0.34°
C)19.6°
D)23.8°
E)Not enough information is given.

Question 32

If the 5th-order fringe in Young's double-slit experiment occurs at an angle of 38.7°,what is the relationship between the wavelength λ and the distance between slits,d?

A)d = 3.12λ
B)d = 40.00λ
C)d = 8.00λ
D)d = 10.30λ
E)d = 0.12λ

Question 33

What is the minimum thickness of a glycerin film (n = 1.47)on which light of wavelength 684 nm shines that results in constructive interference of the reflected light? Assume the film is surrounded front and back by air.

A)233 nm
B)116 nm
C)251 nm
D)503 nm
E)126 nm

Question 34

Two flat glass plates are in contact along one end and are separated by a sheet of paper 3.3 × 10−⁶ m thick at the other end.The top plate is illuminated by a monochromatic light source of wavelength 514 nm.How many dark parallel bands will be evident across the top plate? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)7
B)11
C)6
D)13
E)9

Question 35

Two flat glass plates are in contact along one end and are separated by a sheet of tissue paper at the other end.A monochromatic source of wavelength 427 nm illuminates the top plate.If 11 dark bands are counted across the top plate,what is the paper thickness? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)4.3E-6 m
B)1.7E-6 m
C)2.1E-6 m
D)2.6E-6 m
E)1.3E-6 m

Question 36

The dark spot observed in the center of a Newton's rings pattern is attributed to which of the following?

A)polarization of light when reflected
B)polarization of light when refracted
C)phase shift of light when reflected
D)phase shift of light when refracted

Question 37

After light from a source passes through two slits,a first-order bright spot is seen on the wall at point P.Which distance is equal to the wavelength of the light?

A)the extra distance one beam must travel
B)the distance between beams as they leave the slit
C)the distance of point P from the central point of the interference pattern
D)the distance between slits

Question 38

A Young's interference experiment is conducted with violet argon laser light (λ = 409 nm).The separation between the slits is 0.66 mm,and the interference pattern appears on a screen 3.8 m away.What is the spacing between the bright fringes? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)1.5E-3 m
B)2.4E-3 m
C)1.5E+4 m
D)4.7E-3 m
E)1.6E-3 m

Question 39

What wavelength monochromatic source in the visible region (390 to 710 nm)can be used to constructively reflect off a soap film (n = 1.46)if the film is 78.0 nm thick?

A)467 nm
B)386 nm
C)456 nm
D)404 nm
E)499 nm

Question 40

A silicon monoxide thin film (n = 1.45)of thickness 73.9 nm is applied to a camera lens made of glass (n = 1.55).This will result in destructive interference for reflected light of what wavelength?

A)571 nm
B)343 nm
C)429 nm
D)311 nm
E)536 nm

Question 41

Upon reflection,light undergoes a 180° phase change:

A)always.
B)if the incident medium has the higher index of refraction.
C)if the incident medium has the lower index of refraction.
D)whenever the incident angle is less than the critical angle.

Question 42

A surface is coated with a material having index of refraction 1.41.If light in air has a wavelength of 701 nm and is normally incident on this surface,and it is found through interference effects with this light that the surface is 11 wavelengths thick,which of the following is the thickness of the surface?

A)4.5E-8 m
B)5.5E-6 m
C)2.7E-6 m
D)1.4E-6 m
E)2.1E-5 m

Question 43

A possible means for making an airplane radar-invisible is to coat the plane with an antireflective polymer.If radar waves have a wavelength of 6.00 cm,and the index of refraction of the polymer is n = 1.68,how thick would the coating be if a 180° phase change occurs at both surfaces?

A)17.9 mm
B)35.7 mm
C)8.93 mm
D)4.46 mm
E)25.2 mm

Question 44

A soap bubble (n = 1.35)is floating in air.If the thickness of the bubble wall is 328 nm,which of the following wavelengths of visible light is strongly reflected?

A)621 nm (orange)
B)547 nm (green)
C)590 nm (yellow)
D)707 nm (red)
E)​429 nm (violet)

Question 45

A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created by monochromatic light shining through which of the following?

A)single slit
B)double slit
C)triple slit
D)more than 3 slits

Question 46

Light of wavelength 418 nm is incident on a slit of width 0.35 mm,and a diffraction pattern is produced on a screen that is 2.4 m from the slit.What is the distance of the second dark fringe from the center of the bright fringe? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)2.9E-7 m
B)5.7E-3 m
C)1.6E-3 m
D)1.4E-6 m
E)1.1E-6 m

Question 47

Light of wavelength 420 nm is incident on a slit of width 0.20 mm,and a diffraction pattern is produced on a screen that is 1.80 m from the slit.What is the width of the central bright fringe? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)3.8E-3 m
B)7.6E-3 m
C)1.2E-3 m
D)1.4E-2 m
E)2.0E-2 m

Question 48

Light travels from outside a building to inside through a pane of glass.Which of the following is true regarding the phase change upon reflection in the case?

A)No phase change occurs at either the inside surface or the outside surface of the glass.
B)A 180^o phase change occurs at both the inside surface and the outside surface.
C)A 180^o phase change occurs at the inside surface but not at the outside surface.
D)A 180^o phase change occurs at the outside surface but not at the inside surface.

Question 49

When light passes from a material with a high index of refraction into material with a low index of refraction:

A)none of the light is reflected.
B)some light is reflected without a change of phase.
C)some light is reflected with a 180° change of phase.
D)the light that is not reflected has a 180° change of phase.

Question 50

The blue tint of a coated camera lens is largely caused by what effects?

A)diffraction
B)refraction
C)polarization
D)interference

Question 51

Dielectric mirrors are made to have extremely high reflectance

A)by stacking thin layers of a single dielectric material on a glass backing so that the reflections from the surfaces of the layers undergoconstructive interference.
B)by stacking thin layers of a single dielectric material on a glass backing so that the reflections from the surfaces of the layers undergo destructive interference.
C)by stacking thin layers of different dielectric materials on a glass backing so that the reflections from the surfaces of the layers undergo constructive interference.
D)by stacking thin layers of different dielectric materials on a glass backing so that the reflections from the surfaces of the layers undergo destructive interference.

Question 52

Newton's rings:

A)are a sound that light can cause.
B)require oil to occur.
C)are a result of Fraunhofer diffraction.
D)are an interference phenomenon.

Question 53

"Perfect mirrors" are made by

A)coating a glass surface with an extremely pure layer of silver or aluminum.
B)coating a glass surface with an extremely pure layer of silver or aluminum and then coating the metal surface with a quarter-wavelength thickness of the dielectric magnesium fluoride.
C)stacking thin layers of different dielectric materials on a glass surface.
D)heating an ordinary mirror almost to its melting point.

Question 54

Two thin layers of material with different indices of refraction are coated on a glass plate.The outer first material has n₁ = 1.461,the inner second material has n₂ = 1.544,and the glass has n_glass = 1.62.If light is incident from air on the first layer,what is the phase change for light that reflects from the glass?

A)180°
B)0°
C)360°
D)540°
E)​720°

Question 55

A silicon monoxide thin film (n = 1.45)of thickness 77.6 nm is applied to a camera lens made of glass (n = 1.55).This will result in a destructive interference for reflected light of what wavelength?

A)720 nm
B)558 nm
C)450 nm
D)522 nm

Question 56

When light shines on a lens placed on a flat piece of glass,interference occurs which causes circular fringes called Newton's rings.The two beams that are interfering come:

A)from the top and bottom surface of the lens.
B)from the top surface of the lens and the top surface of the piece of glass.
C)from the bottom surface of the lens and the top surface of the piece of glass.
D)from the top and bottom surface of the flat piece of glass.

Question 57

Light travels from inside a building to outside through a pane of glass.Which of the following is true regarding the phase change upon reflection in the case?

A)A 180^o phase change occurs at the inside surface but not at the outside surface.
B)A 180^o phase change occurs at the outside surface but not at the inside surface.
C)A 180^o phase change occurs at both the inside surface and the outside surface.
D)No phase change occurs at either the inside surface or the outside surface of the glass.

Question 58

A puddle of water (n = 1.33)is covered with a very thin layer of oil (n = 1.20).How thick is the oil in the region that strongly reflects light with a wavelength of 531 nm?

A)111 nm
B)221 nm
C)443 nm
D)295 nm
E)​239 nm

Question 59

Light is reflecting off a wedge-shaped thin piece of glass producing bright and dark interference fringes.If a certain location has a bright fringe,a nearby point will have a dark fringe if the thickness of the glass increases by:

A)1/8 of a wavelength of the light.
B)1/4 of a wavelength of the light.
C)1/2 of a wavelength of the light.
D)one wavelength of the light.

Question 60

The center spot of Newton's rings is dark.This destructive interference occurs because:

A)the two beams travel distances that are different by half a wavelength.
B)both waves change phase by 180° as they are reflected.
C)one beam changes phase by 180° when it is reflected.
D)both waves have a trough.

Question 61

A multiple-slit diffraction grating has a slit separation of 1.75 × 10−⁶ m.Find the wavelength of the monochromatic light that will have its second-order bright fringe diffracted through an angle of 36.0°.(1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)389 nm
B)868 nm
C)514 nm
D)343 nm
E)257 nm

Question 62

At what angle will the fourth-order maximum occur for a wavelength of 513 nm using a diffraction grating with 10 890 lines per cm?

A)30°
B)90°
C)No fourth-order maximum will occur in this case.
D)1.6°
E)12.8°

Question 63

At what angle will the highest-order maximum appear for a wavelength of 412 nm using a grating with 435 lines per mm?

A)46°
B)64°
C)1.1°
D)68°
E)90°

Question 64

In the straight-ahead direction (θ = 0°)in Fraunhofer diffraction,which of the following is observed on the screen?

A)a minimum equal in width to the adjacent minima
B)a minimum double in width to the adjacent minima
C)a maximum equal in width to the adjacent maxima
D)a maximum double in width to the adjacent maxima

Question 65

Sodium's emission lines at 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm pass through a diffraction grating and form two m = +1 maxima on a viewing screen.For which situation would the spacing between the two lines increase?​

A)​The grating is exchanged for one having fewer lines per millimeter
B)​The grating is exchanged for one with twice the total number of lines.
C)The maxima are viewed in second order.
D)​The intensity of the light is doubled.

Question 66

Diffraction grating №1 has half the lines/cm that diffraction grating №2 does.When used with a certain wavelength of light,both gratings give first-order maxima.Which of the following statements is true for the same wavelength of light.

A)Both gratings must also give second-order maxima.
B)Grating №1 must give a second-order maximum.
C)Grating №2 must give a second-order maximum.
D)It is possible that neither grating gives a second-order maximum.

Question 67

Helium-neon laser light (λ = 632.8 nm)is sent through a single slit of width 0.55 mm.What is the width of the central maximum on a screen 1.4 m in back of the slit? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)1.6E-3 m
B)8.0E-4 m
C)3.2E-3 m
D)7.5E-5 m
E)1.5E-4 m

Question 68

In a single-slit diffraction experiment,the angular width of the central maximum is 0.16°.The width of the slit is then doubled as is the distance to the screen.What is the resulting angular width of the central maximum?

A)0.64°
B)0.080°
C)0.32°
D)0.16°

Question 69

In a single-slit diffraction experiment,the width of the central maximum is 6.0 mm.The width of the slit is then doubled as is the distance to the screen.What is the resulting width of the central maximum?

A)12 mm
B)6.0 mm
C)24 mm
D)3.0 mm

Question 70

A diffraction grating has 6 700 lines/cm.What is the slit separation?

A)6.7E-3 m
B)1.5E-6 m
C)1.5E-9 m
D)6.7E-7 m
E)Not enough information

Question 71

A beam of polarized light of intensity I₀ passes through a sheet of ideal polarizing material.The polarization axis of the beam and the transmission axis of the sheet differ by 38°.What is the intensity of the emerging light?

A)0.79I₀
B)0.62I₀
C)0.91I₀
D)0.90I₀
E)0.96I₀

Question 72

A wavelength of 540 nm yields a first-order maximum at 13.4° with a grating.At what angle will the second-order maximum appear for this wavelength?

A)No second-order maximum exists in this case.
B)90°
C)-13°
D)28°
E)1.16°

Question 73

A laser shines 630-nm light through a grating producing a first-order (m = 1)maximum at an angle of 30°.A second laser produces a first-order maximum with the same grating at 20°.What is the wavelength emitted by the second laser?

A)945 nm
B)651 nm
C)420 nm
D)431 nm

Question 74

A beam of unpolarized light in air strikes a flat piece of glass at an angle of incidence of 50.6°.If the reflected beam is completely polarized,what is the index of refraction of the glass?

A)1.48
B)1.22
C)1.57
D)1.16
E)​1.78

Question 75

What is the highest-order (m value)maximum for wavelength 450 nm that can be obtained with a grating with 300 lines per mm?

A)8
B)3
C)7
D)4

Question 76

That all points on a wave front act as new sources of spherical waves is attributed to:

A)Maxwell.
B)Young.
C)Thomas.
D)Huygens.

Question 77

A diffraction grating with 11 800 lines/cm will exhibit the first-order maximum for light of wavelength 416 nm at what angle? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)0.513°
B)0.281°
C)58.8°
D)29.4°
E)15.1°

Question 78

What is the highest-order maximum for wavelength 454 nm that can be obtained with a grating with 375 lines per mm?

A)5
B)11
C)6
D)34
E)4

Question 79

Polarization of light can be achieved using a dichroic material like Polaroid by which of the following processes?

A)reflection
B)double refraction
C)selective absorption
D)scattering

Question 80

A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is produced from a light source of wavelength 460 nm.The light goes through a single slit and onto a screen 0.9 m away.The first dark fringe is 4.5 mm from the central bright fringe.What is the slit width? (1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

A)1.8E-4 m
B)9.2E-5 m
C)3.1E-5 m
D)1.4E-4 m
E)2.0E-2 m