Deck 17: Temperature

Question 1

An object's temperature has the same value on the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales.What is this temperature?

A)-273 K = -273 ^$\circ$ C
B)0 K = 0 ^$\circ$ C
C)273 K = 273 ^$\circ$ C
D)There is no such temperature.

Answer 1

There is no such temperature.

Question 2

Consider clock based on a simple pendulum that is outdoors in Helsinki,Finland.The pendulum consists of a mass of 1.00 kg that is hanging from a thin 3.000-m long aluminum rod.The clock is calibrated perfectly during a summer day with the average temperature of 25^oC.During a winter day the clock measures the 24-hour period as 24 hours and 30 seconds.What is the average temperature on this day?

A)9.1^oC
B)-15^oC
C)-25^oC
D)-6.6^oC
E)-10^oC

Answer 2

-6.6^oC

Question 3

The temperature on a summer day in Portland,Oregon is 86.0 ^$\circ$ F.What is the temperature in Kelvin?

A)-187 K
B)30.0 K
C)303 K
D)359 K

Answer 3

303 K

Question 4

A 14.0-gallon container is filled with gasoline.Neglect the change in volume of the container and find how many gallons are lost if the temperature increases by 25.0 ^$\circ$ C.The volume expansion of gasoline is 9.60 * 10^-4 ( ^$\circ$ C)^-1.

A)0.187 gallons
B)0.206 gallons
C)0.336 gallons
D)0.445 gallons
E)0.533 gallons

Question 5

When a 100-m metal pipe is heated from 20 ^$\circ$ C to 43.5 ^$\circ$ C,it lengthens by 4.00 cm.What type of pipe is this?

A)aluminum
B)brass
C)copper
D)gold

Question 6

The temperature on a day in Chicago,Illinois is 263 K.What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

A)86 ^$\circ$ F
B)26 ^$\circ$ F
C)14 ^$\circ$ F
D)-5.0 ^$\circ$ F

Question 7

The volume expansion coefficient for gasoline is 950 * 10^-6/K.Gasoline is sold by volume,usually measured in liters.When would it be most economical to purchase gasoline sold this way?

A)when the gasoline is cold
B)when the gasoline is warm
C)The temperature of the gasoline wouldn't make a difference.

Question 8

Two thermometers are calibrated,one in degrees Celsius and the other in degrees Fahrenheit.At what temperature is the reading on the thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius ten times the reading on the other thermometer?

A)-21.8 ^$\circ$ C
B)-20.0 ^$\circ$ C
C)-18.8 ^$\circ$ C
D)-4.00 ^$\circ$ C
E)-1.88 ^$\circ$ C

Question 9

The volume of a copper cube of side length 20 cm increases by 2.7 * 10^-5 m³ as it is heated.What change in temperature of the cube caused the volume to increase? The linear expansion coefficient of copper is 17 x 10^-6/ ^$\circ$ C.

A)90 ^$\circ$ C
B)67 ^$\circ$ C
C)59 ^$\circ$ C
D)78 ^$\circ$ C

Question 10

Using similar techniques that were originally developed to process miniaturized semiconductor electronics,scientists and engineers are creating Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).Consider a silicon post that is part of a MEMS device that is being heated by an electric current flowing through the post.The coefficient of thermal expansion for silicon is 3.2 * 10^-6 K^-1.The post is 1950 $\mu$ m tall and 45 $\mu$ m in diameter at room temperature.At any given time,you may assume that the temperature is constant along the entire length of the post,which strictly speaking is not the case.As the post heats up from room temperature to 492^oC,its height will be

A)1950 $\mu$ m.
B)1953 $\mu$ m.
C)1947 $\mu$ m.
D)1956 $\mu$ m.
E)1944 $\mu$ m.

Question 11

Two thermometers are calibrated,one in degrees Celsius and the other in degrees Fahrenheit.At what temperature is the reading on the thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius five times the reading on the other thermometer?

A)-21.8 ^$\circ$ C
B)-20.0 ^$\circ$ C
C)-18.8 ^$\circ$ C
D)-4.00 ^$\circ$ C
E)-1.88 ^$\circ$ C

Question 12

The volume expansion coefficient for kerosene is 990 * 10^-6/K.If the kerosene was held inside a long thin metallic cylindrical tube,then what would be its linear expansion coefficient?

A)9.97 * 10^-6/K
B)330 * 10^-6/K
C)495 * 10^-6/K
D)990 * 10^-6/K

Question 13

A copper cube is heated from 10 ^$\circ$ C to 90 ^$\circ$ C.As a result,its volume increases by 4.4 * 10^-5 m³.What is the length of one side of this cube? The linear expansion coefficient of copper is 17 x 10^-6/ ^$\circ$ C.

A)22 cm
B)20 cm
C)18 cm
D)24 cm

Question 14

On a summer morning in July in Houston Texas,the temperature is 80 ^$\circ$ F.A painter fills a 5.0 gallon aluminum container to the brim with turpentine.At five o'clock p.m.,the temperature had risen to 101 ^$\circ$ F.Neglect the expansion of the container.How much fluid spilled out of the container? The volume expansion coefficient for this brand of turpentine is 9 *10^-4/ ^$\circ$ C.

A)1.4 * 10^-4 m³
B)2.0 * 10^-4 m³
C)3.4 * 10^-4 m³
D)4.5 * 10^-4 m³

Question 15

A 10 gallon aluminum container is filled completely to the rim with gasoline which has a volume expansion coefficient of 990 * 10^-6/K.The temperature in the warehouse rises and 4.0 * 10^-4 m³ of the gas spills out.Neglect the expansion of the container.By how much did the temperature rise?

A)5.0 K
B)7.8 K
C)9.3 K
D)11 K
E)13 K

Question 16

For a popular class demonstration,your physics instructor uniformly heats a bimetallic strip that is rigidly clamped vertically downward.As a result,the bimetallic strip bends to the right.Now your instructor uniformly cools the bimetallic strip by immersing it in liquid nitrogen.He asks you to predict in which direction the bimetallic strip will bend this time.

A)to the right
B)to the left

Question 17

If the volume expansion coefficient for a liquid is negative,then

A)it will expand when its temperature increases.
B)it will expand when its temperature decreases.
C)its volume will remain constant when its temperature increases.
D)its volume will remain constant when its temperature decreases.

Question 18

A building having a steel structure is 800 m high on a day when the temperature is 30.0 ^$\circ$ C.How much shorter is the building on a day when the temperature is -15.0 ^$\circ$ C? The linear expansion coefficient of steel is 1.30 * 10^-5 ( ^$\circ$ C)^-1.

A)35.1 cm
B)46.8 cm
C)52.9 cm
D)65.3 cm
E)76.2 cm

Question 19

Consider clock based on a simple pendulum that is outdoors in Helsinki,Finland.The pendulum consists of a mass of 1.00 kg that is hanging from a thin 3.000-m long aluminum rod.The clock is calibrated perfectly during a summer day with the average temperature of 25^oC.During a winter day with average temperature of -25 ^$\circ$ C,in a 24-hour period the clock will have measured

A)exactly 24.00 hours.
B)24 hours and 48 seconds.
C)23 hours,59 minutes,and 12 seconds.
D)24 hours,1 minute,and 35 seconds.
E)23 hours,58 minutes,and 25 seconds.

Question 20

A copper cube of side length 20 cm is heated from 10 ^$\circ$ C to 90 ^$\circ$ C.What is the change the volume of the cube? The linear expansion coefficient of copper is 17 x 10^-6/ ^$\circ$ C.

A)1.0 * 10^-5 m³
B)2.7 * 10^-5 m³
C)3.3 * 10^-5 m³
D)4.4 *10^-5 m³

Question 21

In the figure,the ends of the two rods are separated by X at 25 ^$\circ$ C.The left rod is brass and 1 m long,whereas the right rod is steel and 1 m long.The rods just make contact with each other when they are both heated to 201ºC.Assuming that the far ends of both rods rest firmly against rigid wooden supports,what was their initial separation,X?

A)5.0 mm
B)7.5 mm
C)4.7 mm
D)5.6 mm
E)6.3 mm

Question 22

What is the human body temperature of 98.6 ^$\circ$ F in Kelvin?

A)310.15 K
B)37.0 K
C)98.6 K
D)100.0 K
E)56.3 K

Question 23

Two thermometers,one calibrated in Celsius and the other calibrated in Fahrenheit,are at the same temperature.At what temperature do the two thermometers read the same numerical value?

A)32 ^$\circ$ C
B)0 ^$\circ$ C
C)-20 ^$\circ$ C
D)-40 ^$\circ$ C
E)-72 ^$\circ$ C

Question 24

If the density of aluminum is 2700.0 kg/m³ at 20 ^$\circ$ C,at what temperature is its density 2691 kg/m³? ( ).

A)70 ^$\circ$ C
B)100 ^$\circ$ C
C)90 ^$\circ$ C
D)-50 ^$\circ$ C
E)40 ^$\circ$ C

Question 25

The Eiffel tower,which is made of steel (coefficient of linear expansion 13 x 10^-6 / ^$\circ$ C),is 320 m high at 20 ^$\circ$ C.The change in height of the tower between the winter months when the average temperature is -20 ^$\circ$ C and the summer months when the average temperature is 35 ^$\circ$ C is

A)42 cm.
B)35 cm.
C)23 cm.
D)15 cm.
E)11 cm.

Question 26

You are given a cylindrical rod of tungsten of 15.025 mm diameter and a plate of 1025 steel with a circular hole 15.000 mm diameter.Also given: the coefficient of linear expansion for tungsten is 4.5 *10^-6/ ^$\circ$ C and that for 1025 steel is 12.0 * 10^-6/ ^$\circ$ C.Assuming an initial temperature of 25 ^$\circ$ C,the common temperature to which both the rod and the plate must be heated for the rod to just fit into the hole is

A)122.5 ^$\circ$ C
B)167.8 ^$\circ$ C
C)197.4 ^$\circ$ C
D)201.2 ^$\circ$ C
E)222.4 ^$\circ$ C

Question 27

A steel rod of length 1 m is welded to the end of an aluminum rod of length 2 m (lengths are at 22 ^$\circ$ C).The rod combination is then heated to 200 ^$\circ$ C.What is the length of this rod combination at 200 ^$\circ$ C?

A)2.5 m
B)1.2 m
C)4.3 m
D)3.0 m
E)2.0 m

Question 28

To what temperature should a 3-m cube of water at 20 ^$\circ$ C be raised to increase in volume by 1%?

A)68.3 ^$\circ$ C
B)38.1 ^$\circ$ C
C)29.2 ^$\circ$ C
D)54.6 ^$\circ$ C
E)43.8 ^$\circ$ C

Question 29

In order to make a tight fit between two metal parts,machinists sometimes make the interior part larger than the hole into which it will fit,and then either cool the interior part or heat the exterior piece so that the pieces will fit.Consider fitting an aluminum rod with diameter D₁ (at 25 ^$\circ$ C)into a D₂ = 12.000 mm (at 25 ^$\circ$ C)diameter hole in a brass plate.The machinists can cool the rod to 77 K by immersing it in liquid nitrogen.What is the largest possible diameter D₁ of the rod at 25 ^$\circ$ C that will just fit into the hole if the rod has been cooled to 77 K and the brass plate has been left at 25 ^$\circ$ C? The coefficients of thermal expansion for aluminum and brass are 22 * 10^-6 K^-1 and 19*10^-6 K^-1,respectively.

A)11.941 mm
B)12.000 mm
C)12.014 mm
D)12.032 mm
E)12.058 mm

Question 30

The length of the column in an Hg thermometer is 5 cm at 0 ^$\circ$ C and 30 cm at 100 ^$\circ$ C.For a 20 cm length of column,the corresponding temperature is

A)60.
B)70.
C)80.
D)85.
E)90.

Question 31

In the figure,the ends of the two rods are separated by 5 mm at 25 ^$\circ$ C.The left rod is brass,whereas the right rod is steel.Both rods have the same length and the far end of each rod rests firmly against a rigid wooden supports.If the ends of the rods facing each other just touch at 125 ^$\circ$ C,what is the length of each bar?

A)0.92 m
B)2.0 m
C)1.34 m
D)1.56 m
E)1.84 m

Question 32

Which of the following bimetallic strips will exhibit the greatest sensitivity to temperature changes? That is,which one will bend the most as temperature increases?

A)copper on steel
B)steel on aluminum
C)copper on aluminum
D)aluminum on brass
E)copper on brass

Question 33

A steel can has a steel lid that is stuck tightly to the can.Is it possible to open the can by running it under hot water?

A)Yes.
B)No.
C)Yes,but only if the bottom of the can is submerged in ice water while the top is run under hot water.
D)No,but it would be possible to open the can by submerging it in ice water.

Question 34

An aluminum rod of length 20.000 m and cross-sectional area of 7.00 * 10^-4 m² is placed securely against two immobile end points.The rod is initially placed when the temperature is 0 ^$\circ$ C,find the stress in the rod when the temperature rises to 40 ^$\circ$ C.( , )

A)43,100 N
B)86,200 N
C)6.16 * 10⁷ Pa
D)1.23 * 10⁸ Pa
E)1.76 * 10⁸ Pa

Question 35

A brass key ( $\alpha$ = 19 * 10^{-6 $\circ$} C^-1, $\beta$ = 57 * 10^{-6 $\circ$} C^-1)is heated from 20.0 ^$\circ$ C up to 180.0 ^$\circ$ C.If the initial length is 6.00 cm,what is the final length?

A)6.00 cm
B)6.02 cm
C)6.05 cm
D)6.0547 cm
E)6.30 cm

Question 36

Which is colder?

A)-40.00 ^$\circ$ C
B)-40.00 ^$\circ$ F
C)233.15 K
D)All are equal.

Question 37

In the figure,the ends of the two rods are separated by 5 mm at 25 ^$\circ$ C.The left rod is brass and 1 m long,whereas the right rod is steel and 1 m long.Assuming that the far ends of both rods rest firmly against rigid wooden supports,at what temperature will the ends of the rods facing each other just touch?

A)181ºC
B)152ºC
C)136ºC
D)196ºC
E)201ºC

Question 38

What temperature will be twice as warm as room temperature (20 degrees Celsius)

A)40 ^$\circ$ C
B)313 ^$\circ$ C
C)586 ^$\circ$ C
D)40 K
E)293 K

Question 39

If the density of aluminum is 2700.0 kg/m³ at 20 ^$\circ$ C,find the density at 100 ^$\circ$ C.( ).

A)2686 kg/m³
B)2692 kg/m³
C)2695 kg/m³
D)2705 kg/m³
E)2714 kg/m³

Question 40

A 9-m³ pool of water is in thermal equilibrium with a 1-m³ iron block at the bottom of the pool.A thermometer measures the pool temperature to be 21 ^$\circ$ C.What is the temperature of the iron block?

A)30 ^$\circ$ C
B)25 ^$\circ$ C
C)16 ^$\circ$ C
D)21 ^$\circ$ C
E)None are correct.

Question 41

Lake Superior in North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by area and typically freezes over completely in winter about once every twenty years.When the surface of Lake Superior is completely frozen over,what is the temperature of the water at the bottom of the lake?

A)much less than 0 degrees Celsius
B)about 0 degrees Celsius
C)about 4 degrees Celsius
D)about 32 degrees Celsius
E)This cannot be determined without knowing the air temperature above the ice.

Question 42

I pull into a gas station and fill up my tank to the very top.The temperature of the gasoline is 10 ^$\circ$ C at that time.Exactly 56 liters fit into my tank.I live next door to the gas station,and I use practically no gas for the short drive into my garage.My garage is at 20 ^$\circ$ C,and the gas warms up to that temperature.How much gas will overflow from my tank onto the garage floor? (Assume that the gas tank of my car was at 20 ^$\circ$ C all along and does not change its shape during this process.The coefficient of volume expansion of gasoline is 0.95·10^-3 /K.)

A)0 liter
B)0.53 liter
C)1.79 liter
D)0.95 liter
E)2.33 liter

Question 43

If a cube of a certain metal increases its volume from 15 cm³ to 17 cm³ as the temperature increases from 12 ^$\circ$ C to 28 ^$\circ$ C,what is the metal's volume expansion coefficient?

A)2.7 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
B)4.0 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
C)7.4 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
D)8.3 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1

Question 44

The soil on Mars never gets above 27 ^$\circ$ C and in the ice cap region the soil can be as cold as -143 ^$\circ$ C.How much of a temperature range in degrees Fahrenheit does this represent?

A)209 ^$\circ$ F
B)242 ^$\circ$ F
C)306 ^$\circ$ F
D)338 ^$\circ$ F

Question 45

A gold ring with a diameter of 1.000 cm is on a person's finger and at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.What is the diameter of the gold ring when it is immersed in ice water?

A)0.8069 cm
B)0.8806 cm
C)0.9957 cm
D)0.9995 cm
E)1.000 cm

Question 46

A piece of metal 0.12 m² in cross sectional area is cooled by 30 ^$\circ$ C and is stretched by a force of 95 * 10⁵ N.If the fractional change in length is 1.01 * 10^-4,what is the linear coefficient of expansion for the metal? (Y = 9.0 * 10¹⁰ N/m² )

A)21 * 10^-6 C^-1
B)29 * 10^-6 C^-1
C)33 * 10^-6 C^-1
D)26 * 10^-6 C^-1
E)19 * 10^-6 C^-1

Question 47

A mercury thermometer consists of a bulb of diameter 2 mm attached to a capillary tube of diameter 0.02 mm.The average coefficient of volume expansion of mercury is 1.82 * 10^-4 / ^$\circ$ C.Assume that initially the Hg is only in the bulb and the attached capillary tube is empty.Also assume negligible expansion of the glass.The change in the height of the mercury column that occurs with a temperature change of 40 ^$\circ$ C is

A)9.71 cm.
B)7.05 cm.
C)6.12 cm.
D)5.98 cm.
E)4.74 cm.

Question 48

If a cube of a certain metal increases its volume from 15 cm³ to 17 cm³ as the temperature increases from 12 ^$\circ$ C to 28 ^$\circ$ C,what is the metal's linear expansion coefficient?

A)2.8 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
B)4.0 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
C)7.4 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1
D)8.3 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1

Question 49

A piece of brass 0.12 m² in cross sectional area is cooled by 20 ^$\circ$ C and is stretched by a force of 74 * 10⁵ N.What is the fractional change in length? ( $\alpha$ _Brass = 19 * 10^-6 C^-1,Y_Brass = 9.0 * 10¹⁰ N/m²)

A)2.42 * 10^-2
B)1.12 * 10^-3
C)5.11 * 10^-4
D)0.534
E)3.05 * 10^-4

Question 50

A piece of brass 0.12 m² in cross sectional area is cooled by 30 ^$\circ$ C and is stretched by a force.If the fractional change in length is 1.12 * 10^-3,what is the magnitude of the force? ( $\alpha$ _Brass = 19 * 10^-6 C^-1,Y_Brass = 9.0 * 10¹⁰ N/m²)

A)18 * 10⁶ N
B)52 * 10⁵ N
C)74 * 10⁵ N
D)78 * 10⁶ N
E)95 * 10⁵ N

Question 51

A piece of metal 0.12 m² in cross sectional area is cooled by 30 ^$\circ$ C and is stretched by a force of 95 * 10⁵ N.If the fractional change in length is 1.12 * 10^-3,what is Young's modulus for the metal? ( $\alpha$ = 19 * 10^-6 C^-1)

A)4.7 * 10¹⁰ N/m²
B)8.3 * 10¹⁰ N/m²
C)6.2 * 10¹⁰ N/m²
D)5.8 * 10¹⁰ N/m²
E)9.0 * 10¹⁰ N/m²

Question 52

The atmospheric temperatures in the Martian subtropics ranges from -12 ^$\circ$ F to -128 ^$\circ$ F.What is the size,in degrees Kelvin,of the temperature range?

A)32 K
B)45 K
C)64 K
D)78 K

Question 53

A US resident traveling in Japan notices that the temperature in degrees F is easily calculated to be 3.2 times the temperature in degrees C. What is the temperature?

A)32 ^$\circ$ F
B)64 ^$\circ$ F
C)73 ^$\circ$ F
D)81 ^$\circ$ F

Question 54

What is the temperature of the Universe as determined by the cosmic microwave background radiation?

A)2.7 K
B)233 K
C)273 K
D)289 K
E)6000 K

Question 55

A series of railroad track sections,each 17 m in length,are set together on a track.They each must be able to withstand a temperature range from -5 ^$\circ$ F to 95 ^$\circ$ F.How large a gap should be made between each track segment? The coefficient of expansion of steel is 13 * 10^{-6 $\circ$} C^-1.

A)0.6cm
B)1.1cm
C)1.2cm
D)2.2cm
E)More information is needed.

Question 56

If a sphere whose volume is 15 cm³ at 12 ^$\circ$ C is made from a certain metal that has a linear expansion coefficient of 2.7 * 10^{-3 $\circ$} C^-1,what will its volume be when its temperature is raised to 28 ^$\circ$ C?

A)15 cm³
B)16 cm³
C)17 cm³
D)19 cm³

Question 57

A piece of metal 0.12 m² in cross sectional area is stretched by a force of 74 * 10⁵ N.The fractional change in length is 5.11 * 10^-4 ( $\alpha$ = 19* 10^-6 C^-1,Y = 9.0 * 10¹⁰ N/m²).The piece of metal was:

A)cooled by 20 ^$\circ$ C
B)heated by 20 ^$\circ$ C
C)cooled by 9.2 ^$\circ$ C
D)heated by 9.2 ^$\circ$ C
E)cooled by 13 ^$\circ$ C

Question 58

How much does a 178-m long concrete slab on the Mackinac Bridge contract when going from 39 ^$\circ$ C (hot summer day)to -35 ^$\circ$ C (cold winter night)? The linear expansion coefficient for concrete is 10^-5/ ^$\circ$ C.

A)0 m
B)0.04 m
C)0.13 m
D)0.93 m
E)4.91 m

Question 59

The surface temperature of the Sun is about T_K = 6000 K.If you express this same temperature in terms of degrees Celsius,T_C,and degrees Fahrenheit,T_F,then

A)T_K > T_C >T_F.
B)T_F > T_C >T_K.
C)T_F > T_K >T_C.
D)T_K > T_F >T_C.
E)T_C > T_K >T_F.

Question 60

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson received the 1978 Nobel Prize for their discovery of cosmic microwave radiation in the form of static noise which appeared to be coming from all directions in the sky.The reason of this static noise was

A)electromagnetic radiation left over from big bang.
B)electromagnetic radiation from our solar system.
C)electromagnetic radiation from an exploding star.
D)electromagnetic radiation from a black hole.
E)electromagnetic radiation from a nearby solar system.

Question 61

At what Kelvin temperature is the temperature in ^$\circ$ F five times greater than in ^$\circ$ C?

A)5 K
B)273 K
C)283 K
D)293 K
E)303 K