Deck 7: Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Question 1

When trust is cognition-based, it means that trust depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Jocylyn met Bryan at the apartment pool and agreed to go dancing with him that evening. Her agreement to go out with him when she just met him demonstrates affect-based trust.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ability is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Reputation is a tangible asset that depends heavily on a company's ability to generate trust among its employees and customers.

Question 5

Integrity is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

Question 6

An organization's reputation reflects the prominence of its brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods and services.

Question 7

Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.

Question 8

Employees gauge procedural justice by asking whether decision outcomes, such as pay, rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments, are allocated using proper norms.

Question 9

Under the need norm, members of the group are rewarded in identical measures regardless of their individual productivity levels.

Question 10

Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.

Question 11

Disposition-based trust guides us in the absence of data about a particular authority.

Question 12

Danny has just started a new job. His coworkers tell him that their manager is is very unselfish and always keeps her promises. In addition, she is the leading expert in the company on product development. As a result of this information, Danny is likely to develop cognition-based trust in his manager.

Question 13

The equity norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

Question 14

The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with family, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."
The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."

Question 15

Affect-based trust is seen in a select few relationships.

Question 16

Abigail is always very careful to award bonuses and other rewards based on each individual's performance and contribution. Abigail is concerned with interpersonal justice.

Question 17

Affect-based trust is more rational than emotional.

Question 18

People gauge the track record of an authority along three dimensions: ability, skills, and knowledge.

Question 19

Cognition-based trust is driven by the trustor's faith in human nature.

Question 20

Justice reflects the actual fairness of an authority's decision making.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true with regard to trust, justice, and ethics?

A)Justice reflects the actual degree of fairness of an authority's decision making.
B)Reputation of a company is independent of how trustworthy and ethical its practices are.
C)Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors: justice and ethics.
D)Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally mandated legal requirements; morals and norms are not a part of ethics.
E)Relationships based on trust are completely free from risks and uncertainties.

Question 22

All individuals move through the preconventional and conventional stages and finally operate from the postconventional stage of moral development.

Question 23

Whistle-blowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.

Question 24

Economic exchanges are impersonal and resemble contractual agreements, such that employees agree to fulfill the duties in their job description in exchange for financial compensation.

Question 25

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner.

A)risk
B)profit-centered motives
C)social responsibility
D)justice
E)economic exchange

Question 26

Efforts to improve the quality of life in the communities in which organizations work is typically an effort that comes under the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility.

Question 27

Procedural justice is seen to be of enormous importance when outcomes are bad.

Question 28

Descriptive ethics evolved with scholars in philosophy debating how people ought to act using various codes and principles.

Question 29

Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules: the justification rule and the truth rule.

Question 30

When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is called:

A)disposition-based trust.
B)affect-based trust.
C)cognition-based trust.
D)power-based trust.
E)feeling-based trust.

Question 31

Which of the following reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making?

A)Ethics
B)Justice
C)Morality
D)Corporate social responsibility
E)Trust

Question 32

The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must therefore be followed.

Question 33

The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions is called _____.

A)trust
B)morality
C)consensus
D)justice
E)proximity

Question 34

Magnitude of consequences and concentration of effect are two components of moral intensity.

Question 35

The four-component model of ethical decision making proposes that as people age and mature, they move through the preconventional, postconventional, and principled stages of moral development.

Question 36

Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities.

Question 37

In the context of trust and job performance, the ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to engaging in workplace politics or saving themselves from problems like abusive supervision.

Question 38

Procedural justice tends to be a stronger driver of reactions to authorities than distributive justice.

Question 39

Low levels of informational justice can make an organization vulnerable to wrongful termination claims.

Question 40

_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.

A)Ethics
B)Justice
C)Competence
D)Trust
E)Morality

Question 41

In the case of _____ trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence.

A)cognition-based
B)mentor-based
C)affect-based
D)emotion-based
E)disposition-based

Question 42

_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, that is defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context.

A)Character
B)Benevolence
C)Personality
D)Ability
E)Affect

Question 43

One week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign for the company's new product.Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed.Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job.John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders.John's success in creating a good campaign for the new product completely on his own reflects his _____.

A)social consensus
B)ability
C)proximity
D)trust propensity
E)morality

Question 44

Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity?

A)The importance of trust propensity is seen interactions with family and friends.
B)Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-based trust.
C)Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.
D)Trust propensity refers to the use of track records and rational assessments in making decisions.
E)Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not trustworthy.

Question 45

The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as his _____.

A)moral intensity
B)trust propensity
C)propriety
D)trustworthiness
E)ability

Question 46

_____ is defined as the dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.

A)Procedural justice
B)Interpersonal justice
C)Informational justice
D)Distributive justice
E)Restorative justice

Question 47

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the _____ type of justice

A)informational
B)procedural
C)distributive
D)interpersonal
E)retributive

Question 48

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign for the company's new product.Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed.Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job.John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders.Which of the following is true with regard to Alex and Neil?

A)Alex and Neil had a high degree of trustworthiness to execute the job they were given.
B)Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust.
C)Alex and Neil had used a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that John would do a good job with their assignment.
D)Alex and Neil had a high degree of the abilities required for their job at present.
E)Alex and Neil share a mentor-protégé relationship with John at present.

Question 49

Ron recently moved into a flat in the Oak Wood apartments.As Ron is at work all day, he has requested his neighbor to collect his mail.He receives confidential letters and documents regarding work and his finances.When the mail is given to him, Ron believes that he is the first one to open them.Ron has a high degree of _____.

A)power-based trust
B)informational justice
C)cognition-based trust
D)moral awareness
E)trust propensity

Question 50

When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that:

A)they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense of loyalty to them.
B)they display hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.
C)they reward employees for exposing illegal or immoral actions by their organization.
D)they lack a general expectation that the words and promises of employees can be relied upon.
E)they hinder the employees' ability to focus which reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work.

Question 51

It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."

A)cognition-based trust
B)trust propensity
C)competence
D)ability
E)rational assessment

Question 52

_____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

A)Trust propensity
B)Moral judgment
C)Moral awareness
D)Moral intensity
E)Propriety

Question 53

Cognition-based trust is driven by the:

A)authority's track record.
B)trustor's trust propensity.
C)trustor's intuitive feelings.
D)trustor's affect-based trust.
E)trustor's disposition.

Question 54

Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

A)Affect
B)Competence
C)Benevolence
D)Trust propensity
E)Ability

Question 55

Which of the following is true with regard to affect-based trust?

A)Affect-based trust depends completely on the trustor's propensity to trust.
B)Affect-based trust is more rational than emotional.
C)Affect-based trust is independent of any features of the trustee.
D)Affect-based trust is rooted in reason and analysis.
E)Affect-based trust is the most commonly seen type of trust.

Question 56

Affect-based trust is driven by the _____.

A)authority's track record
B)authority's strengths and weakness
C)trustor's disposition
D)trustor's feelings for the trustee
E)trustor's rational assessment of the trustee

Question 57

Abigail was abandoned as an infant and later went to school in a district with a great deal of gang activity wheree she seldom felt safe.Abigail is least likely to demonstrate ______ trust.

A)disposition-based
B)cognitive-based
C)affect-based
D)organizationally-based
E)justice-based

Question 58

In the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority.

A)cognition-based
B)mentor-based
C)affect-based
D)character-based
E)disposition-based

Question 59

Danny Locker recently put down his papers after his managers failed to give him a pay rise that he felt would rightly compensate for his increasing work load.Danny, who had faced this kind of pay discrimination in the company earlier, finally decided to quit and has begun looking for another job.Danny's resentment related to his pay reflects the specific lack of _____ in the company that he worked for.

A)informational justice
B)distributive justice
C)retributive justice
D)procedural justice
E)interpersonal justice

Question 60

_____ is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

A)Abusive supervision
B)Competence
C)Ability
D)Integrity
E)Benevolence

Question 61

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

A)Voice and accuracy
B)Justification and truthfulness
C)Equity and equality
D)Consistency and accuracy
E)Respect and propriety

Question 62

Which of the following is an interpersonal justice rule?

A)Truthfulness
B)Consistency
C)Equity
D)Accuracy
E)Propriety

Question 63

The _____ rule requires that the decision-making procedures and outcomes that the authorities explain to employees are honest and candid.

A)propriety
B)respect
C)consistency
D)equity
E)truthfulness

Question 64

Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere where all employees are welcome to participate in the decision-making process.The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely.Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice?

A)Informational justice
B)Procedural justice
C)Distributive justice
D)Interpersonal justice
E)Retributive justice

Question 65

Which of the following is an allocation norm under which all group members receive exactly the same grade on a project regardless of their individual productivity levels?

A)Propensity norm
B)Need norm
C)Equity norm
D)Reciprocity norm
E)Equality norm

Question 66

The _____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks.

A)propriety
B)justification
C)truthfulness
D)accuracy
E)voice

Question 67

The managers at Pulse, an HR firm, have noticed that the employees are not team players; they are focused on achieving individual goals and the management seeks to change this attitude of its employees.The company wants to create a reward system in which all group members would receive exactly the same grade regardless of their individual productivity levels to promote their ability to work effectively in groups.Which of the following allocation norms would you recommend for this purpose?

A)Standard norm
B)Consensus norm
C)Equity norm
D)Equality norm
E)Propensity norm

Question 68

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of:

A)voice and accuracy.
B)justification and truthfulness.
C)equity and equality.
D)consistency and accuracy.
E)respect and propriety.

Question 69

_____ is defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.

A)Trust propensity
B)Bias suppression
C)Justification
D)Whistle-blowing
E)Abusive supervision

Question 70

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities.

A)Procedural
B)Interpersonal
C)Informational
D)Distributive
E)Utilitarian

Question 71

Which of the following is an informational justice rule?

A)Truthfulness
B)Consistency
C)Equity
D)Bias suppression
E)Propriety

Question 72

The _____ norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

A)equity
B)equality
C)need
D)standard
E)prescriptive

Question 73

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities.

A)Interpersonal
B)Informational
C)Procedural
D)Distributive
E)Redistributive

Question 74

_____ is defined as a dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes.

A)Procedural justice
B)Interpersonal justice
C)Informational justice
D)Distributive justice
E)Utilitarian justice

Question 75

Which of the following is a rule under the dimension of distributive justice?

A)Justification
B)Bias suppression
C)Equity
D)Respect
E)Voice

Question 76

When organizations protect new employees from committee assignments and other extra activities, so that they can get their careers off to a productive start, they are using the _____ type of allocation norms.

A)propensity norm
B)need norm
C)reciprocity norm
D)equity norm
E)equality norm

Question 77

Bryan McPhelps, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates.Many employees have also heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses.From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Toys lack _____.

A)distributive justice
B)informational justice
C)procedural justice
D)interpersonal justice
E)restorative justice

Question 78

Which of the following is a procedural justice rule?

A)Voice
B)Justification
C)Equality
D)Respect
E)Propriety

Question 79

Leo Motors has an HR policy that does not allow its newly hired employees to work on committee projects or get involved in the union meetings.This is done to ensure that the new employees can concentrate on their work and do not get distracted with other minor issues.Which of the following allocation norms has Leo Motors adopted?

A)Standard norm
B)Equity norm
C)Reciprocity norm
D)Need norm
E)Equality norm

Question 80

Companies that engage in civility training are most likely concerned about ______ justice.

A)interpersonal
B)procedural
C)ethical
D)legal
E)perceived