Deck 16: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

An alpha particle may be represented by ________.

A)
B)(¹n)
C)(⁴He)
D)(¹H)

Answer 1

(⁴He)

Question 2

Which of the following does not carry neutrons?

A)(¹n)
B)alpha rays
C)(¹H)
D)deuterium

Answer 2

(¹H)

Question 3

Isotopes have ________.

A)the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
B)the same number of neutrons but different number of protons
C)the same number protons and the same number of neutrons
D)different number protons and neutrons

Answer 3

the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

Which of the following has a mass number of 1?

A)proton
B)neutron
C)helium
D)both A and B

Question 5

How long will it take for a 5.0 g tritium sample to decay down to 0.313 g? The half-life of tritium is 12 years.

A)12 yrs
B)24 yrs
C)48 yrs
D)96 yrs

Question 6

Which of the following has an atomic number of 0?

A)proton
B)neutron
C)positron
D)deuterium

Question 7

Binding energy is ________.

A)the amount of mass that is converted to energy during a nuclear reaction
B)the amount of mass produced during a nuclear reaction
C)the amount of energy released when an atom forms from its subatomic particles
D)the amount of energy absorbed when an atom forms from its subatomic particles

Question 8

If the half-life of a hypothetical isotope is 5 hr, the leftover amount of an original quantity of 20.0 g after 15 hr will be ________.

A)2.5 g
B)5.0 g
C)6.67 g
D)10.0 g

Question 9

Given the following half-lives, which of the following isotopes is the least stable?

A)0.001 s
B)0.92 s
C)56 s
D)72 s

Question 10

An beta particle may be represented by ________.

A)
B)(¹n)
C)(⁴He)
D)(¹H)

Question 11

The n/p ratio of stable isotopes becomes larger than 1, when the atomic number is larger than ________.

A)10
B)18
C)20
D)24

Question 12

Which of the following is the heaviest particle?

A)deuterium
B)neutron
C)alpha particle
D)beta particle

Question 13

Mass defect is ________.

A)the amount of mass that is converted to energy during a nuclear reaction
B)the amount of mass produced during a nuclear reaction
C)the amount of energy released when an atom forms from its subatomic particles
D)the amount of energy absorbed when an atom forms from its subatomic particles

Question 14

The relationship between ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O is ________.

A)isotopes
B)isomers
C)isobars
D)none of the above

Question 15

Which is the lightest among the following particles?

A)proton
B)neutron
C)alpha particle
D)beta particle

Question 16

Which of the following does not carry proton(s)?

A)(¹H)
B)alpha rays
C)deuterium
D)gamma-rays

Question 17

Heavy water is ________.

A)water that contains cations such as magnesium, ferric and calcium
B)water whose hydrogens are deuterium
C)water whose hydrogens carry one neutron
D)both B and C

Question 18

The only element whose most stable isotope has n/p < 1 is ________.

A)hydrogen
B)carbon
C)oxygen
D)helium

Question 19

Which of the following is able to penetrate the easiest through human tissue?

A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)neutrons
D)gamma rays

Question 20

Which of the following is a nucleon?

A)proton
B)electron
C)postiron
D)both A and B

Question 21

Identify X in the reaction below. ²³⁸U + ¹²C → ²⁴⁴Cf + X

A)6 electrons
B)1 alpha particle
C)3 protons
D)6 neutrons

Question 22

Nuclear radiation is harmful because of ________.

A)the high energy particles produced
B)the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during the nuclear change
C)the ionizing of biological molecules
D)all of the above

Question 23

When an unstable nucleus expels a positron ________.

A)its mass number is decreased by four units
B)its atomic number is decreased by one unit
C)its atomic number is increased by one unit
D)its mass number is decreased by one unit

Question 24

^{An electron is a nucleon.}

Question 25

Identify X in the reaction below. ²⁷Al + ⁴He → X + ¹n

A)(³¹P)
B)(³⁰P)
C)(³⁰S)
D)(³¹Si)

Question 26

When nickel-63 is converted to copper-63 ________.

A)an electron is captured
B)an alpha particle is emitted
C)an electron is released
D)a neutron is released

Question 27

The main problem nuclear reactors have when uranium-235 serves as the fuel is ________.

A)the production of more neutrons that the reaction consumes
B)the production of gamma rays
C)the consumption of more alpha particles than the available alpha particles
D)the immense amount of energy produced

Question 28

Which of the following is the easiest to block from penetrating?

A)alpha emissions
B)beta emissions
C)neutrons
D)gamma rays

Question 29

The reaction below is an example of ________. ¹²C + ¹²C → ²⁴Mg

A)fission
B)fusion
C)isotope coupling
D)transmutation

Question 30

The reaction below is an example of ________. ²³⁵U → ¹³⁹Ba + ⁹⁴Kr + 2 ¹n

A)fission
B)fusion
C)isotope
D)transmutation

Question 31

When a neutron is transformed into a proton what else is emitted?

A)a beta particle
B)an electron
C)an alpha particle
D)Either A or B; both of them represent the same particle.

Question 32

What is the missing particle in the reaction below? ¹p + ⁰e → ?

A)(²p)
B)(¹H)
C)(¹n)
D)(⁴He)

Question 33

Identify X in the reaction below. X + ¹n → ¹⁴²Ba + ⁹¹Kr + 3 ¹n

A)(²³⁵Th)
B)(²³⁸U)
C)(²³⁵U)
D)(²³⁴Pa)

Question 34

The mercury-197 to gold-197 conversion is accompanied by ________.

A)an electron capture
B)an electron release
C)an alpha emission
D)a neutron capture

Question 35

When carbon-14 is converted to nitrogen-14 ________.

A)an electron is captured
B)an alpha particle is emitted
C)an electron is released
D)a neutron is released

Question 36

When an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle ________.

A)its mass number is decreased by four units
B)its atomic number is decreased by two units
C)its atomic number is increased by one unit
D)its mass number is decreased by one unit

Question 37

Which of the following transformations is not an electron capture?

A)(²⁰¹Hg → ²⁰¹Au)
B)(⁸¹Rb → ⁸¹Kr)
C)(²³¹Th → ²³¹Pa)
D)p → n

Question 38

Which of the following transformations is not an alpha emission?

A)(¹⁴C → ¹⁴N)
B)(²²⁵Ac → ²²¹Fr)
C)(²⁴¹Am → ²³⁷Np)
D)(²¹⁸Po → ²¹⁴Pb)

Question 39

¹²C is the most stable carbon isotope.

Question 40

When radium-226 is converted to radon-222 ________.

A)an electron is captured
B)an alpha particle is emitted
C)an electron is released
D)a neutron is released

Question 41

During the MRI procedure the human is placed in a magnetic field and radio waves are used to probe certain nuclei in the body.

Question 42

A fusion reaction is more energetic than a fission reaction.

Question 43

Many radioactive nuclei release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma rays.

Question 44

The daughter isotope of ¹⁸⁰Hg when it undergoes alpha-emission is ¹⁷⁶Pt.

Question 45

A nuclear reaction involves much higher energies than a chemical reaction.

Question 46

The daughter isotope of ¹⁹⁶Po when it undergoes alpha-emission is ²⁰⁰Pb.

Question 47

³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl are isotopes.

Question 48

¹³C is the carbon isotope used for carbon dating.

Question 49

The half-life of an isotope decreases as the initial concentration decreases.

Question 50

A fission reaction is always endothermic.

Question 51

The daughter isotope of ¹⁹⁶Po when it undergoes beta-emission is ¹⁹⁶At.

Question 52

Isotopes with the lowest possible n/p ratio are the most stable.

Question 53

The atomic number of a neutron is 1.

Question 54

A beta particle has a -1 charge.

Question 55

Both the proton and neutron have the same mass number.

Question 56

An alpha particle is neutral.

Question 57

The n/p > 1 ratio appears in elements whose atomic number is greater than 24.

Question 58

The larger the half-life value, the more stable the isotope.

Question 59

Nuclear radiation can cause biological damage by the weakening or breaking of bonds.

Question 60

The half life of ¹⁴C is close to 6,000 years.

Question 61

______ → ²²⁶Rn + ⁴He

Question 62

Calculate the binding energy of oxygen-16 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 15.9949 g/mol.

Question 63

²³⁸U + ______ → ²³⁹Np + _-1e

Question 64

¹³⁵Nd → ²⁴Mg + ______

Question 65

³H + ²H → ______ + ¹n

Question 66

What is the mass defect of the lithium-9 isotope in g/mol? Lithium-9 has an atomic mass of 9.0273 g/mol.

Question 67

Nuclear fission is sometimes referred to as the "holy grail" for energy production.

Question 68

¹⁶O + ⁴He → ______

Question 69

³⁷Ar + _-1e → ______

Question 70

²²Na → ______ + ₊₁e

Question 71

The half-life of chlorine-34 is 1.52 seconds. How much time will pass before a given sample of chlorine-34 decays by 60%?

Question 72

Calculate the binding energy of neon-22 in J/mol. This isotope has an atomic mass of 21.9914 g/mol.

Question 73

¹⁴N + ⁴He → ______ + ¹H

Question 74

Calculate the amount of energy released when this nuclear reaction occurs inside an atomic warhead:
¹n + ²³⁵U → ¹³⁷Te + ⁹⁷Zr + 2 ¹n
(²³⁵U = 235.0439 g/mol; ¹³⁷Te = 136.9254 g/mol; ⁹⁷Zr = 96.9110 g/mol; ¹n = 1.00866 g/mol)

Question 75

What is the mass defect of the carbon-14 isotope (in g/mol)? Carbon-14 has an atomic mass of 14.0032 g/mol.

Question 76

Uranium-238 can capture a neutron inside a nuclear reactor (a so-called breeder reactor), producing an isotope of plutonium and two beta particles. The plutonium can then itself be used as a nuclear fuel. Write a balanced equation for the breeder reactor's production of plutonium (include isotope number)from uranium-238.

Question 77

Fusion reactors of the future hope to make use of the following reaction:
²H + ³H → ⁴He + ¹n
How much energy is released in this process (in J/mol)?
(²H = 2.0141 g/mol; ³H = 3.0160 g/mol; ⁴He = 4.0026 g/mol; ¹n = 1.00866 g/mol)

Question 79

¹n + ______ → ¹⁴¹Ba + ⁹²Kr + 3 ¹n

Question 80

Match each of the transformations that appear in the questions with the process that appears in the list below.