Deck 14: Child, Teen, and Older Adult

Question 1

The life span of human beings is believed to be 125 years.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Adolescents who frequently eat meals with their families eat more fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium-rich foods and drink fewer soft drinks than those who seldom eat with their families.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nutrients missed from a skipped breakfast will be made up by children at later meals and snacks during the day.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

People taking two or more drugs at the same time are more vulnerable to nutrient-drug interactions.

Question 5

Medical drugs do only good, not harm.

Question 6

A child's appetite fluctuates after the age of:

A) nine months.
B) one year.
C) two years.
D) three years.

Question 7

Older adults are not able to maintain muscle mass and strength.

Question 8

Dental caries are a serious public health problem afflicting a majority of people in this country.

Question 9

Ways to prevent a child from choking include:

A) giving the child round foods, like grapes and nuts.
B) avoiding dangerous foods such as chips and popcorn.
C) encouraging the child to sit when eating.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 10

Children's intakes of which of the following nutrients typically fall below recommendations?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin A
C) iron
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 11

Food labels must announce the presence of common allergens in plain language, using the names of the eight most common allergy-causing foods.

Question 12

Boys normally develop a somewhat higher percentage of body fat than girls do.

Question 13

As older people reduce their physical activity, their lean tissue diminishes, resulting in sarcopenia, an age-related loss of muscle tissue.

Question 14

Many children prefer sweet fruits and mild-flavored vegetables served raw or undercooked.

Question 15

To prevent iron deficiency, children's foods must deliver 7-10 milligrams of iron per day.

Question 16

Food allergies and high sugar intakes have been identified as the main causes of hyperactivity in children.

Question 17

Which of the following describes foods preferred by children?

A) hot vegetables
B) mild flavors
C) overcooked vegetables
D) unfamiliar but colorful fruits

Question 18

A six-year-old child needs approximately _____ calories a day.

A) 850
B) 1000
C) 1300
D) 1600

Question 19

The consequences of foodborne illnesses in older adults can be more severe than in younger adults.
Controversy 14 True/False Items

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Children like to eat at little tables.
B) Children should be served large portions of foods.
C) Children should be encouraged to stop eating when they are full.
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 21

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by:

A) almonds, yeast breads, and oranges.
B) tomatoes, yeast breads, and bananas.
C) peanuts, milk, and shellfish.
D) soy, fish, and strawberries.

Question 22

Since 1950, the number of people _____ years old in the U.S. has increased 7-fold.

A) under 5
B) over 55
C) over 85
D) over 100

Question 23

Whether or not a food is likely to result in dental caries depends on all of the following except:

A) how sticky the food is.
B) how often it is consumed.
C) the bacterial content of the food.
D) the length of time the food stays in the mouth.

Question 24

Research suggests that _____ may worsen "hyper" behavior in children.

A) food colors
B) high-fat snacks
C) sugar
D) MSG

Question 25

After the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a _____ percent reduction in energy output per decade.

A) 5
B) 12
C) 15
D) 20

Question 26

The best way to determine if a teenager is growing normally is to:

A) use growth charts developed for teenagers.
B) calculate the appropriate height and weight based on age.
C) compare him or her with peers.
D) compare his or her height and weight with previous measures taken earlier.

Question 27

To promote dental health, children should be taught to:

A) limit consumption of sweet bottled beverages.
B) snack on dried fruits.
C) brush their teeth soon after eating sticky, sweet foods.
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 28

Which of the following worsens acne?

A) chocolate
B) stress
C) cola beverages
D) salt

Question 29

Which of the following is always a component of allergies?

A) antibodies
B) asthma
C) histamine
D) symptoms

Question 30

For people over 70, the best health and lowest risk of death have been observed in those who maintain a BMI between:

A) 12 and 17.
B) 18 and 24.
C) 25 and 32.
D) 33 and 42.

Question 31

In boys, the adolescent growth spurt peaks at:

A) 10.
B) 11.
C) 12.
D) 13.
E) 14.

Question 32

Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle also alter:

A) glucose tolerance.
B) food intake.
C) iron absorption.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 33

The woman with PMS should:

A) drink milk or juice fortified with vitamin D.
B) get adequate sleep and physical activity.
C) take megadoses of vitamin D and calcium.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 34

School lunches are designed to provide at least _____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients.

A) one-fourth
B) one-half
C) one-third
D) two-thirds

Question 35

The life expectancy at birth for white women is:

A) 72 years.
B) 81 years.
C) 95 years.
D) 115 years.

Question 36

Hyperactivity occurs in _____ percent of young, school-age children.

A) 1 to 3
B) 3 to 5
C) 5 to 10
D) 7 to 12

Question 37

On the average, about _____ of a teenager's total daily energy intake comes from snacks.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-eighth
D) one-half

Question 38

Which of the following is not a cause of "hyper" behavior in children?

A) lack of exercise
B) overstimulation
C) too much television
D) too much sugar

Question 39

The effect of physical activity for the elderly is to:

A) cause a diminished immune response.
B) reduce development of the "dwindles."
C) cause involuntary weight loss.
D) negatively affect balance.

Question 40

Children who skip breakfast:

A) are more likely to snack on fruits and vegetables.
B) perform especially well in tasks requiring concentration.
C) achieve higher test scores.
D) are more likely to be overweight.

Question 41

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older adults:

A) avoid resistance exercise to reduce fracture risk.
B) perform at least 200 minutes of high-intensity exercise weekly.
C) include a wide variety and multiple intensity levels of exercise in their exercise plans.
D) incorporate balance exercises if they are at risk of falling.

Question 42

Which of the following may worsen the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A) high intake of vitamin E
B) low intake of vitamin D
C) high intake of vitamin C
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 43

Which of the following children is at significant risk for choking?

A) Susie, who is sitting down and eating tender beef strips
B) Charles, who is snacking on grapes while watching television
C) Billy, who is eating while running around the table
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 44

At mealtimes the best way to be sure children are receiving adequate nutrition from the foods they eat is to:

A) make them eat everything you have put on their plates.
B) allow them to make all the food decisions as determined by their favorites.
C) keep adding a food they don't like on their plate until they eat it.
D) allow them to select from nutritious foods you have prepared for the family.

Question 45

Older adults should:

A) consume 14 grams of fiber per 1,000 calories consumed.
B) limit the amount of saturated fat in their diets.
C) consume more protein than younger adults.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 46

Is lead poisoning still a problem for young children?

A) no, because water coming into houses from treatment plants contains no lead
B) yes, because there are still children with deficiencies of the vitamins and minerals that reduce absorption
C) no, because current medical treatments can reverse the damage to the body
D) yes, because they may still have access to canned foods with high lead content

Question 47

A 2-year-old toddler goes on periodic food jags in which she will eat only one or two favorite foods. Should her parents be concerned about her nutritional status?

A) yes, because she will develop lifelong habits of rejecting many foods
B) no, because her body will let her know what nutrients she needs to eat
C) yes, because she may not get adequate iron intake from the foods she selects
D) no, because it will keep her from becoming overweight

Question 48

The best way to introduce new foods into to toddler's diet is to:

A) offer a reward if the child eats the new food.
B) introduce them at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry.
C) keep adding them to meals until the child finally accepts them.
D) not allow them to eat favorite foods until they sample new ones.

Question 49

A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he became ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel immediately after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a:

A) food allergy.
B) food intolerance.
C) food aversion.
D) food immunity.

Question 50

Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in children include all of the following except:

A) desire for attention.
B) lack of sleep.
C) overstimulation.
D) too much exercise.

Question 51

Tommy consumed a breakfast consisting of yogurt with blueberries, whole-grain toast, and orange juice. Shortly thereafter, Tommy experienced an allergic reaction. This reaction was most likely caused by:

A) yogurt
B) whole-grain toast
C) blueberries
D) orange juice

Question 52

Which of the following has been identified as affecting physiological age?

A) moderation in alcohol use
B) nutritional quality of meals
C) psychological outlook
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 53

To prevent early onset of cataracts the diet should provide an ample supply of:

A) vitamin C from fruits and vegetables.
B) vitamin E from plant oils.
C) vitamin A from fortified milk.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 54

Which of the following foods would be most acceptable to a child?

A) hot vegetable soup
B) lightly crunchy steamed carrots
C) mashed potatoes served for the first time
D) hot broccoli with an herb sauce

Question 55

A parent who wishes to protect her child from lead toxicity would do all of the following except:

A) prevent the child from chewing on old painted surfaces.
B) feed the child additional protein.
C) wash the child's hands, bottles, and toys often.
D) make sure the child gets an adequate calcium intake.

Question 56

Federal assistance programs can provide all of the following meal benefits to the elderly except:

A) providing an increase in Social Security payments to pay for a home chef.
B) supplementing monthly food budgets through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
C) providing education and shopping assistance through the Elderly Nutrition Program.
D) delivering home meals through the Meals on Wheels Program.
Application-Level Multiple-Choice Items

Question 57

Absorption of _____ appears to increase with aging.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) calcium
D) iron

Question 58

What is the most important nutrition concern for the person with Alzheimer's disease?

A) prevention of weight loss
B) elimination of dietary aluminum
C) supplementation with zinc
D) treatment with the medicinal herb ginkgo biloba

Question 59

Which of the following would be the most appropriate snack for an active, normal-weight child?

A) yogurt
B) candy
C) ice cream
D) cola

Question 60

Older adults should drink at least _____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water.

A) 3-4
B) 5-6
C) 7-8
D) 9-13

Question 61

A 70-year-old woman needed 2000 calories to maintain her weight when she was 50 years old. How many does she need now if her weight and activity level are the same?

A) 1200 calories
B) 1500 calories
C) 1800 calories
D) 2200 calories

Question 62

Joe is a 15-year-old active male. However, his parents are concerned that Joe is not growing properly. To assess his growth, Joe's parents should:

A) compare Joe's height and weight to his best friends'.
B) compare his height and weight with previous measures taken at intervals.
C) compare Joe's height and weight to adult weight standards.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 63

An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself. What recommendation would you give him?

A) Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner.
B) Eat often in restaurants because the meals are balanced nutritionally.
C) Avoid mixed dishes because they may contain too many calories per serving.
D) Purchase frozen dinners because they contain all the necessary food groups.

Question 64

An elderly man wants to start a physical activity program to keep himself feeling good as he gets older. What nutrition adjustments should he make?

A) He needs to be careful not to increase calories because he may gain too much weight.
B) He will not be able to replace any muscle already lost but only stop further loss.
C) He needs to increase his intake of protein from meat to build muscle.
D) Increased basal metabolism from exercise will allow him to eat more food.

Question 65

An adolescent girl is drinking diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to aid in developing peak bone mass?

A) Stop drinking diet colas immediately.
B) Increase your physical activity to make up for the low calcium intake.
C) Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.
D) Reduce your exercise so you won't need as much calcium to build bones.

Question 66

What changes are seen in water balance as we get older?

A) Total body water increases because the kidneys become more efficient.
B) Our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids.
C) Increased intake of water can lead to additional fluid in the lungs, causing pneumonia.
D) In a person confined to bed, water retention can lead to pressure ulcers on the back.

Question 67

Hyperactivity in a boy in kindergarten who cannot concentrate on his school work can be controlled by:

A) eliminating concentrated sugars from his diet.
B) including mostly high-fiber, low-fat foods in his diet.
C) reducing the hours he sleeps so he will be calm during the day.
D) making sure he has regular, adequate meals.

Question 68

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy. What would you advise?

A) It is too late to begin a program if she has not been exercising previously.
B) She should aim for 150 minutes or whatever she can safely perform each week.
C) She needs to avoid weight-bearing exercise if she has lost bone density.
D) Resistance training may accelerate muscle loss and should be limited.

Question 69

Which of the following can increase the anti-blood clotting effect of aspirin?

A) nicotine
B) antibiotics
C) ginkgo biloba
D) antacids

Question 70

What nutrition practice can reduce the effects of arthritis?

A) An increased intake of vitamin D has been shown to reduce pain of osteoarthritis.
B) Antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflammation in joints.
C) The supplement chondroitin improves mobility in osteoarthritis.
D) Vitamin E supplements help to reduce joint swelling in rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 71

Frequent consumption of which of the following foods raises the risk for dental caries the most?

A) carrot sticks
B) bagels
C) chocolate milk
D) plain yogurt

Question 72

An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. This may be leading to a deficiency of which vitamins?

A) vitamin D and vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin A and folate
C) vitamin C and thiamin
D) vitamin K and riboflavin

Question 73

An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on what foods to avoid to help improve it. What should he do?

A) take vitamin A supplements because they can cure acne
B) try to relax during spring break to relieve stress
C) avoid eating chocolate because it can increase acne
D) stay out of the sun because it increases inflammation

Question 74

A teenager consumes a fast-food meal consisting of a hamburger, cola, and French fries. In order to consume an adequate diet, which of the following should be chosen at other meals during the day?

A) foods high in calcium
B) good fiber sources
C) foods high in energy
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 75

A 75-year-old woman has been advised by her neighbor to take a multivitamin and mineral supplement. What benefit might she get from taking it?

A) Vitamin A absorption decreases with aging so supplements would improve cataracts.
B) Iron supplements are not needed because iron status improves.
C) Calcium supplements may slow bone loss due to declining calcium absorption and reduced milk intake.
D) Zinc supplements will greatly improve the immune response.

Question 76

A 7-year-old boy who is not eating breakfast before going to school because he doesn't want to miss the school bus:

A) is less likely to become overweight.
B) will not make up the nutrients he missed at lunch and dinner.
C) will perform his best on the tests he takes in the morning.
D) will be commended by the teacher for paying close attention in class.

Question 77

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics?

A) dairy products
B) nicotine gum
C) calcium-fortified juices
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 78

Lois is a 65-year-old female who participates in an exercise class at least three times a week. In addition, she drinks six glasses of water each day and consumes a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables and whole-grain breads and cereals. Lois has high blood pressure, takes medication for her hypertension, and experiences constipation frequently. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her constipation?

A) low fiber intake
B) inadequate exercise
C) medications
D) low fluid intake

Question 79

Actions of elderly adults that are having an impact on their nutritional health include all of the following except:

A) they are eating low-fat dairy foods and leaner meats.
B) they are eating more vegetables and whole-grain breads.
C) they are decreasing the use of alcohol to fight depression.
D) they are participating in the Meals on Wheels Program.

Question 80

What are the best recommendations to the elderly for eating out?

A) Select meals mainly from restaurants because they have many excellent choices that are high in fiber.
B) Avoid pasta dishes because they are all high in fat.
C) Eat at full-service restaurants because they always have a variety of fruits and vegetables included with their meals.
D) Select nutrient-dense take-home foods from supermarkets because they can be portioned into appropriate serving sizes.
Controversy 14 Multiple-Choice Items