Deck 11: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

A child's appetite begins to diminish around the first birthday.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Adult heart disease is a major pediatric problem.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The more often a food is presented to a young child, the less likely the child will like that food.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Children's food aversions may be the result of nature's efforts to protect them from allergic or other adverse reactions.

Question 5

Saturated fat need not be limited in the diets of children younger than 5 years of age.

Question 6

Research studies conducted on preschool children's food intakes have shown that:

A)food energy intake was usually the same from meal to meal.
B)the total daily energy intake was highly inconsistent.
C)if they ate more at one meal, they ate less at the next.
D)energy intake decreases as children get older.

Question 7

Children of nonobese parents have less than a 10% chance of becoming an obese adult.

Question 8

Nancy consumes fewer kcalories at 14 months than she did at 11 months.This change in appetite probably indicates that she is:

A)ill and needs medical attention.
B)not as physically active now as when she was 11 months old.
C)in a less rapid stage of growth now.
D)becoming malnourished.

Question 9

Allergic reactions to foods always occur within 3-4 hours after the food is consumed.

Question 10

Restricting dietary sodium causes an immediate drop in most children's and adolescents' blood pressure.

Question 11

A child who drinks a lot of milk and won't consume much else is likely to show signs of:

A)anemia.
B)ariboflavinosis.
C)hyperkeratosis.
D)rickets.
E)pellagra.

Question 12

A child's brain is not affected by iron deficiency until a blood deficit of this mineral develops.

Question 13

Children who spend more than two hours each day watching television or other media can become obese even while consuming fewer kcalories than more active children.

Question 14

Which of the following statements accurately describes the energy needs of a child?

A)Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline with age.
B)Energy needs fluctuate as children get older.
C)Total energy needs decrease with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age.
D)Energy needs remain the same until puberty.

Question 15

A one-year-old child needs about _____ kcalories a day.

A)800
B)1000
C)1200
D)1400

Question 16

Children who eat nutritious breakfasts function better in school than their peers who do not.

Question 17

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.

Question 18

Vegan diets for children must be planned carefully because otherwise they may not provide enough:

A)protein.
B)fiber.
C)kcalories.
D)sodium.

Question 19

Children forced to try new foods are less likely to try those foods again than are children who are left to decide for themselves.

Question 20

To prevent iron deficiency, a child needs _____ mg of iron per day.

A)2-3
B)3-5
C)7-10
D)9-12

Question 21

Based on data from the BMI-for-age growth charts, children and adolescents are categorized as overweight when their weight is above the _____ percentile.

A)75^th
B)85^th
C)95^th
D)99^th

Question 22

The most significant effects of long-term hunger on children include:

A)behavioral problems.
B)poor performance in school.
C)apathetic attitude.
D)impaired growth.

Question 23

All of these foods are likely to cause allergic reactions except:

A)milk.
B)corn.
C)eggs.
D)wheat.
E)soybeans.

Question 24

True hyperactivity:

A)can be cured with dietary changes.
B)can be cured by eliminating sugar.
C)can be cured by eliminating food additives.
D)is not caused by poor nutrition.

Question 25

The easiest and most practical way to control the amount of candy and carbonated drinks a child consumes is to:

A)prevent the child from knowing of their existence.
B)never let the child visit his grandparents.
C)always substitute artificially sweetened products.
D)teach the child that such foods are highly noxious.
E)limit the availability of these items.

Question 26

Nutrient deficiencies during childhood:

A)have no effect on future health.
B)can affect a child's mood and behavior.
C)are directly associated with dysfunctional families.
D)are rare.

Question 27

When a food protein enters the body and evokes an immunologic response, this causes:

A)a food allergy.
B)an food intolerance.
C)hyperactivity.
D)anemia.

Question 28

Among the following, the foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are:

A)milk, cheese, or yogurt.
B)oranges, apples, or bananas.
C)prunes , grapes, or raisins.
D)whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads.
E)dark green, deep orange, or yellow vegetables.

Question 29

How many ounces of protein foods are needed daily to meet nutrient needs for a child who needs 1000 kcal/day?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 30

The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) found that the most commonly consumed vegetable among infants and toddlers was:

A)potatoes.
B)carrots.
C)tomatoes.
D)corn.

Question 31

Logan is 14 years old and has a BMI above the 85^th percentile.His mother's BMI is 23 and his father's BMI is 32.Logan's chance of becoming an obese adult is:

A)50%.
B)60%.
C)70%.
D)80%.

Question 32

The best known and most widespread effects of iron-deficiency anemia are its impacts on:

A)memory and sleep patterns.
B)growth and athletic performance.
C)behavior and intellectual performance.
D)the immune system and reading level.

Question 33

To prevent a child's exposure to lead, you would do all of the following except:

A)prevent the child from putting old painted objects in the mouth.
B)allow the child to play with crayons made in other countries.
C)make sure the child consumes nutritious meals consistently.
D)make infant formula with lead-free water.

Question 34

Which of the following is likely to occur if candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets are permitted in large quantities during the growing years?

A)obesity
B)hyperactivity
C)nutrient toxicities
D)developmental delays

Question 35

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Normal-weight children naturally regulate their energy intake.
B)The preference for sweet tastes is innate.
C)Children can be trusted to naturally choose healthful foods.
D)Underweight children can be allowed to eat higher-kcal but nutritious snacks.

Question 36

According to the USDA Food Patterns, how many cups of milk or milk products are needed daily for a child on a 1000-kcal diet?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 37

Which of the following foods would provide a child with a rich source of iron?

A)ice cream
B)applesauce
C)bean dip
D)cheese

Question 38

Children who skip breakfast exhibit all of the following characteristics except:

A)lower vitamin intakes.
B)poor concentration.
C)lower test scores.
D)lower rate of overweight.

Question 39

Which of the following foods is most likely to cause anaphylactic shock?

A)peanuts
B)rice
C)oatmeal
D)bananas

Question 40

A child with any of several nutrient deficiencies may be described in all of these ways except:

A)depressed.
B)unlikable.
C)hyperactive.
D)unclean.

Question 41

Characteristics of school lunches include all of the following except:

A)they must include specified quantities of certain foods each week.
B)different school lunch patterns are required for different age groups.
C)they must adhere to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
D)enriched grains and animal protein foods are required components.

Question 42

Children are more likely to eat vegetables when they are:

A)not seasoned.
B)cut in small pieces.
C)raw or slightly undercooked.
D)overcooked and very soft.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about children and television viewing is false?

A)Children who have a TV in their room are more likely to be overweight.
B)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV are least likely to eat vegetables.
C)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV often snack on high-fat foods.
D)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV are more likely to eat fruits.

Question 44

The Expert Committee of the American Medical Association recommends healthy habits for children and adolescents to prevent obesity.Which of the following is not one of those recommendations?

A)Eat together as a family as often as possible.
B)Engage in at least 20 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.
C)Learn to eat age-appropriate portions of foods.
D)Limit the frequency of restaurant meals.

Question 45

Which obese teenager would be considered a candidate for bariatric surgery?

A)Preston, who has a BMI of 52 and has an average IQ
B)Jacob, who has a BMI of 38 and has reached physical maturity
C)Darla, who has type 2 diabetes and hasn't yet begun to menstruate
D)Cynthia, who has just enrolled in a weight-loss program for the first time due to her BMI of 48

Question 46

All of the following factors undermine the efforts of the National School Lunch Program to serve nutritious foods at school except:

A)short lunch periods and long lines.
B)the availability of salad bars.
C)access to vending machines.
D)the presence of fast-food restaurants.

Question 47

Adolescents who eat at home with family members:

A)tend to gain more weight.
B)are less influenced by their peers.
C)consume a more nutritious diet.
D)watch more television.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding children's food intake and health status is true?

A)Children are lighter today than they were 30 years ago.
B)17% of U.S.children and teens 2-19 years of age are obese.
C)Changes in children's weight status can be largely explained by genetics.
D)The increase in children's weight status can be blamed entirely on poor parenting skills.

Question 49

Because the interactions between parents and children can set the stage for lifelong attitudes and habits, wise parents:

A)do not attempt change.
B)treat their child's food preferences with respect.
C)exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits.
D)impose their own eating habits on their children.
E)wait until their children start school to initiate changes.

Question 50

The majority of children who eat school breakfast are:

A)boys.
B)girls.
C)from low-income families.
D)from high-income families.

Question 51

Children should not be allowed to eat while running because:

A)this increases the child's risk of choking.
B)they should not be allowed to play until after meals.
C)physical activity in children should be discouraged.
D)this increases the child's risk of food allergies.

Question 52

Iron intakes often do not meet the iron needs of adolescent females because they tend to:

A)eat less iron-rich foods and fewer kcalories.
B)consume more foods that interfere with iron absorption.
C)have a longer growth spurt.
D)develop greater lean body mass.

Question 53

Which of the following is not generally a recommended approach for the treatment of childhood obesity?

A)psychological support
B)behavior modification
C)family involvement
D)diet restriction

Question 54

Nutrients often found lacking in teenage diets include:

A)iron, calcium, and vitamin D.
B)vitamin C, sodium, and protein.
C)fat, iron, and fiber.
D)calcium, zinc, and vitamin B₁₂.

Question 55

Martha asks for advice on getting her "picky" child Bob to eat.You suggest:

A)choosing fresh fruit as a snack herself and offering some to Bob.
B)keeping Bob away from the kitchen so he isn't bothered by cooking smells.
C)insisting he eat all the food he is given at each meal.
D)allowing Bob to select all the foods she purchases at the grocery store.

Question 56

The adolescent growth spurt:

A)begins earlier in girls than in boys.
B)affects every organ except the brain.
C)decreases total nutrient needs.
D)causes a greater weight gain in girls.

Question 57

A leading cause of pediatric hypertension is:

A)a low intake of whole-grain foods.
B)obesity.
C)excessive sodium intake from soft drink consumption.
D)type 1 diabetes.

Question 58

A good way for an adolescent to build and protect her bones is to:

A)snack on dairy products.
B)eat tuna fish sandwiches for lunch.
C)consume more fiber.
D)choose low-fat snacks.

Question 59

As a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to _____ of television and video time per day.

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours

Question 60

Power struggles over food arise when:

A)parents try to control every aspect of a child's eating.
B)children are allowed to regulate their own food intake.
C)parents don't demonstrate healthy eating habits.
D)children are presented with too many food choices.

Question 61

Matching

Question 62

According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children and adolescents should engage in:

A)muscle-strengthening exercise at least 5 days per week.
B)moderate or vigorous aerobic activity for at least 60 minutes each day.
C)moderate or vigorous aerobic activity for 30 minutes each day.
D)a combination of muscle- and bone-strengthening exercises every day.

Question 63

At home, where teenagers are frequently snacking, the best strategy for parents is to stock the pantry with:

A)plenty of diet drinks and low-fat snacks.
B)easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious.
C)enough food for only one snack a day.
D)100-kcalorie snack packs.

Question 64

Bobby's hemoglobin and hematocrit come back slightly low.Dietary counseling should include a question to the client regarding pica, such as:

A)"Do you ever crave or eat non-foods, such as paint chips?"
B)"Do you have diarrhea?"
C)"Do you skip breakfast?"
D)"Do you experience a tingling in your throat when you consume certain foods?"

Question 65

The nurse practitioner suggests that Bobby begin taking an over-the-counter children's multivitamin-mineral supplement.The multivitamin-mineral supplement provides 10 $\mu$ g (100% Daily Value) of vitamin D.How many 8-oz.glasses of milk, each supplying 2.5 $\mu$ g of vitamin D, will Bobby need to consume daily?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 66

The most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes in children is:

A)food intolerances.
B)high cholesterol.
C)obesity.
D)food allergies.

Question 67

Bobby's fatigue is due to iron's role in:

A)neurotransmitter synthesis.
B)immune function.
C)energy metabolism.
D)brain tissue development.

Question 68

Fatty streaks can appear in the arteries as early as:

A)childhood.
B)adolescence.
C)early adulthood.
D)middle age.

Question 69

Adolescents eat about _____ of their meals away from home, which can enhance or hinder their nutritional well being.

A)¹/₄
B)¹/₃
C)¹/₂
D)²/₃

Question 70

Snacks provide about _____ of the average teenager's total daily food energy intake.

A)¹/₃
B)¹/₄
C)²/₃
D)³/₄

Question 71

An acceptable cholesterol level for a child or adolescent is:

A)< 170 mg/dL
B)170-199 mg/dL
C)200-239 mg/dL
D)> 240 mg/dL

Question 72

Bobby's diet is low in iron, vitamin D, fiber, and possibly other nutrients, such as zinc.He eats too many foods that contain added sugars.Select the false statement regarding any of these dietary components.

A)Children with iron-deficiency anemia perform poorly on tests.
B)Iron-deficiency anemia can cause disruptive behavior in children.
C)Malnutrition can cause abnormalities such as hyperactivity and depression.
D)Restricting dietary sugar will cure hyperactivity.

Question 73

Persistent high blood cholesterol levels may need to be treated with drugs in children once they are _____ years old.

A)6
B)8
C)10
D)16
Use the following case study to answer questions 59-64.
Bobby is a 9-year-old Caucasian boy.At his most recent medical appointment, a physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year.His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosa was white.His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention.He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night after school watching TV and playing video games.He gets very little exercise.Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year.Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn.The nurse practitioner obtains this diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk.Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels.The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries.Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn.At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup.Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day.Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks.At school likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kCalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk.He puts ketchup on "everything."

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of genetics in obesity?

A)One is destined at birth to become obese.
B)One inherits the potential to become obese.
C)Obesity genes come from the mother's side of the family.
D)Obesity genes come from the father's side of the family.

Question 75

According to researchers, two behaviors of teens that can lead to weight gain are:

A)skipping breakfast and eating fast food.
B)staying up late and skipping school.
C)holding down a job and skipping dinner.
D)skipping breakfast and playing sports.

Question 76

Identify ways in which excessive "screen time" adversely affects children's nutritional health.

Question 77

Which food(s) from the MyPlate dairy foods group reliably supplies vitamin D?

A)milk
B)yogurt
C)cheese
D)all of the above

Question 78

Which food-beverage combination will best improve Bobby's iron status?

A)ham sandwich with iced tea
B)ham sandwich with orange juice
C)ham sandwich with milk
D)ham sandwich with water

Question 79

Describe the relationship between hunger and school performance.

Question 80

Which of the following statements regarding teenagers and beverages is false?

A)Juice is usually only consumed at breakfast.
B)Soft drinks may affect bone density because they displace milk from the diet.
C)Girls are more likely to drink enough milk to meet their calcium needs.
D)Regular soft drink consumption can contribute to weight gain.