Deck 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following factors influence the experience of chronic pain?

A)Attributing it to a traumatic injury.
B)Being fearful of causing further pain by engaging in activity.
C)Feeling unable to control their pain.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)data from 2006 revealed that _____________was/were the most common disability in those aged over 65.

A)a chronic health condition
B)mobility problems
C)chronic pain
D)learning disability

Answer 2

mobility problems

Question 3

Within a medical model,disability is considered a _________ requiring treatment to correct the problem,whereas within a social model,disability is viewed as a ____________.

A)characteristic of a person; function of both the physical and social environments
B)function of the social environment; characteristic of a person
C)function of the physical environment; a function of the way the person reacts to perceived limitations
D)characteristic of a person; impairment associated with physical health problems

Answer 3

characteristic of a person; function of both the physical and social environments

Question 4

Although quality-of-life assessment tools are used frequently to assess functioning,concerns persist around the

A)inability of these measures to be sensitive to change.
B)lack of predictive validity of these measures within many populations.
C)lack of standardization among these measures.
D)fact that these measures focus on physical problems,and not mental problems.

Question 5

To conduct health psychology research

A)it is not necessary to have clinical training.
B)the researcher is strongly advised to obtain clinical training.
C)it is mandatory that the individual have clinical training.
D)it is mandatory to have clinical training for clinical rather than empirical)research only.

Question 6

Work settings for a clinical health psychologist include

A)hospitals.
B)community health clinic.
C)private practice.
D)all of the above.

Question 7

According to the WHO model of disability,an individual's functioning or disability is determined by the interaction of

A)pre-morbid functioning and supportiveness of the environment.
B)the availability of integrated services and readiness to change.
C)severity of impairment and motivation to change.
D)health conditions and contextual variables.

Question 8

Chronic pain is associated with

A)anorexia.
B)sleep disturbance.
C)nightmares.
D)malingering.

Question 9

Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)data from 2006 revealed an overall disability rate of approximately

A)5%.
B)15%.
C)25%.
D)35%.

Question 10

Health psychologists treat problems such as

A)essential hypertension.
B)irritable bowel syndrome.
C)peptic ulcers.
D)all of the above.

Question 11

Pain is considered chronic when it persists for

A)less than 6 weeks.
B)6 - 12 weeks.
C)more than 3 months.
D)more than 6 months.

Question 12

____________ is a helpful strategy for managing acute pain in children.

A)Distraction
B)Denying the pain
C)Giving false reassurance
D)Focusing on the pain

Question 13

Which twentieth century advances set the stage for psychologists to play a significant role in health promotion,treatment of disease,and rehabilitation?

A)Sanitation.
B)Medicine.
C)Medical technology.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

The World Health Organization WHO)has adopted a ______________ model of disability.

A)psychosocial
B)social-contextual
C)biosocial
D)biopsychosocial

Question 15

The most common disabilities for children are ____________.

A)chronic pain and mobility limitations
B)chronic pain and learning disabilities
C)chronic health conditions and learning disabilities
D)chronic health conditions and chronic pain

Question 16

When conducting assessments and interventions clinical health psychologists must

A)be knowledgeable about the physical disorders from which their patients suffer.
B)consider psychological issues,such as the applicability of a mental disorder diagnosis in addition to a physical disorder.
C)consider the person's social context.
D)all of the above.

Question 17

A pain that serves an unpleasant,but useful,function for an individual and lasts for a short duration is classified as _______ pain.

A)acute
B)prolonged
C)chronic
D)short-term

Question 18

According to Canadian Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)rates of disability ______________ with age.

A)decrease
B)remain constant
C)increase
D)can either decrease or increase

Question 19

___________ refers to aspects of well-being for individuals living with diverse disorders,as well as for their caregivers.

A)Quality-of-life
B)Biosocial health
C)Level of satisfaction
D)Environmental contentment

Question 20

The experience of chronic pain problems is influenced by

A)lack of social support.
B)the possibility of compensation.
C)dysfunctional beliefs about pain.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

Treatment planning in rehabilitation based on the acronym SMART Wilson,2008)establishes goals that are

A)specific,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
B)short,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
C)specific,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
D)short,measurable,active,reliable and timely.

Question 22

CBT treatment for insomnia includes:

A)sleep hygiene,stimulus control,sleep restriction,cognitive restructuring.
B)sleep hygiene,behavioural activation,sleep restriction,cognitive restructuring.
C)behavioural activation,sleep hygiene,exposure,cognitive restructuring.
D)exposure,cognitive restructuring,stimulus control,sleep restriction.

Question 23

Psychological approaches to treatment for chronic pain management involve

A)problem-solving.
B)relaxation.
C)contingency management.
D)all of the above.

Question 24

Conducted by clinical neuropsychologists,_________ assessment is specifically designed to balance the need for autonomy with the need for protection,and requires an understanding of the ways in which functioning can be impaired by injury and degenerative processes.

A)legal
B)deterioration
C)capacity
D)traumatic brain injury

Question 25

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at providing information for treatment planning and rehabilitation,a relevant question could include:

A)Is there evidence of brain dysfunction that could be related to the person committing a violent act?
B)What kind of special learning aids will this child with a learning disability require?
C)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by her head injury?
D)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?

Question 26

Research has demonstrated that there is _______________ between performance on a neuropsychological test and performance of the activities of daily living.

A)no simple correspondence
B)a very strong causal link
C)some relationship
D)no relationship

Question 27

Behavioural strategies to treat insomnia include

A)getting out of bed when unable to sleep and returning only when sleepy.
B)avoiding caffeine in the evening.
C)changing dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.
D)avoiding exercise late in the evening.

Question 28

Current individualized cognitive rehabilitation programs for attentional problems and early stage Alzheimer's disease

A)are methodologically sound.
B)have been shown to be efficacious in randomized controlled trials.
C)currently provide only limited empirical support.
D)have been shown to work in effectiveness studies.

Question 29

A survey of rehabilitation programs within the American Hospital Association 2003)revealed that _________ programs incorporated neuropsychological testing for individuals who had been hospitalized for a stroke or brain injury.

A)no
B)few
C)most
D)all

Question 30

Many norms for neuropsychological tests are based on samples that under-represent

A)children.
B)minorities.
C)females.
D)all of the above.

Question 31

The history of treatment for individuals with neurocognitive impairment is _________ the history of treatment for mental disorders.

A)comparable to
B)much more extensive than
C)relatively brief compared to
D)controversial compared to

Question 32

The ways that injuries and diseases affect the brain is referred to as

A)neuroanatomy.
B)neuropathology.
C)neurology.
D)neuropsychology.

Question 33

CBT treatments for insomnia

A)can be delivered inexpensively and effectively.
B)can be delivered only in individual therapy.
C)are more expensive than pharmacotherapy.
D)have only shown effectiveness in the short-term.

Question 34

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at formulating a diagnosis,a relevant question could include:

A)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
B)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by head injury?
C)What is the extent of damage to this employee who sustained an electric shock?
D)What can be done to help this person with mild memory loss?

Question 35

The College of Psychologists of Ontario requires that forensic psychologists have additional knowledge in

A)criminal behaviour.
B)risk management.
C)risk assessment.
D)all of the above.

Question 36

Which test is widely considered a useful tool in evaluating cognitive functioning?

A)The Reitan-Luria battery.
B)The Luria-Halstead battery.
C)The Halstead-Morin battery.
D)The Halstead-Reitan battery.

Question 37

Principles of sleep hygiene include

A)stimulus control.
B)sleep restriction.
C)avoiding caffeine,smoking,and exercise near bedtime.
D)taking a hot bath or shower before going to bed.

Question 38

Cognitive rehabilitation techniques for memory difficulties

A)are most successful when they retrain memory.
B)often involve the use of external memory aids.
C)can only be delivered by clinical neuropsychologists.
D)are only helpful when combined with Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.

Question 39

Neuropsychology is the study of ____________,whereas clinical neuropsychology is _____.

A)neurological injury or disease; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
B)brain-behaviour relationships; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
C)neurological injury or disease; the study of brain-behaviour relationships
D)brain-behaviour relationships; the study of neurological injury or disease

Question 40

If Joanna avoids caffeine and other stimulants in the evening she is practising good

A)sleep strategies.
B)rest enhancers.
C)sleep hygiene.
D)self-care.

Question 41

Which test was found to be unacceptable by expert forensic psychologists to both assess the propensity towards violence and competency to stand trial?

A)The Personality Assessment Inventory
B)The Rorschach
C)The MMPI-2
D)The WAIS III

Question 42

Canadian researcher Robert Hare is primarily known for his ground-breaking work on

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)psychopathy.
C)neurological deficits.
D)aging.

Question 43

The risk assessments conducted by forensic psychologists focus primarily on

A)the risk of the individual re-engaging in violent criminal behaviour.
B)the risks that individuals pose to themselves.
C)ability to benefit from social skills group training.
D)suicidal risk.

Question 44

What is the term used to describe the act of committing a crime after release from incarceration?

A)Relapse
B)Lapse
C)Recidivism
D)Recriminalization

Question 45

Based on expert opinion on tests for forensic evaluations,the most highly recommended tool for assessing the risk of violence is the

A)Violence Risk Appraisal Guide.
B)MCMI-II.
C)MMPI-2.
D)Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.

Question 46

Which of the following is not within the scope of a forensic psychologist's role for a court-related assessment of an accused individual?

A)Evaluating the mental status of the accused at the time of an offence.
B)Providing an opinion on the accused individual's competency to stand trial.
C)Providing a specific recommendation for the severity of a prison sentence.
D)All of the above are within the forensic psychologist's scope.

Question 47

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is ___________ assessing risk of violence.

A)as effective as projective measures in
B)one of many effective tools for
C)the most highly recommended tool for
D)the least highly recommended tool for

Question 48

The PCL-R

A)measures psychopathy.
B)is considered to be the single best predictor of violent behaviour.
C)is considered to be useful in diverse cultural contexts.
D)all of the above.

Question 49

Meta-analyses by Dowden and Andrews 2004)support the utility of ____________ interventions for offenders.

A)CBT
B)Experiential
C)Psychodynamic
D)Interpersonal

Question 50

A meta-analysis by Wilson and colleagues 2005)found that offenders who had been treated had a recidivism rate of ________% whereas untreated offenders had a recidivism rate of ________%.

A)77; 25
B)22; 50
C)46; 54
D)56; 56