Deck 7: Proteins: Amino Acids

Question 1

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

A)Methionine
B)Alanine
C)Cysteine
D)Serine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Soybean oil 
C)Avocado with leafy greens salad 
D)Sesame seed crackers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Compared to a triglyceride molecule,an amino acid molecule ________.

A)is comprised of glucose units
B)has nitrogen in its chemical structure
C)provides more energy
D)has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

A)8 ounce glass of soy milk
B)1 ounce of baby carrots
C)½ cup of watermelon chunks
D)6 whole-wheat crackers

Question 5

A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids bond through a ________ reaction.

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)enzymatic
D)aminopeptidase

Question 6

Tertiary structure is a protein's final three-dimensional form.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

A)All hormones are proteins.
B)Protein is the primary energy source for the human body.
C)Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.
D)Proteins are a major component of starch molecules. 

Question 8

Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner.

Question 9

Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?

A)Alanine
B)Phenylalanine
C)Leucine
D)Valine

Question 10

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

A)potassium
B)chloride
C)nitrogen
D)iron

Question 11

The body uses proteins to make ________.

A)certain hormones
B)trans fats
C)magnesium ions
D)calcium carbonate

Question 12

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

A)peptide bond
B)fatty acid chain
C)glycosidic linkage
D)partially-hydrogenated protein

Question 13

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and,as a result,the molecule loses its usual function.

A)Hydrogenation
B)Protonation
C)Denaturation
D)Filtration

Question 14

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk.To support normal infant development,the formula must have ________ as an ingredient.

A)tryptophan
B)glutamic acid
C)taurine
D)aspartic acid

Question 15

An amino acid does not contain a(n) ________.

A)fatty acid group
B)acid group
C)amino group
D)carbon skeleton

Question 16

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form.

A)quaternary
B)primary
C)secondary
D)tertiary

Question 17

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk,cornstarch,lemon juice,egg yolks,salt,sugar,and butter.When she added some of the ingredients together,little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it.What happened to those ingredients?

A)The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.
B)The cholesterol in the raw egg yolks reacted with the butter.
C)The salt activated the sugar after being mixed with the egg yolks.  
D)The cornstarch deaminated the lactose in the milk.

Question 18

Proteins ________.

A)are comprised of amino acids
B)have phosphorus in their chemical structures
C)provide 7 kcal/g
D)are stored as glycogen in the body

Question 19

A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential,but becomes essential under certain conditions.

A)conditionally essential
B)essential
C)dispensable
D)indespensable

Question 20

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

A)plasma membrane
B)golgi apparatus
C)DNA
D)ribosomes

Question 21

Jacob is a healthy,active 14-year-old boy.Recently,he began to experience a growth spurt.Based on this information,his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

A)positive
B)activated
C)inverted
D)negative

Question 22

If a person's RDA for protein is 65 g,they weigh approximately ________ kg.

A)82
B)180
C)155
D)52

Question 23

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

A)Amylase
B)Cholecystokinin
C)Trypsin
D)Bile

Question 24

A ________ reaction is one in which the nitrogen-containing group of one amino acid is transferred to another substance (such as a Kreb's Cycle intermediate)to make a nonessential amino acid.

A)transamination
B)deamination
C)condensation
D)aminopeptidase

Question 25

Final digestion of proteins occurs in the absorptive cells of the large intestine.

Question 26

A ________ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.

A)fatty acid
B)carbon skeleton
C)dipeptide fragment
D)ribonucleotide

Question 27

After absorption,amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

Question 28

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

A)stomach
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)colon

Question 29

When a person is in ________,their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses.

A)nitrogen equilibrium
B)positive nitrogen balance
C)negative nitrogen balance

Question 30

Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen.

Question 31

The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

A)pituitary gland
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)small intestine

Question 32

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week.As a result of the illness,he has a fever and has lost his appetite.Based on this information,his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

A)negative
B)facilitated
C)positive
D)deactivated

Question 33

In the stomach,________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

A)gastric lipase and intrinsic factor
B)hydrochloric acid and pepsin
C)mucus and cholecystokinin
D)pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor

Question 34

Lily is 22 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.

A)10 to 35
B)20 to 45
C)30 to 55
D)40 to 65

Question 35

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

A)Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter
B)Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas
C)Kidney beans mixed with rice
D)Salad made with apples,pears,and grapes

Question 36

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with abnormal blood urea nitrogen?

A)Liver failure
B)Malnutrition
C)Kidney disease
D)Colon cancer

Question 37

If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds,her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.

Question 38

The ________ is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality.  Protein quality is determined based on both the amino acid composition score and the digestibility of the protein in the food source.

A)protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)
B)biological value (BV)
C)protein efficiency ratio (PER)
D)recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Question 39

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein?

A)Slice of American cheese
B)Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots
C)½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks
D)Peanut butter on crackers

Question 40

Katrina is 20 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,what is her range of protein intake?

A)90 to 360 kcal/day
B)180 to 630 kcal/day
C)450 to 900 kcal/day
D)720 to 1080 kcal/day

Question 41

Fred is a lactovegetarian.Which of the following foods does he eat?

A)Eggs
B)Fish
C)Cheese
D)Chicken

Question 42

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

Question 43

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

A)Avoid adding the bay leaf
B)Omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube
C)Replace the barley with rice
D)Add some wine to denature the chicken protein

Question 44

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

A)dehydration
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)arthritis
D)stroke

Question 45

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has ________.

A)PKU
B)amino acid toxicity syndrome
C)cystic fibrosis
D)IBD

Question 46

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy?

A)Hives
B)Vomiting and/or diarrhea
C)Swollen lips
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.
B)In the United States,teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.
C)Compared to children in other parts of the world,impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.
D)Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

Question 48

High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?

A)Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries.
B)Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child.
C)Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy,but insufficient high-quality protein.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 50

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease.The original pudding recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

A)apple juice;milk
B)honey;sugar
C)corn oil;butter
D)tapioca;flour

Question 51

Dallas,a healthy,active teenager,was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old.In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine,which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

A)Baked potatoes
B)Fat-free milk
C)Fried fish
D)Lean hamburger

Question 52

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

A)lying down after meals
B)eating foods that contain phenylalanine
C)consuming foods that contain gluten
D)taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine

Question 53

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

A)hyperglycemia
B)celiac disease
C)measles
D)diabetes

Question 54

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

A)Carrots and celery
B)Wheat and shellfish
C)Peanuts and other nuts
D)Fish and shellfish

Question 55

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

A)Wine
B)Sunflower seeds
C)Blueberries
D)Crab

Question 56

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease.The original cake recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

A)water;milk
B)cornmeal;flour
C)margarine;butter
D)aspartame;sugar

Question 57

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts.While attending a classroom party,Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts,and she rapidly developed ________ as a result. 

A)fibrosis
B)torticollis
C)cirrhosis
D)anaphylaxis

Question 58

Gluten contains a peptide called ________ that,in those with celiac disease,can enter the intestinal mucosa and activate the immune system.  This then contributes to the destruction of villi and resultant inflammation.

A)gliadin
B)celiactidase
C)glutenin
D)glutopeptidase

Question 59

When Thompson was 5 years of age,he began to complain that his stomach hurt,especially after eating meals and snacks.He also experienced chronic diarrhea.His parents noticed that he could eat poultry,meat,dairy foods,fruits,and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems,but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches,cookies,crackers,or pancakes.Based on this information,Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)celiac disease
C)irritable bowel syndrome
D)colon cancer

Question 60

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

A)Rye
B)Graham flour
C)Millet
D)Semolina flour

Question 61

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age,weight and height;Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph.This is an example of __________.

A)nutrigenomics
B)nutrigenetics
C)nutrifanatics
D)nutripronomics

Question 62

Bryce is a pescavegetarian.Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

A)Egg salad
B)Chicken salad
C)Tuna salad
D)Fruit salad

Question 63

Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.

Question 64

Bernard recently started following a vegan diet.  What is a possible disadvantage to following such a diet?

A)Low intake of certain minerals,including zinc,iron,and calcium
B)High intake of vitamins C and E
C)Low intake of saturated fats
D)High intake of phytochemicals

Question 65

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

A)fiber
B)vitamin C
C)protein
D)sodium

Question 66

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________.

A)saturated fat
B)cholesterol
C)vitamin B-12
D)vitamin C

Question 67

The Human Genome Project was established to to identify the amino acids in human protein.

Question 68

Anisah follows a vegetarian diet that includes milk and milk products and eggs,but no other animal foods.  What type of vegetarian diet is Anisah following?

A)Lactoovovegetarian
B)Semivegetarian
C)Ovovegetarian
D)Lactovegetarian

Question 69

________ is the study of how nutrients affect the expression of a person's genome.

A)Nutrigenomics
B)Nutrigenetics
C)Personalized nutrition
D)Genetics

Question 70

Genetic testing allows an infant born with a genetic mutation affecting nutrient metabolism to be treated with a special diets to ensure proper nutrition.

Question 71

As a result of the Human Genome Project,scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression.

Question 72

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects.This is an example of __________.

A)nutrigenomics
B)nutrigenetics
C)nutrifanatics
D)nutripronomics