Deck 15: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Question 1

Low-profile gastrostomy tubes are often preferred by children and active adults for long-term home enteral nutrition programs.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Many tube feeding complications can be prevented by selecting the formula and feeding route wisely, preparing the formula correctly, and delivering it appropriately.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When a patient receives enteral nutrition through tube feedings, they cannot eat food.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What type of enteral formulas are made from whole foods and derive their protein primarily from pureed meat?​

A) ​Standard
B) ​Hydrolyzed
C) ​Blenderized
D) ​Modular
E) ​Polymeric

Question 5

If a client tolerates a formula after it is initiated, the rate of a continuous feeding should be increased by about 30 milliliters per hour every 8 to 10 hours.​

Question 6

Fiber-containing formulas would most likely be used for what condition?​

A) ​Diarrhea
B) ​Chronic kidney disease
C) ​Celiac disease
D) ​Vitamin K deficiency
E) ​Hemophilia

Question 7

A patient who is suffering from weakness and lethargy is using an oral supplement to take in extra nutrients. A disadvantage of using oral nutrition supplements is that _____.​

A) ​they are only available in the hospital
B) ​patients must consume large volumes to gain any benefits
C) ​they are too high in sugar and fat
D) ​patients get tired of the taste
E) ​they must be delivered through a feeding tube

Question 8

Once the need for intravenous nutrition has resolved, the client should be immediately taken off of the solution and put onto an oral diet.​

Question 9

Which patient would most likely be a candidate for enteral tube feedings?​

A) ​A patient with severe dysphagia
B) ​A person suffering from intractable diarrhea
C) ​A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding
D) ​A person suffering from a paralytic ileus
E) ​A patient who has undergone a bone marrow transplant

Question 10

Types of formulas that contain complete proteins are called _____.​

A) ​disease-specific formulas
B) hydrolyzed formulas​
C) ​standard formulas
D) ​modular formulas
E) ​monomeric formulas

Question 11

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients by using the _____.​

A) ​lymphatic system
B) ​digestive tract
C) ​central veins
D) ​peripheral veins
E) ​urinary system

Question 12

Insertion of central catheters is less invasive and more easily performed than direct insertion of peripherally inserted catheters.​

Question 13

What describes an advantage of using a nasogastric tube to provide enteral tube feedings?​

A) ​It is not easily removed if a patient is disoriented.​
B) ​It has a low risk of aspiration.
C) ​It may allow enteral feedings even if an obstruction is present.
D) ​It is more comfortable when being inserted.
E) ​It is easy to insert and maintain.

Question 14

A drawback to using specialized or disease-specific formulas is that _____.​

A) ​they are expensive
B) ​patients do not tolerate them well
C) ​they cause high gastric residuals
D) ​they are not available for common chronic conditions
E) ​they contain too much dextrose or sucrose

Question 15

Highly concentrated nutrient solutions are not suitable for peripheral parenteral nutrition.

Question 16

​The economic impact of home nutrition support is a concern for people on these programs.

Question 17

The energy density of most enteral formulas is between _____.​

A) ​0.5 and 0.9 kcalories per mL
B) ​1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL
C) ​1.5 and 3.0 kcalories per mL
D) ​2.0 and 4.0 kcalories per mL
E) ​3.0 and 4.5 kcalories per mL

Question 18

Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition because enteral nutrition is associated with fewer complications.​

Question 19

Any drug-nutrient interaction that occurs between conventional foods and drugs can occur between formulas and drugs as well.​

Question 20

A formula that approximates the osmolality of normal blood serum _____.​

A) ​is called a hypertonic formula
B) ​is referred to as an isotonic formula
C) ​has an osmolality of approximately 500 milliosmoles per liter
D) ​is usually a hydrolyzed formula
E) ​often causes constipation with use

Question 21

The main source of energy in parenteral solutions is _____.​

A) ​amino acids
B) ​glucose
C) ​lipid emulsions
D) ​fluids and electrolytes
E) vitamins

Question 22

Which candidate would most likely benefit from peripheral parenteral nutrition?​

A) ​A patient who needs nutrition support for 2 to 4 weeks
B) ​A person who has fluid restrictions
C) ​A patient who does not have high nutrient needs
D) ​A patient with a central line
E) ​A person who has swallowing difficulties

Question 23

Delivering 250 to 500 milliliters of formula over 5 to 15 minutes is referred to as _____. ​

A) ​a bolus feeding
B) ​a continuous drip feeding
C) ​an intermittent feeding
D) ​a slow drip feeding
E) ​a closed tube feeding

Question 24

Which condition would most likely require nutrition delivered through TPN?​

A) ​A severe swallowing disorder
B) ​Mechanical ventilation
C) ​A neurological disorder
D) ​Paralytic ileus
E) ​Impaired esophageal motility

Question 25

A parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but which requires lipids to be administered separately is called a(n) _____.​

A) ​standard formula
B) ​modular formula
C) ​2-in-1 solution
D) ​total nutrient admixture
E) ​all-in-one solution

Question 26

The outer diameter of a feeding tube is measured in _____. ​

A) ​millimeters
B) ​French units
C) ​milliliters
D) ​English units
E) ​centimeters

Question 27

Enteral formulas may be used orally to supplement a patient's diet. When this occurs, _____ becomes an important consideration.​

A) ​taste
B) ​kcalorie content
C) ​osmolality
D) ​cost
E) ​glucose content

Question 28

The dextrose monohydrate used in parenteral nutrition solutions provides _____ kcal/g.​

A) ​0.9
B) ​1.8
C) ​2.5
D) ​3.4
E) ​4.2

Question 29

Which type of enteral formula usually has the highest osmolality?​

A) ​Standard formulas
B) ​Modular formulas
C) ​Specialized formulas
D) ​Elemental formulas
E) ​Polymeric formulas

Question 30

Compared to enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition _____.​

A) ​carries a greater risk of complications
B) ​is less expensive
C) ​can be used for longer periods of time
D) ​requires hospitalization
E) ​provides more nutrients

Question 31

In infants, _____ tube placement may be preferred because it aids breathing.​

A) ​nasogastric
B) ​nasoduodenal
C) ​orogastric
D) ​nasojejunal
E) ​jejunostomy

Question 32

A "12 French" feeding tube has a diameter of _____. ​

A) ​2 mm
B) ​4 mm
C) ​6 mm
D) ​8 mm
E) ​12 mm

Question 33

What tube placement site would be the most appropriate for a client who is expected to be on a tube feeding for less than 4 weeks?​

A) ​gastrostomy
B) ​jejunostomy
C) ​nasogastric
D) enterostomy​
E) ​duodenostomy

Question 34

Before discontinuing a tube feeding, the patient's oral intake should meet about _____ of estimated nutrient needs.​

A) ​1/4
B) ​1/3
C) ​1/2
D) ​2/3
E) ​3/4

Question 35

An adult's requirement for water is about _____ mL of water per kg of body weight per day​

A) ​5 to 10
B) ​10 to 15
C) ​25 to 30
D) ​30 to 40
E) ​50 to 60

Question 36

What action would best prevent bacterial contamination when providing an enteral tube feeding?​

A) ​Using fresh formula every 48 hours
B) ​Storing open or mixed formula in the refrigerator
C) ​Adding fresh formula to formula that has been hanging
D) ​Changing the feeding container and tubing every 72 hours
E) ​Hanging no more than a 24-hour supply of formula

Question 37

What describes an advantage of using a closed system for delivering enteral feedings?​

A) ​ Less likelihood of contamination
B) ​Increased nurse contact with the patient
C) ​Reasonable cost and less expense
D) ​Increased patient tolerance
E) ​Enhanced flavor for the patient

Question 38

Phlebitis may develop as a result of _____. ​

A) ​tube feeding intolerance
B) ​refeeding syndrome
C) ​peripheral parenteral nutrition
D) ​the use of hypertonic formulas
E) ​elevated blood glucose levels

Question 39

Lipid infusions must be restricted in patients with _____. ​

A) ​hypernatremia
B) ​hypertriglyceridemia
C) ​hyperglycemia
D) ​hyperkalemia
E) ​hypercalcemia

Question 40

A parenteral solution containing 500 mL of a 20% lipid emulsion would provide _____ kcalories from lipids.​

A) ​550
B) ​1000
C) ​1500
D) ​1800
E) ​2000

Question 41

Parenteral nutrition can be discontinued when _____ of estimated energy needs are being met by oral intake, tube feeding, or a combination of the two.​

A) ​35-50%
B) ​25-35%
C) ​35-75%
D) ​60-75%
E) ​80-90%

Question 42

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
Because Mr. Edward is starting parenteral nutrition, what actions should the team take that would best prevent liver damage? ​

A) ​Increase energy amounts in the nutrition formulation.
B) ​Provide a supplemental lipid infusion.
C) ​Decrease the amount of glucose in the infusion.
D) ​Administer infusions over a period of 4 to 6 weeks.
E) ​Provide continuous infusions instead of intermittent infusions.

Question 43

Currently, the primary treatment for many inborn errors that involve nutrient metabolism is _____. ​

A) ​medical nutrition therapy
B) ​gene therapy
C) ​the use of dietary supplements
D) ​genetic counseling
E) ​surgery

Question 44

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
Which parenteral infusion complication is Mr. Edward at risk of developing?​

A) ​Refeeding syndrome
B) ​Hypoglycemia
C) ​Hypernatremia
D) ​Hypovolemia
E) ​Metabolic bone disease

Question 45

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
Which type of feeding would be least likely to cause Mr. Edward a liver-related abnormality?​

A) ​A cyclic parenteral infusion
B) ​A continuous parenteral infusion
C) ​An oral feeding
D) ​Total parenteral nutrition
E) ​Continuous enteral feedings

Question 46

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
In the absence of any pre-existing medical problems or problems with digestion and absorption, the type of enteral formula that would be most appropriate for Mr. Avery is a(n) _____. ​

A) ​standard formula
B) ​elemental formula
C) ​specialized formula
D) ​3-in-1 solution
E) ​low-fiber formula

Question 47

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
Which form of nutrition support is appropriate for Mr. Avery at this time? ​

A) ​continuous parenteral nutrition
B) ​tube feedings
C) ​oral enteral supplements
D) ​peripheral parenteral nutrition
E) ​cyclic parenteral nutrition

Question 48

Dietary treatment of galactosemia depends primarily on the elimination of _____. ​

A) ​chicken and fish
B) ​milk and milk products
C) ​fruits and vegetables
D) ​cereals and pasta
E) ​peanuts and tree nuts

Question 49

The appropriate method for administering TPN to a critically ill and malnourished patient is as a _____. ​

A) ​bolus infusion
B) ​continuous infusion
C) ​cyclic infusion
D) ​prn infusion
E) ​gravity infusion

Question 50

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
Mr. Avery's swallowing ability and oral intake are improving. He is now consuming about 2/3 of his estimated nutrient needs from oral intake. It would be appropriate at this time to _____. ​

A) ​discontinue the tube feeding
B) ​increase the rate of the tube feeding
C) ​decrease the rate of the parenteral feeding
D) ​discontinue the parenteral feeding
E) ​include a vitamin-mineral supplement with the tube feeding

Question 51

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
Mr. Avery's feeding is being delivered continuously by an infusion pump. What best describes an advantage of using a continuous feeding? ​

A) ​It provides an accurate and steady flow rate
B) ​It is similar to usual patterns of eating for the patient
C) ​It provides more freedom of movement for the patient
D) ​There is less risk of diarrhea
E) ​It is a less expensive method

Question 52

Rapid changes in infusion rates of a parenteral solution can cause _____. ​

A) ​fluctuations in blood glucose levels
B) ​diarrhea
C) ​obstructions
D) ​infection
E) ​a clogged IV tube

Question 53

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
The nutrition support team determines how much carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and fluid they will administer to Mr. Edward. What component of Mr. Edward's peripheral nutrition infusion will provide the greatest number of kcalories in the smallest volume of fluid?​

A) ​250 mL of a 30% lipid emulsion
B) ​250 mL of a 10% dextrose solution
C) ​250 mL of a 10% amino acid solution
D) ​250 mL of a 10% lipid emulsion
E) ​250 mL of a 20% lipid emulsion

Question 54

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
Mr. Avery is receiving continuous enteral tube feedings and has an order for oral phenytoin. Which method is most appropriate for administering the medication? ​

A) ​Stop the formula infusion for an hour before and after administering the drug
B) ​Crush the drug and administer it with the enteral formula
C) ​Administer the medication through the tube and flush with 100 mL of water afterward
D) ​Have Mr. Avery take the medication by mouth
E) ​Crush the medication and dissolve it in water to administer through the feeding tube

Question 55

Lifelong adherence to dietary restrictions is recommended for individuals with PKU in order to protect their _____. ​

A) ​lung function
B) ​cognitive function
C) ​muscular function
D) ​kidney function
E) ​cardiac function

Question 56

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
Mr. Edward's blood glucose level rises to 350 mg/dL. What response from the health care team is most appropriate?​

A) ​Nothing; this is acceptable for a patient receiving TPN.
B) ​Taper off his lipid infusion.
C) ​Stop his TPN infusion entirely.
D) ​Infuse insulin with his TPN.
E) ​Change the dextrose concentration from 5% to 10%.

Question 57

What action would most likely prevent refeeding syndrome in a malnourished patient? ​

A) ​Avoid adding dextrose to the TPN infusion.
B) ​Do not allow the patient to eat.
C) ​Provide extra vitamin supplements.
D) ​Include stomach acid-reducing medications in the TPN solution.
E) ​Start the patient's feedings at a slow rate.

Question 58

​Long-term TPN administration may result in complications such as _____.

A) ​gallbladder disease
B) ​heart disease
C) ​diabetes
D) ​bone cancer
E) ​hearing loss

Question 59

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
After two weeks, Mr. Avery is moved to a rehab facility. It would be appropriate at this time to change his feeding method to _____. ​

A) ​total parenteral nutrition
B) ​an intermittent feeding
C) ​an oral supplement
D) ​peripheral parenteral nutrition
E) ​a clear liquid diet

Question 60

Infants diagnosed with galactosemia are given formulas that do not contain _____.​

A) ​iron
B) ​lactose
C) ​tyrosine
D) ​soy
E) ​dextrose

Question 61

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
​enteral nutrition

Question 62

Which person would be the most appropriate candidate when considering home nutrition support?​

A) ​A patient with a severe swallowing disorder
B) ​A person with delayed cognitive functioning
C) ​A patient who requires a mechanical ventilator
D) ​A person with a severe head injury
E) ​A patient who has hearing loss

Question 63

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
blenderized formulas​

Question 64

When administering an enteral feeding to a patient, the nurse understands that a hydrolyzed enteral formula contains _____.​

A) ​only one nutrient source
B) lactose​
C) ​partially or fully broken down nutrients
D) ​intact proteins
E) ​a combination of dextrose and sucrose

Question 65

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
refeeding syndrome​

Question 66

The nurse is working with a patient who requires a tube feeding but who would like to return to work and resume other activities. What is the best way to feed this patient?​

A) ​Using a nasojejunal tube
B) ​Providing continuous feedings
C) ​Using a nasogastric tube
D) ​Providing bolus feedings
E) ​Changing from tube feedings to parenteral feedings

Question 67

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
piggyback

Question 68

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
​modular formulas

Question 69

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
2-in-1 solution

Question 70

The nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit understands that the preferred feeding tube placement for an infant is orogastric because _____.​

A) ​it allows the infant to learn the suck-swallow reflex
B) ​it provides the infant with a more direct route for feeding
C) ​it allows the infant to breathe more normally during feeding
D) ​it decreases the chance of overfeeding the infant
E) ​it prevents the infant from losing weight

Question 71

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
hypertonic formula​

Question 72

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
continuous parenteral nutrition

Question 73

​Infusing medications along with an enteral formula increases the osmolality of the tube feeding and may cause a patient to experience _____.

A) ​diarrhea
B) ​hyperglycemia
C) ​high blood pressure
D) ​constipation
E) ​hyperlipidemia

Question 74

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
cyclic feedings​

Question 75

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
​nutrition support

Question 76

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
elemental formulas​

Question 77

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
standard formulas​

Question 78

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
gastric decompression​

Question 79

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
intractable​

Question 80

Matching​
a. ​drawing in by suction or inhalation
b. ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying
c. ​not easily managed or controlled
d. ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed
e. ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
f. ​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
g. ​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
h. ​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
i. ​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
j. ​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
k. ​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
l. ​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
m. ​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
n. ​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
o. ​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
p. ​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
q. ​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
r. ​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
s. ​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
t. ​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids
aspiration​