Deck 19: Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Question 1

Dietary sodium restriction is a significant part of the treatment for ascites.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Nutritional support for hepatitis includes counseling patients to avoid _____.​

A) ​fried foods
B) ​high-protein foods
C) ​excessive intakes of sodium
D) ​alcohol
E) ​excess sun exposure

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All patients with cirrhosis should be placed on fat-restricted diets to reduce further liver damage.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A patient with cirrhosis may present with no symptoms.​

Question 5

Rapid weight loss aids in the recovery from liver disease.​

Question 6

Hepatitis is most often treated with _____. ​

A) ​antiviral medication
B) ​rest and a supportive diet
C) ​elimination of dietary vitamin K
D) ​surgical resection of the liver
E) ​supplemental injections of gylcogen

Question 7

The blood vessels that carry nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver are called collaterals.​

Question 8

Eating well and taking supplements of protein, vitamins, and minerals protect the body from harmful effects of alcohol.​

Question 9

​People with malnutrition may experience fatty liver.

Question 10

Protein and energy requirements are increased after transplantation due to the stress of surgery.​

Question 11

Hepatomegaly refers to a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid.

Question 12

High-fat foods may be restricted in patients with cirrhosis who are experiencing steatorrhea.​

Question 13

​ In many individuals, fatty liver may be associated with steatohepatitis and _____.

A) ​decreased liver enzymes
B) ​hypoglycemia
C) ​hepatomegaly
D) ​hepatitis A infection
E) ​autoimmune disease

Question 14

The most common cause of infection with acute hepatitis A virus is _____.​

A) ​exposure to infected blood
B) ​jaundice
C) ​fecal-oral contamination
D) ​sexual contact​
E) ​shared needles with drug abuse

Question 15

Many patients with cirrhosis require medication or insulin to control hyperglycemia.​

Question 16

Because alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of developing some types of chronic disease, medical personnel should recommend that non-drinkers begin drinking alcohol occasionally to reduce their health risks.​

Question 17

Diuretics are often prescribed to control ascites.​

Question 18

A primary cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver is _____. ​

A) ​increased levels of VLDLs
B) ​exposure to toxins
C) ​drug abuse
D) ​insulin resistance
E) ​pancreatitis

Question 19

Evaluating nutrition status in liver transplant candidates is relatively easy because liver dysfunction and malnutrition often have similar metabolic effects.​

Question 20

The chief causes of hepatic encephalopathy in the United States are alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C infection.​

Question 21

If a patient with ascites does not respond to sodium restriction and diuretic therapy, excess fluid may be removed from the abdomen by _____.​

A) ​a portosystemic shunt
B) ​immunosuppressant therapy
C) ​collateral vessels
D) ​insulin replacement
E) ​paracentesis

Question 22

What food would most likely be suggested for a patient who is experiencing wasting and steatorrhea?​

A) ​Fruit canned in heavy syrup
B) ​Low-fat milk and cheese
C) ​Starchy vegetables, such as corn or potatoes
D) ​Lean cuts of beef
E) ​Steamed or fresh vegetables

Question 23

​Patients with cirrhosis require _____ in order to prevent wasting.

A) ​extra fluid
B) ​elevated dietary protein
C) ​high-fat diets
D) ​increased iron intake
E) ​extra kcalories

Question 24

The drug _____ is an alternative treatment for elevated ammonia associated with cirrhosis that works by altering bacterial populations.​

A) ​rifaximin
B) ​megestrol acetate
C) ​furosemide
D) ​dronabinol
E) ​lactulose

Question 25

When blood flow is impeded in a cirrhotic liver, it causes _____. ​

A) ​insulin resistance
B) ​elevated cholesterol levels
C) ​jaundice
D) ​fatty liver
E) ​portal hypertension

Question 26

Furosemide is what type of drug that may be used to treat the symptoms of cirrhosis?​

A) ​appetite stimulant
B) ​diuretic
C) ​laxative
D) ​antiviral
E) ​immunosuppressant

Question 27

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
​
If Mr. Jamison develops advanced cirrhosis, what potential complication may he develop?​

A) ​Aortic aneurysm
B) ​Anemia
C) ​Atrial fibrillation
D) ​Kidney cancer
E) ​Type 2 diabetes

Question 28

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming _____. ​

A) ​eggs
B) ​soy sauce
C) ​soft drinks
D) ​dairy foods
E) ​salt substitutes

Question 29

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
​
To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.​

A) ​megestrol acetate
B) ​spironolactone
C) ​rifaximin
D) ​propranolol
E) ​lamivudine

Question 30

Ascites is exacerbated by _____. ​

A) ​low plasma albumin levels
B) ​abdominal pressure
C) ​hyperglycemia
D) ​amino acid imbalances
E) ​decreased neurotransmitter levels

Question 31

What signs or symptoms best describe ascites?​

A) ​Yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes
B) ​Fluid accumulation in the abdomen
C) ​Inflammation of the liver
D) ​Elevated blood ammonia levels
E) ​Increased amounts of fat in the stool

Question 32

What best describes a clinical effect of liver cirrhosis?​

A) ​hand tremor
B) ​urinary incontinence
C) ​stiff neck
D) ​intestinal lesions
E) ​heart palpitations

Question 33

The most common conditions that precede liver transplantation are chronic hepatitis C infection and _____. ​

A) ​chronic hepatitis B infection
B) ​hyperlipidemia
C) ​exposure the environmental toxins
D) ​malnutrition
E) ​alcoholic liver disease

Question 34

Due to the stress of surgery, liver transplant patients require extra _____ in their postoperative diets.​

A) ​fat
B) ​protein
C) ​vitamin C
D) ​glucose
E) ​calcium

Question 35

Patients with ascites generally must restrict their intake of _____.​

A) ​fat
B) ​carbohydrates
C) ​sodium
D) ​iron
E) ​potassium

Question 36

In patients with fat malabsorption, fat intake may be restricted to less than _____ percent of total kcalories or as necessary to control steatorrhea.​

A) ​5
B) ​15
C) ​25
D) ​30
E) ​45

Question 37

In liver disease, blood ammonia levels rise because the liver cannot convert the ammonia to _____. ​

A) ​nitrogen
B) ​amino acids
C) ​urea
D) ​sodium
E) ​ammonia

Question 38

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
​
What laboratory test would most likely be elevated in Mr. Jamison?​

A) ​Albumin
B) ​Transferrin
C) ​Ammonia
D) ​HDL
E) ​CRP

Question 39

An important consideration in the diet of a patient with esophageal varices is to provide a _____.​

A) ​soft diet
B) ​clear liquid diet
C) ​low-protein diet
D) ​high-fat diet​
E) ​high kcalorie, high-protein diet

Question 40

A client with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.​

A) ​fatigue
B) ​hepatic regression
C) ​hepatitis
D) ​malnutrition
E) ​hepatic encephalopathy

Question 41

Initial symptoms of cirrhosis are usually nonspecific and may include fatigue, malaise, and _____.​

A) ​confusion
B) ​esophageal varices
C) ​jaundice
D) ​ascites
E) ​weight loss

Question 42

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
Brian asks if he can take acetaminophen to relieve his muscle aches. The doctor replies _____.​

A) ​"Yes, but you should double the dose if you drink alcohol that day"
B) ​"No; you should take a sedative"
C) ​"Yes; that drug doesn't interact with alcohol"
D) ​"Yes, if you abstain from drinking alcohol that day"
E) ​"No; the acetaminophen will worsen gastritis if you drink alcohol"

Question 43

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. The nurse realizes that she is at risk for malnutrition and encourages Mrs. Juarez to _____.​

A) ​eat four to six times per day
B) ​increase her intake of carbohydrates
C) ​consume a liquid nutrition supplement with each meal
D) ​drink more fruit juice
E) ​include 3500 mg of sodium in her diet

Question 44

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
Most alcohol metabolism takes place in the _____.​

A) ​stomach
B) ​duodenum
C) ​jejunum
D) ​ileum
E) ​liver

Question 45

One alcoholic drink that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol is equivalent to _____ ounces of beer.​

A) ​4
B) ​6
C) ​10
D) ​12
E) ​16

Question 46

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
Many nutrients are adversely affected by heavy drinking. The doctor cautions Brian to take a multivitamin-mineral supplement and to be aware that heavy drinking can reduce absorption of _____. ​

A) ​calcium
B) ​vitamin C
C) ​vitamin E
D) ​magnesium
E) ​thiamin

Question 47

Mr. Rahman is an alcoholic patient with cirrhosis. He is malnourished and is experiencing protein catabolism. What action is most important to minimize the loss of lean body mass?​

A) ​decrease sodium intake
B) ​take in adequate kcalories and increase protein intake
C) ​increase fat intake
D) ​decrease carbohydrate intake

Question 48

The beneficial effects of moderate alcohol intake are mainly seen in _____. ​

A) ​women who have type 2 diabetes
B) ​people with risk factors for liver disease
C) ​older people with risk factors for heart disease
D) ​men who work in the petrochemical industry
E) ​people who are overweight

Question 49

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that a healthy limit of alcohol intake for Brian would be _____. ​

A) ​no alcohol intake
B) ​no more than one drink per day
C) ​no more than two drinks per day
D) ​no more than three drinks per day
E) ​no more than four drinks per day

Question 50

Kim is a 27-year-old well-nourished female who has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which nutrition intervention is most appropriate for Kim?​

A) ​high-kcalorie, high-protein diet
B) ​high-protein, low-fat diet
C) ​low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet
D) ​low-fat, high-fiber diet
E) ​no dietary change is needed

Question 51

The nurse notes that a patient with liver disease has had nausea and vomiting. This is most likely a side effect of _____.​

A) furosemide​
B) ​interferon alfa
C) ​lactulose
D) ​spironolactone
E) ​hydrochlorothiazide

Question 52

A patient with liver disease is having laboratory testing. The nurse understands that the normal range of albumin would be _____.​

A) ​0.3-1.2 g/dL
B) ​ 3.4-4.8 g/dL
C) ​11-15 g/dL
D) 10-30 g/dL​
E) ​15-45 g/dL

Question 53

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
​
Due to the risk of foodborne illness, what food should Mr. Jamison avoid?​

A) ​Steak
B) ​Cooked fruit
C) ​Unpasteurized milk
D) ​Canned vegetables
E) ​Scrambled eggs

Question 54

The nurse is working with a patient who has liver cirrhosis and who is malnourished. What describes the most appropriate type of nutrition support for this client?​

A) ​A regular, balanced diet
B) ​Frequent, small meals
C) ​Enteral formula supplements
D) ​High-kcalorie, high-protein diet
E) ​Oral supplements of fluid and electrolyte replacements

Question 55

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
​
The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs based on an appropriate weight for his height and estimates that he requires _____ grams of protein per day.​

A) ​25-51
B) ​52-62
C) ​56-83
D) ​98-108
E) ​112-118

Question 56

The most common complication of alcohol abuse is _____. ​

A) ​chronic pancreatitis
B) ​liver disease
C) ​chronic renal failure
D) ​cardiac arrhythmias
E) ​type 2 diabetes

Question 57

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
Although Brian has not gained weight recently, he remains slightly overweight. How many kcalories per gram does alcohol provide as a source of energy? ​

A) ​4
B) ​6
C) ​7
D) ​8
E) ​10

Question 58

A patient is admitted to the hospital with decreased albumin, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevated bilirubin. The nurse recognizes these clinical findings as evidence of _____. ​

A) ​portal hypertension
B) ​liver disease
C) ​esophageal varices
D) ​hepatic coma
E) ​hepatic encephalopathy

Question 59

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse.
​
Because of his heavy drinking, Brian is at highest risk of what condition?​

A) ​bone marrow suppression
B) ​goiter
C) ​hypoglycemia
D) ​galactosemia
E) ​hypotension

Question 60

The nurse understands that _____ may not be a good indicator of nutritional status in patients with ascites.​

A) ​height
B) ​weight
C) ​blood cholesterol
D) ​appetite
E) ​waist circumference

Question 61

Following a liver transplant, immunosuppressive drugs are given to reduce the immune responses that cause rejection. The nurse recognizes that these drugs can affect nutrition status because of their effects on _____. ​

A) ​kidney function
B) ​pancreatic function
C) ​the gastrointestinal tract
D) ​the absorption of nutrients
E) ​the regulation of insulin

Question 62

The hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery together supply approximately _____ mL of blood each minute to the extensive network of vessels in the liver.​

A) ​200
B) ​500
C) ​800
D) ​1500
E) ​2200

Question 63

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
pruritus

Question 64

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​hyponatremia

Question 65

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
hepatic portal vein

Question 66

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
cirrhosis

Question 67

A nurse is working with a patient whom she suspects is suffering from hepatic encephalopathy. What sign or symptom most likely indicates early stages of the disease?​

A) ​Depression
B) ​Pronounced tremor
C) ​Disorientation
D) ​Abnormal reflexes
E) ​Muscular rigidity

Question 68

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
hepatomegaly​

Question 69

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​paracentesis

Question 70

The immediate concerns that the nurse must recognize when caring for a patient who has had a liver transplant are organ rejection and _____.​

A) ​hypertension
B) ​disorientation
C) ​jaundice
D) ​infection
E) ​hemorrhage

Question 71

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​varices

Question 72

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​fatty liver

Question 73

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​ insulin resistance

Question 74

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Question 75

A nurse is caring for a patient who is recovering from a liver transplant. Because the patient is at higher risk of foodborne illness, the nurse should educate the patient by giving him which information?​

A) ​Avoid eating one hour before bedtime.
B) ​Wash fresh produce before eating.
C) ​Increase intake of high kcalorie foods.
D) ​Eat six small meals per day.
E) ​Drink fluids between meals.

Question 76

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
jaundice​

Question 77

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
hepatitis​

Question 78

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​sinusoids

Question 79

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​hepatic coma

Question 80

Matching
a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue
b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue
c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body
d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease
e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid
f. enlargement of the liver
g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems
i. inflammation of the liver
j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent
k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption
l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue
m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells
p. abnormally dilated blood vessels
q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol
r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
s. itchy skin
t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions
​ ascites