Question 1

The Ebola virus has spread to several countries throughout Africa and Europe. As a member of an education subcommittee for the Global Alliance for Leadership in Nursing Education and Science what should the population health nurse prepare to present during the next scheduled meeting?

A) Approaches to improve standard precautions in underdeveloped countries.
B) Strategies to reduce travel to the countries experiencing outbreaks of the virus.
C) Ways to provide face masks to travelers in the countries experiencing outbreaks.
D) Documentation supporting the number of new cases identified over the last week.

Accepted Answer

1. The Global Alliance for Leadership in Nursing Education and Science (GANES). GANES is an organization established to support health care policy makers and nurse educators throughout the world. GANES activities include promoting sharing among nurse educators around the world, providing information and advice to global policy makers related to nursing education issues, and supporting development of a sound evidence base for nursing practice and education. The one action that the nurse should take in preparation for the meeting would be to provide approaches to improve standard precautions in underdeveloped countries. This would support the educational purpose of GANES. Strategies to reduce travel would not be a nursing activity. Identifying ways to provide face masks to travelers could be an operationalization of an approach to reduce the spread of the infection. Documenting the number of new cases identified does not support the purpose of GANES.

Question 2

One of the feared outcomes of NAFTA was job loss within the United States to the other non-United States partners in NAFTA. The argument against this outcome cited the following advantages:&#10;A) Promotion of economic growth through job creation in the other countries, thus improving health.&#10;B) Decreasing the spread of communicable diseases due to improved technology.&#10;C) Developing global health standards.&#10;D) Improving environmental outcomes.&#10;

Accepted Answer

1. Concerns about United States involvement in NAFTA was related to job loss in the United States. Arguments rebutting this cited that NAFTA would increase economic opportunities for other NAFTA partners, thus increasing employment and income, which in turn would create better financial prosperity and improved health outcomes. Global health standards are not a function of the NAFTA globalization and environmental outcomes have not been addressed. Communicable disease spread was not an outcome addressed with NAFTA participation.

Question 3

A national health budget is developed to provide preventive health services to all segments of the population. The majority of the population lives in outlying rural areas. A dilemma for this health service is:

A) Reaching hard-to-serve populations.
B) Reconciling individual practice patterns with national standards and systems.
C) Balancing the need for regional and national coordination of health services.
D) Integration of primary care with hospital and specialty services.

Reaching hard-to-serve populations.

Accepted Answer

1. A rural population will traditionally be harder to reach than an urban population; therefore, this population's access to preventive services will become an additional concern. Reconciling individual practice patterns to national standards is not addressed, nor is there any indication that coordination is necessary at this time. Primary care integration with hospital and specialty services is not addressed with preventive services.

Question 4

The population health nurse is considering how best to educate the community about potential threats to health from terrorism. What is the best way to accomplish this? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Raise community awareness about increased immigrants to the population.&#10;B) Hold public forums to educate the community about coping with psychological effects.&#10;C) Hold public forums to educate the community about taping windows in the event of a chemical attack.&#10;D) Raise community awareness about the signs and symptoms of potential biologic agents.&#10;E) Conduct training sessions to review preventive measures in the event of a biologic attack.&#10;

Accepted Answer

2. Holding public forums to educate the community about coping with psychological effects from terrorist threats, raising community awareness about signs and symptoms of potential biologic agents, and conducting training sessions to review preventive measures in the event of a biologic attack provides information for the community to act if a terrorist attack occurs. Raising community awareness about immigrants in the community is stereotyping. Taping windows is not necessarily the most effective method of protection in a chemical attack.
4. Holding public forums to educate the community about coping with psychological effects from terrorist threats, raising community awareness about signs and symptoms of potential biologic agents, and conducting training sessions to review preventive measures in the event of a biologic attack provides information for the community to act if a terrorist attack occurs. Raising community awareness about immigrants in the community is stereotyping. Taping windows is not necessarily the most effective method of protection in a chemical attack.
5. Holding public forums to educate the community about coping with psychological effects from terrorist threats, raising community awareness about signs and symptoms of potential biologic agents, and conducting training sessions to review preventive measures in the event of a biologic attack provides information for the community to act if a terrorist attack occurs. Raising community awareness about immigrants in the community is stereotyping. Taping windows is not necessarily the most effective method of protection in a chemical attack.

Question 5

A global health policy agenda should include which essential element?&#10;A) Primary health care for all.&#10;B) Eliminating all debt for developing countries.&#10;C) Creating a centralized agency for health policy with all nations.&#10;D) Supporting participation by the disadvantaged in health policy development.&#10;

Accepted Answer

4. A global health policy agenda should include support for participation in health policy development by the disadvantaged, who would benefit the most from having input in this process. Developing primary health care and eliminating debt are not elements of a global health policy agenda but strategies to improve health. Creating a centralized agency for health policy could be considered a strategy.

Question 6

As part of the NAFTA trade agreement, sister cities in Mexico and the United States have had cultural exchanges to learn and share health practices and treatments. This could best be described as an effort of:

A) Global health concerns.
B) International health.
C) Bilateral assistance.
D) Border protection.

Accepted Answer

2. International health involves health matters that affect two or more countries. Cultural exchanges to learn and share health practices between the United States and Mexican practitioners is an example of international health cooperation. Global health addresses multinational efforts. Cultural exchanges are not bilateral assistance but mutual learning experiences. Border protection involves actions taken to protect a national border from something occurring in another nation.

Question 7

The population health nurse is comparing global health with international health for a group of community members. What should the nurse use as an example of global health?&#10;A) Peace Corps volunteers working in a Third World country helping to improve water quality in local villages.&#10;B) Rotary volunteers working in Nigeria to immunize children against polio.&#10;C) Doctors without Borders providing health care to war-torn areas in Indonesia.&#10;D) The World Bank providing funding grants to Middle Eastern countries to improve their health infrastructure.&#10;

Accepted Answer

4. The World Bank is a multilateral agency that provides funding and technical assistance to countries. Improving a region's health infrastructure in individual countries is an example of global health where multinational efforts address health problems that cross national borders. Peace Corps volunteers working in a Third World country are helping a specific country, as are the Rotary volunteers and Doctors without Borders. These are international health efforts.

Question 8

A nurse in the maternity ward of a U.S. hospital has been asked to participate in a humanitarian mission to Haiti. What should the nurse do to support global health objectives in preparation for this mission?

A) Study the culture of Haiti.
B) Pack clothing appropriate for the climate of Haiti.
C) Contact the WHO office of Nursing and Midwifery.
D) Learn some common words and phrase that are used in Haiti.

Accepted Answer

3. WHO recognizes the importance of nursing (and midwifery) services to the accomplishment of global health objectives and so maintains a Nursing and Midwifery Office to assist with nursing development throughout the world. This office can provide the nurse with information about the management of nursing and midwifery personnel and nursing and midwifery education. Studying the culture, packing clothing, and learning the language will not necessarily help the nurse support the global health objectives for this humanitarian mission.

Question 9

The population nurse is reviewing the purpose of multilateral health agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). What should the nurse identify as this organization's major purpose?&#10;A) Direct and coordinate global health efforts and work with countries to strengthen their health programs.&#10;B) Work on set programs with selected countries to improve health efforts.&#10;C) Improve health outcomes in Third World countries.&#10;D) Coordinate health programs and efforts with other United Nations Assembly members.&#10;

Accepted Answer

1. As a multilateral agency, WHO works with many countries in health-related activities. WHO is the primary agency affiliated with the UN that deals with global health issues. It does not restrict its activities to setting programs. While many of its efforts are directed to Third World countries, its focus is health for all people worldwide.

Question 10

While attending a meeting which focused on global health initiatives the status of the millennial development goal to ensure environmental stability was reviewed. What information indicates that action is being taken to address this goal? (Select all that apply.)

A) Carbon dioxide emissions have reduced by 10% over the last quarter.
B) The number of deaths of school age children has decreased 1% worldwide.
C) Enrollment in public school systems in South Africa have increased by 15%.
D) Water purification programs have been implemented in 15 cities in West Africa.
E) Portable sanitation stations have been installed in small towns along the East African border.

Accepted Answer

1. The targets for the millennial development goal to ensure environmental stability are to integrate principles of sustainable development into national policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources by reducing energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, reduce by 80% the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, and achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers through adequate sanitation and secure housing tenure. Reducing the deaths of school age children addresses the goal of reducing child mortality. Increasing public school enrollment addresses the goal to achieve universal primary education.
4. The targets for the millennial development goal to ensure environmental stability are to integrate principles of sustainable development into national policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources by reducing energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, reduce by 80% the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, and achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers through adequate sanitation and secure housing tenure. Reducing the deaths of school age children addresses the goal of reducing child mortality. Increasing public school enrollment addresses the goal to achieve universal primary education.
5. The targets for the millennial development goal to ensure environmental stability are to integrate principles of sustainable development into national policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources by reducing energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, reduce by 80% the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, and achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers through adequate sanitation and secure housing tenure. Reducing the deaths of school age children addresses the goal of reducing child mortality. Increasing public school enrollment addresses the goal to achieve universal primary education.

Question 11

One of the positive aspects of exporting U.S. technology globally has been to help improve the quality of health care through health innovations and information. A negative effect of introducing U.S. technology globally has:

A) Created inequities for health innovations.
B) Increased the spread of communicable diseases.
C) Marketed unhealthful products such as tobacco and fast foods to a new population.
D) Promoted economic growth and created job inequities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the positive aspects of exporting...

Question 12

The population health nurse has been appointed to a committee to identify actions to achieve the millennial goal of improving maternal health by reducing the maternal mortality ratio by 78%. Which strategy should the nurse recommend to assist in achieving this goal?

A) Explain dietary requirements to ensure a viable fetus.
B) Prepare educational materials about the need for prenatal care from conception.
C) Instruct women of childbearing age on the importance of receiving prenatal care.
D) Establish portable health clinics in underdeveloped countries to provide prenatal care.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population health nurse has been appointed...

Question 13

Identify three elements of a global health policy agenda. (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Sufficient financial aid to improve health and health infrastructure.&#10;B) Coordinate aid to match programs with needs.&#10;C) Create partnerships between government agencies, the private sector, and academia.&#10;D) Represent health interests in other policy-making sectors.&#10;E) Use communication technology to provide information.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify three elements of a global health...

Question 14

The population health nurse has been asked to participate in an educational session about the latest Ebola virus epidemic. Which should the nurse include that demonstrates the dimensions of globalization? (Select all that apply.)

A) Explain how exposure to the virus can occur within hours.
B) Emphasize the importance of maintaining standard precautions.
C) Review the impact of the illness on the victim's livelihood and families.
D) Focus on the importance of addressing the virus as a health problem for all.
E) Highlight the ease in which it is to visit the countries in which the virus is present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population health nurse has been asked...

Question 15

The Gates Foundation is funding the development of a viable AIDS vaccine and the eradication of childhood diseases through immunization. Though based in the United States, this foundation is considered a:

A) Bilateral agency.
B) Sector-wide approach to health.
C) Unilateral agency.
D) Non-governmental organization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Gates Foundation is funding the development...

Deck 8: Global Influences on Population Health