Question 1

Fungal lung infections are usually spread by:&#10;A) inhaling spores.&#10;B)blood.&#10;C)contact with infected sputum.&#10;D)inhaling infected droplets.

Accepted Answer

Fungal lung infections are commonly caused by inhaling spores.

Question 2

A patient has an Aspergillus niger infection. What should be used to treat it?&#10;A) Fluconazole (Diflucan)&#10;B)Ribavirin (Virazole)&#10;C)Metronidazole (Flagyl)&#10;D)Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Accepted Answer

An A. niger infection is best treated with fluconazole (Diflucan). The other listed options are used against other fungi, viruses, or bacteria.

Question 3

Fungal infection of the lungs is closest in similarity to:&#10;A) pleural disease.&#10;B)interstitial lung disease.&#10;C)tuberculosis.&#10;D)bronchiectasis.

Accepted Answer

Because of the fibrosis and scarring that can occur with a fungal lung infection, it resembles tuberculosis more closely than the other listed options.

Question 4

Which type of fungal lung infection frequently results in productive cough with purulent sputum?&#10;A) Staphylococcal infection&#10;B)Blastomycosis&#10;C)Klebsiella infection&#10;D)Histoplasmosis

Accepted Answer

Blastomycosis frequently results in productive cough with purulent sputum. Staphylococcal and Klebsiella infections are bacterial infections, not fungal. Histoplasmosis can cause a cough with sputum, but it may not always be purulent.

Question 5

In the midwestern part of the United States, what is the most common fungal infection of the lungs?&#10;A) Cryptococcosis&#10;B)Histoplasmosis&#10;C)Blastomycosis&#10;D)Coccidioidomycosis

Accepted Answer

Histoplasmosis is the most common fungal infection of the lungs in the midwestern part of the United States. It is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which is found in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings.

Question 6

Anatomic alterations found in the lungs of patients with a fungal infection include:
1) fibrosis of lung parenchyma.
2) alveolar-capillary destruction.
3) hyperinflation.
4) mucosal edema.

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 4

Accepted Answer

Fungal infections in the lungs can cause fibrosis of the lung parenchyma and alveolar-capillary destruction. Hyperinflation and mucosal edema are not commonly associated with fungal infections in the lungs.

Question 7

The drug of choice for the treatment of fungal lung diseases is:&#10;A) penicillin (Penicillin G).&#10;B)tetracycline.&#10;C)amphotericin B (Fungizone).&#10;D)ketoconazole (Nizoral).

Accepted Answer

The drug of choice for the treatment of fungal lung diseases is amphotericin B (Fungizone). This drug can be used for serious fungal infections in the lungs, such as aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and blastomycosis. It works by targeting the fungal cell membrane and disrupting its function. While other drugs like ketoconazole may also be effective, amphotericin B is considered the first-line treatment for these types of infections. Penicillin and tetracycline are antibiotics and do not have activity against fungi.

Question 8

Your patient with an advanced pulmonary fungal infection has cor pulmonale. How will this manifest itself?&#10;A) Distended neck veins&#10;B)Poor skin turgor&#10;C)Wheezy breath sounds&#10;D)Asymmetrical chest movement when breathing

Accepted Answer

Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure caused by lung disease, which results in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. This increases the workload on the right ventricle, causing it to hypertrophy and ultimately fail. One of the classic signs of cor pulmonale is distended neck veins, which indicates increased right atrial pressure. Poor skin turgor, wheezy breath sounds, or asymmetrical chest movement are not classic signs of cor pulmonale.

Question 9

After cleaning out his chicken coop, a farmer has developed a fungal lung infection. What type of infection is it most likely to be?&#10;A) Coccidioidomycosis&#10;B)Blastomycosis&#10;C)Histoplasmosis&#10;D)Cryptococcal infection

Accepted Answer

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which is commonly found in the environment, especially in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings. Cleaning out a chicken coop is a risk factor for exposure to this fungus, making histoplasmosis the most likely option. Coccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis, and Cryptococcal infections are also fungal lung infections, but they are not typically associated with exposure to bird droppings.

Question 10

A skin test is available to confirm which of the following fungal infections?&#10;A) Coccidioidomycosis&#10;B)Blastomycosis&#10;C)Tuberculosis&#10;D)Pseudomonal infection

Accepted Answer

A skin test called a histoplasmin skin test can confirm the presence of coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis infections. Tuberculosis and Pseudomonal infection are bacterial infections and cannot be confirmed with a fungal skin test.

Question 11

During the advanced stages of a fungal lung infection, which of the following is commonly seen on the chest radiograph?&#10;A) Hyperinflation&#10;B)Spherical nodules&#10;C)Right shift of the heart&#10;D)Cavities

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the advanced stages of a fungal...

Question 12

All of the following are identified as opportunistic yeast pathogens EXCEPT:&#10;A) Candida albicans.&#10;B)Cryptococcus neoformans.&#10;C)Aspergillus.&#10;D)Mycoplasma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are identified as...

Question 13

Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with advanced fungal pneumonia will display all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) increased ERV.&#10;B)decreased IRV.&#10;C)decreased IC.&#10;D)decreased TLC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pulmonary function testing results on a patient...

Question 14

Your patient lives in Chicago and has HIV and a weakened immune system. What fungal infection is the patient at risk of developing?&#10;A) Mycoplasma infection&#10;B)Blastomycosis&#10;C)Streptococcal infection&#10;D)Disseminated histoplasmosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient lives in Chicago and has...

Question 15

What parts of the lungs are most commonly affected by a fungal infection?&#10;A) Mainstem bronchi&#10;B)Lingula&#10;C)Lower lobes&#10;D)Upper lobes

Accepted Answer

The answer of What parts of the lungs are most...

Deck 18: Fungal Diseases of the Lung