Deck 37: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 1

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

A) Use of inhaled parasympatholytic agents
B)Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C)High Apgar scores
D)Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Answer 1

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 2

Which of the following are commonly found during the physical examination of a neonate with BPD?
1) Expiratory grunting
2) Wheezes
3) Flaring nostrils
4) Crackles

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 2

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 3

All of the following methods or goals with mechanical ventilation have been used to help prevent the development of BPD, EXCEPT:

A) keep the PaCO₂ above 55 mm Hg.
B)low tidal volumes.
C)prevent the infant from triggering the ventilator.
D)high ventilator respiratory rate.

Answer 3

prevent the infant from triggering the ventilator.

Question 4

If a patient has an advanced stage of BPD, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

A) Pneumomediastinum
B)Cardiac tamponade
C)Change in point of maximum impulse
D)Cor pulmonale

Question 5

If your mechanically ventilated patient develops stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and adjacent tissues, what can happen?

A) Fluid leakage into alveolar spaces
B)Mucosal edema
C)Pulmonary embolism
D)Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Question 6

What essential nutrient maintains the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

A) Vitamin A
B)Vitamin C
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins

Question 7

What can be given to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of BPD?

A) Vitamin D
B)Exogenous surfactant
C)Ribavirin (Virazole)
D)Corticosteroids

Question 8

A patient with Stage 1 BPD would have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

A) Ground-glass granular pattern
B)Emphysematous bullae
C)Honeycomb appearance
D)Mediastinal shift

Question 9

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a mild case of the condition?
1) Breathing room air upon discharge
2) Needed nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
3) Needs < 30% oxygen upon discharge
4) Needed supplemental oxygen for 30 days

A)2, 3
B)1, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2 ,4

Question 10

Your patient is beginning to develop BPD. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

A) Furosemide (Lasix)
B)Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)
C)Inhaled albuterol
D)> 50% oxygen

Question 11

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

A) Vitamin supplements
B)Over-feeding
C)Use of inhaled albuterol
D)Bacterial sepsis

Question 12

Your patient requires mechanical ventilation. All of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of BPD, EXCEPT:

A) high peak inspiratory pressure.
B)lung overdistention.
C)low oxygen percentage.
D)high mean airway pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a severe case of the condition?
1) Needs > 30% oxygen upon discharge
2) Needs nasal CPAP at discharge
3) Breathing room air upon discharge
4) Needed supplemental oxygen for 35 days

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)1, 2, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 14

A very preterm infant has just been born. What would contribute to its development of the "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?

A) Interruption of the canalicular stage of lung development
B)Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C)Low Apgar scores
D)Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 15

It is thought that a neonatal patient has Stage IV BPD with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test findings would confirm this?
1) Normal Vt
2) Increased FRC
3) Decreased VC
4) Increased RV

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4