Deck 3: Politics

Question 1

In the mid-1950s,civil rights organizing shifted away from a ______ organization and toward a focus on _________ groups?

A)religious;secular
B)grassroots;political
C)bureaucratic;community-based
D)loose;hierarchical

Answer 1

A  

Question 2

Well into the mid-twentieth century,white planters gave blacks a small piece of land on which to grow crops and live often in squalid shacks).In return,blacks gave white planters a portion of their crops.This process was called what?

A)sharecropping
B)unionizing
C)indentured servitude
D)grandfather clauses

Answer 2

A  

Question 3

With the weakening of the NAACP,the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus from legal action to which kind of action?

A)subversive action
B)apolitical action
C)religious action
D)direct action

Answer 3

D  

Question 4

Ella Baker referred to the nitty-gritty,tiresome,and unglamorous labor of chipping away at the white power structure day by day and door to door as what?

A)direct action
B)spadework
C)mass protest
D)armed struggle

Question 5

What were the two goals of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's)1964 Freedom Summer?

A)voter registration and quality education
B)gender equality and sexual liberation
C)religious freedom and economic opportunity
D)immigrant rights and fair labor practices

Question 6

The NAACP was banned in several Southern states after refusing to release the contact information of its members.What was the effect of the weakening of the NAACP?

A)The Civil Rights Movement stalled.
B)Activists and leaders decided that electoral politics were the solution to racial inequality.
C)Most blacks who had previously identified as Republicans began to identify as Democrats.
D)The movement grew to include people like sharecroppers,teachers,students,and even children.

Question 7

What was the purpose of "grandfather clauses"?

A)They ensured that all children,white or black,had proper caregivers.When parents weren't available,these clauses granted grandparents legal custody of children.
B)They prevented any black household from having more than two generations living in it at any given time,thereby breaking up black families.
C)They extended the right to vote to those whose relatives were enfranchised before the end of the Civil War,namely whites.
D)They required black public workers to refer to white public workers as "grandfather."

Question 8

What was the famous march in which activists walked along a stretch of land in which no black people were registered to vote?

A)Atlanta-to-New Orleans March
B)St.Louis-to-Kansas City March
C)Tallahassee-to-Miami March
D)Selma-to-Montgomery March

Question 9

The collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation,nonwhite disenfranchisement,and economic exploitation is called what?

A)Black Lives Matter
B)the Civil Rights Movement
C)second-wave feminism
D)abolition

Question 10

What served as the institutional hub of the Civil Rights Movement?

A)the church
B)the town hall
C)the home
D)the library

Question 11

What do Emmett Till,Charlie Lang,Ernest Green,and Henry Bedford all have in common?

A)They all were involved the Democratic Party.
B)They all went to desegregated schools.
C)They all lobbied for the right to vote.
D)They were all victims of white terrorism.

Question 12

What is the significance of the fact that the Women's Political Council had first conceived of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and had been planning it for months?

A)It undermined the efforts of other leaders like Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.
B)In popular historical accounts,the faces of the Civil Rights Movement typically belong to men.
C)The council was the first to politically align black and Latin American women.
D)It popularized the teachings of Malcolm X.

Question 13

What was the name of the policy that prohibited voter discrimination,outlawed literacy tests,and gave the federal government power to oversee voter registration?

A)Civil Rights Act of 1964
B)Voting Rights Act of 1965
C)the Southern Strategy
D)the Moynihan Report

Question 14

Schools in Yazoo City,Mississippi,dedicated $245 per white child for educational expenses and only $3 per black child in the late 1950s,illustrating what?

A)White students were more needy than black students.
B)Separate schools were anything but equal.
C)There were higher expectations among white parents.
D)Both races had equal access to education.

Question 15

By the end of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's)1964 Freedom Summer,many volunteers had been violently attacked,arrested,and even killed,indicating what?

A)Violent tactics were more effective than nonviolent ones.
B)The Civil Rights Movement was over.
C)Mississippi was still a very dangerous place for black Americans in 1964.
D)SNCC's young leaders were not prepared for the harsh realities of political organizing.

Question 16

Which dominant black protest organization,which preceded the modern Civil Rights Movement and was founded in 1909 by black and white intellectuals,primarily battled racial domination in the courts?

A)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCC)
B)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP)
C)Black Panther Party BPP)
D)Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC)

Question 17

What is one thing that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed?

A)antimiscegenation laws in southern states
B)the funding of public schools with local property taxes
C)discrimination on the basis of race in restaurants
D)discrimination on the basis of physical disability in schools

Question 18

What was one of the outcomes of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A)It helped bring about a 1985 Supreme Court ban on busing.
B)It trained hundreds of activists in violent resistance.
C)It organized the black clergy as a political force.
D)It led to the development of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP).

Question 19

What part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC)was Ella Baker critical of?

A)the style of charismatic masculine)leadership
B)the presence of whites
C)the lack of young people
D)the prevalence of powerful business leaders

Question 20

In 1960,what percentage of Mississippi's black adults was registered to vote?

A)less than 2 percent
B)less than 5 percent
C)less than 20 percent
D)less than 40 percent

Question 21

In 2015,thirteen students were arrested at the University of Minnesota when they conducted a sit-in at the president's office in an attempt to protest the lack of diversity in the faculty.These protestors most clearly followed in the tradition of which group?

A)Third World Liberation Front
B)American Indian movement
C)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
D)United Farm Workers

Question 22

President Kennedy coined the phrase "a rising tide lifts all boats" to refer to political preference of universal,rather than race-based,policies as a strategy to eradicate inequality.Which policy most closely reflects that strategy?

A)the Voting Rights Act,which prohibited voter discrimination
B)proposals to ban the growth of the private prison industry
C)attempts by right-wing politicians to build a wall between the United States and Mexico
D)President Obama's advocating universal health care to combat race-based health disparities

Question 23

The majority of whites are registered members of which political party?

A)Green
B)Republican
C)Independent
D)Democrat

Question 24

The American Indian movement attempted to organize against federal "Indian Termination" policies.What was the effect of these policies?

A)When tribes lost federal recognition,they also lost federal aid and land rights.
B)The policies afforded Native Americans extensive federal benefits by lumping them together with other minorities.
C)Federal administrators were allowed to jail Native Americans who politically organized.
D)Ninety percent of tribes were relocated to North and South Dakota.

Question 25

What is the definition of "substantive representation"?

A)the nitty-gritty,tiresome,and unglamorous labor of chipping away at the white power structure day by day and door to door
B)the set of processes by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantage
C)appointing to political positions nonwhites disconnected from the needs and problems of most nonwhite citizens
D)correspondence between the goals of nonwhite representatives and those of nonwhite citizens

Question 26

What is one factor that might complicate the assumption that the percentage of Hispanic voters will grow in direct proportion to their population growth?

A)Latinos typically turn out to vote at higher rates than most other groups.
B)The Latino population is relatively old,and older populations are less likely to vote.
C)Political parties tend to remain stagnant over time.
D)Hispanics may increasingly consider themselves white,which would increase the percentage of white voters

Question 27

According to the figure below,"Electoral Shifts in 2011," which state experienced the most dramatic increase in Republican voting since the 2004 election?

A)Arkansas
B)Texas
C)New York
D)California

Question 28

Contemporary welfare programs tend to focus on changing individual behavior-teaching clients to be more responsible,productive workers-rather than on addressing systemic inequality.In what tradition do such programs follow?

A)Daniel Patrick Moynihan's report,The Negro Family
B)the Southern Strategy
C)nonviolent resistance
D)affirmative action

Question 29

With roughly one in four votes cast by nonwhites,which presidential election was the most racially diverse in U.S.history?

A)2000
B)2004
C)2008
D)2012

Question 30

César Chávez,one of the most important Mexican American activists,led the 1965 Delano grape strike.What was the purpose of this action?

A)eliminating grapes grown in Mexico from the American market
B)gaining better wages for grape workers
C)raising awareness about the dangers of pesticide use
D)gaining technological advances in farming that would reduce the need for migrant labor

Question 31

The 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island,in which protestors demanded the island be released for the explicit development of Indian education,lasted how long?

A)Five days
B)Seven months
C)Nineteen months
D)Four years

Question 32

Which of the following racial-ethnic groups is most likely to vote Republican?

A)Puerto Rican Americans
B)African Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Cuban Americans

Question 33

Why did Democrats begin mirroring Republicans in their approach to racial politics?

A)The demographics of the Democratic Party began to more closely mirror those of the Republican Party.
B)The Republican Party became more tolerant in its own bid to gain voters.
C)Voters elected increasingly wealthy representatives,who were less likely to be racially tolerant.
D)They feared compensatory programs,such as affirmative action,would fracture the Democratic Party.

Question 34

The white voting population grows by _____ percent each year,and the Hispanic voting population grows by ______ percent each year.

A)3 percent;0.5 percent
B)0.5 percent;3 percent
C)5 percent;10 percent
D)10 percent;5 percent

Question 35

President George H.W.Bush's nomination of Clarence Thomas,an African American who served on the U.S.Supreme Court and opposed many policies committed to racial equality,is an example of what?

A)superficial representation
B)substantive representation
C)gerrymandering
D)reverse discrimination

Question 36

Assuming that President Barack Obama would advocate exclusively for the interests of people of color simply because he is a person of color is an example of what?

A)the Southern Strategy
B)the tokenistic fallacy
C)affirmative action
D)reverse discrimination

Question 37

Jarrod is a 48-year-old wealthy,African American CEO.Which political party is he most likely to vote for?

A)Independent
B)Republican
C)Green
D)Democrat

Question 38

What was the name of the multiracial organization founded on the campuses of the University of California-Berkeley and San Francisco State College,which challenged these campuses' Eurocentric curricula?

A)Third World Liberation Front
B)American Indian movement
C)Rainbow Coalition
D)Students United Across Colors

Question 39

When George Wallace,Democratic governor of Alabama,stood in 1963 on the steps of the University of Alabama to block the entrance of two black students to the all-white university,he taught politicians two strategic lessons.The first was that politicians who opposed racial justice could garner great support from white voters.What was the second?

A)Integration will never garner widespread approval.
B)Catering to women voters is key to success.
C)Politicians can support white supremacy as long as they do not do so explicitly.
D)Electoral politics relies on bipartisan cooperation,especially regarding racial policies.

Question 40

Over the entire span of U.S.history,1,895 people have been elected to the Senate.Of these senators,only what percent were nonwhite?

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 41

Hillary Clinton's remarks during the 2008 presidential primaries,in which she stated that "hardworking" "white Americans" were supporting her and not Senator Obama,are an example of which of the following concepts?

A)color-blind politics
B)felon disenfranchisement
C)tokenistic fallacy
D)racial dog whistling

Question 42

Most white Americans consistently have accepted the principle of racial inclusion while rejecting many of the policy measures designed to carry it out.What is this phenomenon called?

A)gerrymandering
B)the principle-implementation gap
C)the threat hypothesis
D)the tokenistic fallacy

Question 43

Who has attempted to secure political advantage through gerrymandering?

A)Republicans
B)Democrats
C)Libertarians
D)all political parties

Question 44

Postville,Iowa,has seen a rapid influx of Latino residents in recent years.The "threat hypothesis" would predict that Postville's white residents may react to this change in which of the following ways?

A)opposing bilingual education
B)promoting self-defense
C)revisiting their own European heritage
D)working with Latino residents to detract additional newcomers

Question 45

What is a result of cases like Shaw v.Reno 1993)and Miller v.Johnson 1995),which outlaw only race-based gerrymandering?

A)The Court provides minority populations with an unfair electoral advantage.
B)The Court equalizes the electoral playing field.
C)The Court fails to recognize white majority districts as white districts,and whiteness is rendered invisible.
D)Minority politicians have a better chance of being elected.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's)1960 sit-ins with the Congress of Racial Equality's 1961 Freedom Rides.Which action do you think was most effective and why?

Question 47

List two reasons that the church served as an institutional hub for the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 48

Explain the Southern Strategy in your own words.Where can we see traces of the Southern Strategy in contemporary politics?

Question 49

The term "gerrymandering," which is the set of processes by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantage,is derived from which two terms?

A)Mandy + gerontology
B)Gerry + salamander
C)Gertrude + mandatory
D)Gerry + pandering

Question 50

What was the Southern Strategy?

Question 51

In his book Dog Whistle Politics,Ian Haney López describes three important "moves" of racial dog whistling.Newt Gingrich's denial that his frequent references to President Obama as the "food stamp president" had any racial basis is an example of which of these three moves?

A)a punch that jabs race into the conversation through thinly veiled references to threatening nonwhites
B)a parry that slaps away charges of racial pandering
C)a whistle that calls out minorities for being overly sensitive
D)a lurch that redirects the conversation away from race

Question 52

Following the death of Rufino Contreras,a twenty-seven-year-old farm worker who was killed for protesting dreadful work conditions of lettuce pickers,Mexican American activist César Chávez said,"Capital and labor together produce the fruit of the land.But what really counts is labor: the human beings who torture their bodies,sacrifice their youth,and numb their spirits to produce this great agricultural wealth-a wealth so vast that it feeds all of America and much of the world.And yet the men,women,and children who are the flesh and blood of this production often do not have enough to feed themselves." Explain this quote in your own words and relate it to the struggle for civil rights.

Question 53

In a National Election Study,90 percent of blacks thought the U.S.government should ensure fair treatment of blacks.What percentage of whites thought the same thing?

A)13
B)25
C)46
D)72

Question 54

Name and describe one characteristic shared by black and Native American civil rights organizers.

Question 55

How many citizens do sociologists estimate have been disenfranchised because they have felony convictions?

A)73,000
B)524,000
C)5.3 million
D)15.7 million

Question 56

Compare and contrast the black Civil Rights Movement with civil rights organizing among Native Americans,Mexican Americans,or Asian Americans.What goals,strategies,and outcomes did they share?

Question 57

Briefly explain one way in which many people of color still face voter discrimination today.

Question 58

Explain Alexis de Tocqueville's concept of the tyranny of the majority.

Question 59

What was the social significance of Emmett Till's murder?