Deck 8: Energy Balance and Body Composition

Question 1

Which energy-yielding nutrient is the most satiating? 

A) Fat 
B) Water 
C) Protein 
D) Carbohydrate 
E) Alcohol

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The thermic effect of food accounts for ________ of the average person's energy expenditure each day.

A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 40% 
E) 50% or more

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is thermogenesis? 

A) A fat metabolizing enzyme 
B) A fat synthesizing hormone 
C) The generation of heat 
D) The generation of water 
E) A release of oxygen, similar to oxygenation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What does a bomb calorimeter measure? 

A) How much energy the body expends during strenuous exercise 
B) How much energy the body expends during daily activities 
C) The potential energy in foods 
D) Basil metabolism 
E) How changes in the environment affect the body's hormone status

Question 5

You have just consumed a very large Thanksgiving meal,but still want a slice of pumpkin pie for dessert.What term best describes this state? 

A) Satiety 
B) Hunger 
C) Appetite 
D) Depression 
E) Bulimia

Question 6

What hormone becomes active in the stomach and causes satiation? 

A) Gastrin 
B) Adipokines 
C) Neuropeptide Y 
D) Cholecystokinin 
E) Pepsin

Question 7

Which of the following is not a metabolic activity? 

A) Inhaling and exhaling air 
B) Making new red blood cells via bone marrow 
C) Chewing food 
D) Filtering wastes through the kidneys 
E) The heart beating 100,000 times each day

Question 8

Over time,the composition of weight gained or lost typically is ________ fat and ________ lean.

A) 10%, 90% 
B) 20%, 80% 
C) 35%, 65% 
D) 50%, 50% 
E) 75%, 25%

Question 9

Satiety determines ________.

A) what kinds of foods are consumed at meals 
B) how much food is consumed during a meal 
C) how much time passes between meals 
D) how long it takes digestion to begin 
E) protein versus carbohydrate intake

Question 10

The brain chemical,neuropeptide Y,causes cravings for ________.

A) fat 
B) salt 
C) protein 
D) carbohydrate 
E) water

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the resting metabolic rate is FALSE? 

A) It measures energy use for a person at rest in a comfortable setting. 
B) It is less stringent than the BMR in regard to physical activity. 
C) It is less stringent than the BMR in regard to recent food intake. 
D) It is easier to determine than the BMR. 
E) It typically is slightly lower than the BMR.

Question 12

Among the following,which has the greatest power to suppress hunger? 

A) Carrots 
B) French fries 
C) Biscuits 
D) Potato chips 
E) Chocolate

Question 13

Imagine an adult who loses 20 pounds of excess body weight through a starvation diet.About how much of this weight loss is lean tissue? 

A) 2 lb 
B) 4 lbs 
C) 5 lbs 
D) 10 lbs 
E) 15 lbs

Question 14

Which part of the brain is the primary center for appetite control? 

A) Cerebellum 
B) Cerebral cortex 
C) Medulla 
D) Hypothalamus 
E) Hippocampus

Question 15

Though it has limitations,a basic rule of energy balance states that 1 pound of fat is stored for each ________ kcalories eaten in excess.

A) 500 
B) 1500 
C) 2500 
D) 3500 
E) 5000

Question 16

Imagine that,over time,an adult gains an extra 20 pounds of body weight.About how much of this weight gain is fat? 

A) 5 lbs 
B) 10 lbs 
C) 12.5 lbs 
D) 15 lbs 
E) 18.5 lbs

Question 17

What is the physiological fuel value? 

A) The scientific measure of kcalories a food provides 
B) The amount of oxygen consumed as energy is released 
C) The feeling of satisfaction during or after a mean 
D) The number of kcalories the body derives from a food 
E) The energy needed to maintain life when the body is at complete rest

Question 18

Imagine that an adult consumes 500 excess kcalories each day for two weeks.About how much weight would that person gain? 

A) 0.5 lb 
B) 2 lbs 
C) 3 lbs 
D) 4 lbs 
E) 8 lbs

Question 19

Which statement accurately describes the energy measurement of foods? 

A) The amount of carbon dioxide consumed gives an indirect measure of energy released. 
B) A bomb calorimeter measures the amount of oxygen released when a food is oxidized. 
C) Bomb calorimetry provides precise amounts of energy a person derives from the foods consumed. 
D) Bomb calorimetry typically overstates the physiological fuel value. 
E) In general, the fuel value of protein foods will exceed their energy value as measured by bomb calorimetry.

Question 20

Quiet metabolic activities account for about ________ of the average person's daily energy expenditures.

A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 40% 
E) 50% or more

Question 21

Which of the following statements accurately describes body mass index? 

A) It correlates with disease risks. 
B) It decreases by 1 unit for every 10 years of life. 
C) It provides an estimate of the fat level of the body. 
D) It provides an estimate of the muscle mass in the body. 
E) Its absolute value is less important than the rate at which it changes.

Question 22

Which of the following would not be considered a valid recommendation for accepting a healthy body weight? 

A) Seek the advice of friends and the fashion industry for criteria regarding appearance and body size. 
B) Use positive, nonjudgmental descriptions of your body. 
C) Accept positive comments from others. 
D) Seek professional counseling to make gains in self-esteem beyond a focus on weight. 
E) Never restrict food intake below the minimum levels that meet nutrient needs.

Question 23

Which of the following represents the BMI of a person classified as overweight? 

A) 15 
B) 18.5 
C) 22 
D) 27 
E) 34

Question 24

Which of the following factors raises the BMR? 

A) Sleep 
B) A growing body 
C) Fasting 
D) Obesity 
E) Aging

Question 25

Of the following,who has the highest metabolic rate? 

A) A woman 
B) An older man 
C) An adolescent girl 
D) A short, thin woman 
E) A sedentary man

Question 26

Body fat content for normal-weight men 20-39 years of age should be ________.

A) 5-10% 
B) 18-21% 
C) 22-30% 
D) 32-40% 
E) 41-47%

Question 27

How is body mass index determined? 

A) Dividing weight by height squared 
B) Multiplying weight by height 
C) Dividing height by weight squared 
D) Multiplying weight by height squared 
E) Dividing weight squared by height

Question 28

Which of the following activities expends the fewest kcalories per pound (or kilogram)per minute? 

A) Vacuuming 
B) Golfing 
C) Studying 
D) Wii boxing 
E) Gardening

Question 29

Imagine that Tom,a 51-year-old man,breaks his foot and is non-ambulatory for 8 weeks.What term describes the increase in Tom's energy expenditures? 

A) Febrile hyperthermia 
B) Physical hyperthermia 
C) Specific thermogenesis 
D) Adaptive thermogenesis 
E) Stress hyperthermia

Question 30

Which of the following factors lowers the BMR? 

A) Aging 
B) Fever 
C) Smoking 
D) Caffeine 
E) Cold temperatures

Question 31

About how many people in the United States have a BMI greater than 25? 

A) ¼ 
B) 1/3 
C) ½ 
D) 2/3 
E) 9/10

Question 32

Which term reflects the proportions of muscle,bone,fat,and other tissue that make up a person's total body weight? 

A) Metabolic syndrome 
B) Body weight distribution 
C) Body mass index 
D) Body composition 
E) Relative energy index

Question 33

Signs of illness,diminished work capacity,and poor reproductive function become apparent when the BMI is below ________.

A) 12 
B) 14 
C) 17 
D) 18.5 
E) 20

Question 34

Which of the following represents the BMI of a person classified as obese? 

A) 15 
B) 18.5 
C) 22 
D) 27 
E) 34

Question 35

In the United States,the smallest percentage of the population falls into which category? 

A) Underweight 
B) Healthy weight 
C) Overweight 
D) Obesity 
E) Extreme obesity

Question 36

Which of the following statements describes the thermic effect of foods (TEF)? 

A) TEF is estimated at 25% of energy intake. 
B) TEF plus an increase in the metabolic rate due to overeating is called diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). 
C) A meal eaten all at once has a lower TEF than one spread out over hours. 
D) TEF is higher for high-fat foods than for high-carbohydrate foods. 
E) TEF must be considered when estimating energy expenditure because its contribution to total energy output is substantial.

Question 37

Which food component has the lowest thermic effect? 

A) Alcohol 
B) Fat 
C) Protein 
D) Carbohydrate 
E) Minerals

Question 38

Running at 9 mph expends .103 kcalories per pound per minute.About how many kcalories will a 120-pound woman expend during a 30-minute run? 

A) 13 
B) 309 
C) 370 
D) 730 
E) 903

Question 39

Which of the following has the most significant influence on the body's metabolic rate? 

A) Age 
B) Environmental temperature 
C) Amount of fat tissue 
D) Amount of lean body tissue 
E) Height

Question 40

Which food component has the highest thermic effect? 

A) Alcohol 
B) Fat 
C) Protein 
D) Carbohydrate 
E) Minerals

Question 41

Fat that accumulates outside of adipose tissue is called ________.

A) visceral fat 
B) subcutaneous fat 
C) waist fat 
D) dual fat 
E) ectopic fat

Question 42

A graph showing the relationship between mortality and body mass index is shaped like the a/n ________.

A) J 
B) S 
C) backslash 
D) inverted U 
E) forward slash

Question 43

Which method to assess body fat weighs a person on land and then again while submerged in water? 

A) Hydrodensitometry 
B) Skinfold measures 
C) Bioelectrical impedance 
D) Air displacement plethysmography 
E) DXA scan

Question 44

What term refers to the combination of risk factors-elevated fasting blood glucose,hypertension,abnormal blood lipids,and abdominal obesity-that greatly increase a person's risk of developing heart disease? 

A) Metabolic syndrome 
B) Progressive inflammatory disease 
C) Ectopic cluster syndrome 
D) Normal-weight obesity syndrome 
E) Immunological disease

Question 45

Which of the following is a metabolic consequence of obesity that precedes type 2 diabetes? 

A) Subcutaneous fat 
B) Insulin resistance 
C) Thyroid insufficiency 
D) Hypothalamic impedance 
E) Islet cell pathology

Question 46

What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight women 20-39 years of age? 

A) 5-10% 
B) 18-22% 
C) 23-26% 
D) 28-32% 
E) 31-34%

Question 47

Research shows less susceptibility to health problems when excess body fat is distributed around the ________.

A) stomach 
B) arms and chest 
C) hips and thighs 
D) face and neck 
E) shoulders

Question 48

In general,woman with a waist circumference greater than ________ inches and men with a waist circumference of greater than ________ inches have a high risk of central-obesity-related health problems.

A) 24, 32 
B) 27, 38 
C) 35, 40 
D) 38, 27 
E) 40, 35

Question 49

What method to assess body fat involves a chamber of computerized sensors,which is commonly called the "bod pod"? 

A) Hydrodensitometry 
B) Skinfold measures 
C) Bioelectrical impedance 
D) Air displacement plethysmography 
E) DXA scan

Question 50

Which of the following is a health result of losing excess body weight? 

A) It begins atherosclerosis. 
B) It lowers HDL-cholesterol. 
C) It increases insulin resistance. 
D) It raises the number of immune cells in adipose tissue. 
E) It lowers blood pressure.

Question 51

Research shows high susceptibility to health problems when excess body fat is distributed around the ________.

A) neck 
B) abdomen 
C) hips and thighs 
D) arms and shoulders 
E) lower legs and feet

Question 52

Obesity is second only to _________ in causing premature deaths.

A) motor vehicle accidents 
B) tobacco 
C) underweight 
D) suicide 
E) alcohol

Question 53

Which person would need more body fat than the others? 

A) A professional ballet dancer 
B) A pregnant woman 
C) A high school basketball player 
D) A ranch hand in Phoenix, Arizona 
E) A bodybuilder

Question 54

What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5¢5² and 215 lbs? 

A) 21 
B) 26 
C) 31 
D) 36 
E) 40

Question 55

Which statement accurately describes fat distribution? 

A) Subcutaneous fat is called central obesity. 
B) Central obesity does not contribute to heart disease, cancers, and diabetes. 
C) Subcutaneous fat contributes to heart disease, cancers, and diabetes. 
D) Visceral fat is most common in women. 
E) Body fat around the hips and thighs is most common in women during their reproductive years.

Question 56

Research shows that excess body fat distributed primarily around the abdomen ________.

A) is related directly to exercise 
B) lowers the risk for diabetes 
C) is less common in women past menopause 
D) is associated with increased mortality for both sexes 
E) is related to heart disease risk but not cancer

Question 57

Why are overweight or obese women at higher risk for cancer of the female reproductive system? 

A) Obese women are more sedentary, which promotes cancer development. 
B) Adipose tissue stores carcinogens in the body. 
C) Excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote cancerous development. 
D) Obese women eat more food; therefore, they are exposed to more naturally occurring carcinogens. 
E) Obese women have impaired immune function, so their ability to deal with cancer-causing viruses is diminished.

Question 58

What term refers to fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs? 

A) Visceral fat 
B) Subcutaneous fat 
C) Waist fat 
D) Dual fat 
E) Ectopic fat

Question 59

Alfred is an African-American long-distance runner whose BMI classifies him as obese.Why might this be? 

A) Blacks have a higher average height than whites. 
B) Blacks have denser bones and higher body protein concentrations than whites. 
C) Blacks tend to have different proportions of brown and white adipose tissue than whites. 
D) The fat pads in blacks are situated primarily around the hips, whereas in whites the pads are primarily abdominal. 
E) Blacks have both lower average height and higher average weight than whites.

Question 60

A person's ________ is a good indicator of central obesity.

A) BMI 
B) essential body fat 
C) hydrodensitometry 
D) waist circumference 
E) adaptive thermogenesis efficiency

Question 61

The energy needed to maintain life when a body is at complete digestive,physical,and emotional rest is called ________.

Question 62

The integrated response to the sight,smell,thought,or taste of food that initiates or delays eating is called ________.

Question 63

The generation of heat is ____________________.

Question 64

Which term refers to a psychiatric disorder characterized by a preoccupation with building body mass? 

A) Amenorrhea 
B) Bulimia 
C) Cathartic disordered eating 
D) Muscle dysmorphia 
E) Orthorexia nervosa

Question 65

An agent that causes vomiting is a/n ________ 

A) dysmorphia 
B) RED-S 
C) emetic 
D) cathartic 
E) laxative

Question 66

The proportions of muscle,bone,fat,and other tissue that make up a person's total body weight is called ________.

Question 67

Which of the following represents the most common eating disorder among men and women of any age? 

A) Athlete triad 
B) Bulimia nervosa 
C) Anorexia nervosa 
D) Binge-eating disorder 
E) Carbohydrate addiction

Question 68

Research shows that ________ of women have suffered from anorexia nervosa at some point in their lives.

A) less than 1% 
B) 2% 
C) 3.5% 
D) 5% 
E) 10%

Question 69

Which of the following describes a cathartic? 

A) Strong laxative 
B) Drug that induces vomiting 
C) Device to measure skinfold thickness 
D) Device to measure the energy of foods 
E) Drug that reduces nausea

Question 70

The painful sensation caused by a lack of food that initiates food-seeking behavior is called ________.

Question 71

A person with a body mass index less than 18.5 is ________.

Question 72

An immunological response to cellular injury characterized by an increase in white blood cells is referred to as ________.

Question 73

What characterizes the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa? 

A) Binge eating usually occurs during the daytime as a reward for something done well. 
B) Binge eating often involves nutritious foods in overabundance. 
C) Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting. 
D) A binge eating episode is usually completed within 20 minutes. 
E) Young women are particularly likely to have "binge buddies" with whom they binge.

Question 74

How is binge eating different from bulimia nervosa? 

A) Binge-eaters are depressed; bulimics enjoy good mental health. 
B) Binge-eaters rarely purge. Bulimics almost always purge. 
C) Binge-eaters eat more during a binge session than do bulimics. 
D) Binge-eaters follow stricter diets than do bulimics. 
E) Binge-eaters are more normal weight than are bulimics.

Question 75

The body minus its fat is called ________.

Question 76

What is the first dietary objective when treating a patient with anorexia nervosa? 

A) Stop weight loss 
B) Eat foods with a lower energy density at first 
C) Decrease physical activity 
D) Eat foods with higher fiber content 
E) Decrease fat intake

Question 77

What term describes the combination of disordered eating,amenorrhea,and osteoporosis? 

A) Female athlete triad 
B) Triathlete medical disorder 
C) High stress tertiary disorder 
D) Nonadaptable training syndrome 
E) Athletic hormonal disruption

Question 78

Which term refers to a relatively new food practice that uses restrictive diets,ritualized eating patterns,and rigid food avoidance? 

A) Amenorrhea 
B) Bulimia 
C) Cathartic disordered eating 
D) Muscle dysmorphia 
E) Orthorexia nervosa

Question 79

A chemical produced in the brain that stimulates appetite is called ____________________.

Question 80

Excess fat in locations other than adipose tissue is ________.