Question 1

What is the purpose for the nurse administering metoclopramide (Reglan) IV postoperatively?&#10;A) Prolong the effects of anesthesia.&#10;B) Decrease the potential for thrombus formation.&#10;C) Prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting.&#10;D) Decrease postoperative pain.

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. It works by increasing the muscle contractions in the upper digestive tract, which helps move food and stomach contents more quickly through the digestive system. This can help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by slow digestion after surgery.

Question 2

Which are important nursing assessments for monitoring the hydration status of infants? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Monitor oral mucous membranes, vital signs, and skin turgor twice each shift.&#10;B) Monitor intake and output every shift.&#10;C) Weigh every other day.&#10;D) Monitor electrolyte and specific gravity laboratory values.&#10;E) Provide diversional activities during hospitalization.

Accepted Answer

Monitoring oral mucous membranes, vital signs, and skin turgor gives an indication of the infant's hydration status. Monitoring intake and output helps to identify any changes or imbalances. Monitoring electrolyte and specific gravity laboratory values can help to assess the infant's fluid balance and hydration status. Weighing every other day may not be frequent enough to detect changes in hydration status. Providing diversional activities is not related to monitoring hydration status.

Question 3

A patient going on vacation asks the nurse what she can give to her 3-year-old child who becomes car sick. Which responses are accurate? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) &#34;Positioning techniques such as placing the child facing forward and blocking out scenery through the side windows can be helpful.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;There is no such thing as car sickness.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;If your child does vomit, there is some over-the-counter Benadryl you can administer.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I would check with the pharmacist regarding over-the-counter products available for young children.&#34;

Accepted Answer

A) Positioning techniques such as placing the child facing forward and blocking out scenery can help reduce the symptoms of car sickness in young children. This is an appropriate response.

B) This statement is false. Car sickness, also known as motion sickness, is a real condition that affects many people, including children.

C) Benadryl is an antihistamine medication and is not typically used to treat car sickness in children. It is important to check with a healthcare provider or pharmacist before administering any medication to a child.

D) Checking with a pharmacist regarding over-the-counter products available for young children is a good idea before administering any medication. This is an appropriate response.

Question 4

Why does the nurse monitor daily weights prior to the administration of antiemetic medications to chemotherapy patients?&#10;A) Antiemetics are calculated according to body surface area.&#10;B) Antiemetics are toxic, and the minimal dosage should be administered.&#10;C) Weight loss is a common adverse effect associated with chemotherapy, and dosages may need to be readjusted.&#10;D) Fluid overload is common, and antiemetic dosages are increased as treatment progresses.

Accepted Answer

Weight loss is a common adverse effect associated with chemotherapy, and dosages of antiemetics may need to be readjusted. Monitoring daily weights can help determine if the patient is losing weight and may require a dosage adjustment.

Question 5

What is an advantage of using benzodiazepines as an adjunctive treatment for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy?&#10;A) The long half-life will prolong the effectiveness of other drugs.&#10;B) They increase a sense of euphoria.&#10;C) The patient will not develop tolerance to the medications as quickly.&#10;D) The antianxiety effect helps, in addition to reducing the frequency of nausea and vomiting.

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines have an antianxiety effect, which can help reduce the frequency of nausea and vomiting by reducing the patient's anxiety about the treatment. This is in addition to their direct action on reducing nausea and vomiting. The long half-life (A) and euphoria (B) are not advantages in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Tolerance (C) can still develop with long-term use of benzodiazepines.

Question 6

What condition is occurring when a patient experiences nausea immediately on entering the clinic to receive another course of chemotherapy?&#10;A) Psychogenic&#10;B) Chemotherapy-induced&#10;C) Hyperemesis gravidarum&#10;D) Anticipatory nausea and vomiting

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting is a conditioned response that patients develop after experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It occurs when the patient associates the clinic setting with the unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy and anticipates the same response before receiving treatment.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a 27-year-old patient taking a cannabinoid during chemotherapy. Which consideration will the nurse take into account?&#10;A) Antihistamines may potentiate the effects.&#10;B) Monitor the patient for fluid volume excess.&#10;C) Previous use of marijuana requires increased dosage.&#10;D) Inform the patient to avoid the intake of potassium.

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines can potentiate the effects of cannabinoids, leading to increased sedation or drowsiness. This interaction is important for nurses to consider when caring for patients using cannabinoids, especially during chemotherapy, to ensure patient safety and comfort.

Question 8

The nurse would expect to administer which drug when treating hyperemesis gravidarum?&#10;A) THC (Marinol)&#10;B) Haloperidol (Haldol)&#10;C) Dexamethasone (Prednisone)&#10;D) Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a commonly used medication to treat nausea and vomiting, including hyperemesis gravidarum, in pregnancy. THC (Marinol) is a form of medical marijuana and is not typically used as a first-line treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum. Haloperidol (Haldol) is an antipsychotic medication that can be used to treat nausea and vomiting, but it is not as commonly used as metoclopramide. Dexamethasone (Prednisone) is a steroid medication that can also be used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum, but it is typically reserved for cases that are more severe or do not respond to other treatments.

Question 9

Why is drug therapy important for selected causes of nausea and vomiting? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Relieves the distress associated with nausea and vomiting&#10;B) Prevents aspiration of gastric contents into the lung&#10;C) Prevents dehydration&#10;D) Prevents electrolyte imbalances&#10;E) Increases intracranial pressure

Accepted Answer

Drug therapy for nausea and vomiting can help relieve the distress associated with these symptoms and prevent complications such as aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. However, certain medications may increase intracranial pressure, so it is important to use drug therapy judiciously and monitor patients closely.

Question 10

What is the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in vomiting? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Initiates or induce vomiting&#10;B) Coordinates the vomiting reflex&#10;C) Activates the vomit center (VC) to induce vomiting&#10;D) Samples blood and spinal fluid for potentially toxic substances

Accepted Answer

The CTZ stimulates the VC to induce vomiting as well as samples blood and spinal fluid for potentially toxic substances.The CTZ does not initiate vomiting or coordinate the vomiting reflex.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a patient with nausea and vomiting. Which additional autonomic symptoms that often accompany vomiting will the nurse observe?&#10;A) Bradycardia, diarrhea, and flushing&#10;B) Pallor, sweating, and tachycardia&#10;C) Urinary urgency, chills, and dizziness&#10;D) Fever, hyperventilation, and bradycardia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assessing a patient with...

Question 12

A patient is beginning the second round of high-dose cisplatin. Severe, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) occurred following the first treatment, requiring 72 hours of continuous IV hydration. In addition to her chemotherapy regimen, which medication would be best to administer?

A) Prochlorperazine (Compazine) suppository daily, the day of treatment, and the next 3 days
B) Anticholinergic agents, such as diphenhydramine or meclizine
C) Parenteral ondansetron 1 hour before chemotherapy, with oral ondansetron to continue for the next 4 days
D) Parenteral ondansetron during chemotherapy, with prochlorperazine suppositories daily for 1 week

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is beginning the second round...

Question 13

A patient expresses concerns about motion sickness. Which medication is most effective in preventing motion sickness?&#10;A) Serotonin antagonists&#10;B) Phenothiazines&#10;C) Corticosteroids&#10;D) Anticholinergics

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient expresses concerns about motion sickness....

Question 14

Which herb has been used in many cultures to provide relief of nausea associated with pregnancy?&#10;A) Mint&#10;B) Hyssop&#10;C) Echinacea&#10;D) Ginger

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which herb has been used in many...

Deck 34: Drugs Used to Treat Nausea and Vomiting