Deck 24: Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Question 1

Which of the following minerals is NOT a component of either a protein in the electron transport chain or ATP?

A)iron.
B)phosphorus.
C)copper.
D)zinc.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about nutrients and fluid balance is FALSE?

A)Sodium and potassium play an important role in fluid balance.
B)Magnesium is required for ATPase pump to function properly.
C)Na-K-ATPase pump maintains appropriate concentrations of sodium and potassium on either side of the cell membrane.
D)The concentration of potassium is higher in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Pregnant women increase their risk of having a baby with cretinism if their diet is deficient in which nutrient?

A)folate
B)zinc
C)iodine
D)niacin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which vitamin does NOT play a major role in either the oxidation of glucose,fatty acids,and amino acids or the formation of ATP?

A)thiamin.
B)niacin.
C)vitamin C.
D)pantothenic acid.

Question 5

Which mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?

A)calcium
B)zinc
C)iron
D)iodine

Question 6

Energy metabolism,especially the electron transport chain,is a source of what kind of molecules?

A)nitrogen gas
B)reactive oxygen species.
C)methane
D)reactive iron species

Question 7

Vitamin E,an antioxidant,can be spared by which mineral?

A)molybdenum
B)sulphur
C)selenium
D)iodine

Question 8

Which enzyme depends on manganese for its activity?

A)mucosal hyperoxidase
B)glutathione peroxidase
C)cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
D)mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

Question 9

Which mineral,as a component of a hormone,influences the expression of genes involved in the regulation of basal metabolism (the amount of energy consumed at rest)?

A)calcium
B)zinc
C)iron
D)iodine

Question 10

Which statement about insulin and the expression of the insulin gene is FALSE?

A)High levels of blood glucose in the pancreas increase the expression of the insulin gene.
B)Zinc plays a role in gene expression by binding to the insulin receptor.
C)Chromium plays a role in energy metabolism by increasing insulin's ability to promote glucose uptake by cells.
D)The binding of a derivative of glucose to a nuclear receptor increases the expression of the insulin gene.

Question 11

Which is NOT a neurotransmitters?

A)serotonin.
B)norepinephrine.
C)dopamine.
D)calcitonin

Question 12

Which fatty acid found in fish oils is important for the development of the brain and eye during the fetal stage and early infancy?

A)DHA
B)EPA
C)alpha-linolenic acid
D)linoleic acid

Question 13

Folate,through its role in single carbon metabolism participates in reactions that result in what modification of DNA?

A)methylation.
B)oxidation.
C)phoshphorylation.
D)reduction.

Question 14

What is the region at the end of the axon?

A)dendrite.
B)synapse.
C)neurotransmitter.
D)exocytosis.

Question 15

Which one of the following enzymes does NOT minimize cellular damage?

A)mucosal hyperoxidase.
B)glutathione peroxidase.
C)cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase.
D)mitochondrial superoxide dismutase.

Question 16

Which nutrient is important in preventing defects during the formation of the neural tube?

A)vitamin B₁₂ only
B)folate
C)niacin
D)thiamin only

Question 17

Among these statements about nutrients and the neuron function,which one is FALSE?

A)Vitamin B₆ and B₁₂ are needed for the synthesis and maintenance of the myelin sheath.
B)Sodium is necessary for the transmission of electrical signals along the axon.
C)Tryptophan is required for the synthesis of acetylcholine.
D)Vitamin E helps to maintain the integrity of the cell membrane of the neuron.

Question 18

How does folate participate in the synthesis of the bases that make up DNA?

A)it is a constituent of the DNA backbone.
B)it functions in single carbon transfer.
C)it functions to ensure that vitamin B₁₂ is available.
D)it will bind to a specific receptor protein.

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT have a key role in DNA synthesis?

A)folate.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)vitamin K.
D)phosphorus.

Question 20

A nutrient-derivative forms a nutrient-derivative-receptor complex that binds to DNA and ultimately mRNA is formed.What is being described?

A)The role of retinoic acid in gene expression.
B)The role of vitamin D in suppressing the expression of calcium transport proteins.
C)The role of iodine in expression genes related to bone health.
D)The role of glucose in controlling the expression of thyroid hormone.

Question 21

Among these statements about nutrients and the nervous function,which one is FALSE?

A)Pellagra,a niacin-deficiency disease,is associated with symptoms such as dementia.
B)Vitamin C is essential to eye health by preventing xerophtalmia.
C)High intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin,are associated with reduced risk of macular degeneration.
D)Tyrosine is required for the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Question 22

Among these statements about fatty acids and the immune system,which one is FALSE?

A)The omega-3 fatty acids,EPA and DHA,tend to promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors.
B)Eicosanoids derived from the omega-3 fatty acid arachidonic acid tend to favour inflammatory factors.
C)EPA and DHA can be synthesized in the body from linoleic acid.
D)EPA and DHA can be synthesized in the body from alpha-linolenic acid.

Question 23

Which of the following nutrients does NOT play key role in the maintenance of the inorganic matrix,the hydroxyapatite crystals,of bone?

A)potassium.
B)vitamin D.
C)calcium.
D)phosphorus.

Question 24

Which nutrient does NOT play a role in blood clotting or blood thinning?

A)potassium.
B)vitamin K.
C)calcium.
D)vitamin E.

Question 25

Which is NOT a symptom of vitamin E deficiency? EXCEPT

A)weakness.
B)increased blood pressure.
C)poor muscle coordination.
D)impaired vision.

Question 26

Among these statements about the homocysteine hypothesis,which one is FALSE?

A)Inadequate folate intake results in elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood.
B)Homocysteine damages blood vessels.
C)Homocysteine may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
D)The homocysteine hypothesis has been well demonstrated by intervention trials.

Question 27

Which vitamins are involved in DNA synthesis and their deficiencies associated with impaired immune function?

A)pantothenic acid and thiamin.
B)niacin and vitamin B_6.
C)vitamin D and riboflavin.
D)folate and vitamin B_12.

Question 28

Which vitamin is required for the formation of lymphocytes such as B- and T- cells?

A)Vitamin E
B)Vitamin B₆
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin D

Question 29

Which of the following nutrients does NOT support the maintenance of the organic components of bone?

A)copper.
B)vitamin C.
C)sodium.
D)vitamin K.

Question 30

Which mineral is required for proteins to bind to DNA?

A)copper
B)zinc
C)manganese
D)iron

Question 31

Present the role of vitamin A in the immune system.

Question 32

Why are the symptoms of zinc and vitamin A deficiency similar?

A)Because zinc deficiency prevents the expression of genes controlled by retinoic acid.
B)A deficiency of vitamin A prevents zinc from binds to a protein receptor in the nucleus of the cell.
C)Zinc deficiency prevents the absorption of vitamin A.
D)Both zinc and retinal are required in the visual cycle.

Question 33

Which nutrients play a vital role in the development of the mature red blood cell and their deficiencies result in megaloblastic anemia?

A)pantothenic acid and thiamin.
B)niacin and vitamin B_6.
C)iron and riboflavin.
D)folate and vitamin B_12.

Question 34

Among these statements about beriberi,which one is FALSE?

A)Beriberi is a deficiency in niacin.
B)Symptoms of beriberi include nerve tingling and poor coordination.
C)Acetylcholine synthesis may be impaired with beriberi,explaining the symptoms observed.
D)All of the above the answers are correct.

Question 35

Which mineral forms fluoroapatite and strengthens tooth enamel?

A)potassium
B)magnesium
C)calcium
D)fluoride

Question 36

Explain why antioxidants play a role in the proper functioning of the immune system.

Question 37

Which nutrient's function is to increase the formation of macrophages?

A)vitamin D
B)thiamin
C)iodine
D)folate

Question 38

Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)sulphur
D)calcium