Deck 25: Extension: A - Plasticity, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of the Adult Brain

Question 1

LTP was first found in the:

A) hippocampus.
B) cerebellum.
C) pulvinar nucleus.
D) amygdala.

Answer 1

hippocampus.

Question 2

After completing an evaluation of a patient who experienced a stroke in the left hemisphere and has possible aphasia, you have determined that some aspects of language have been spared. To what would you attribute this finding?

A) There was some language function recovery within 24 hours of injury.
B) Some language functions may be mediated by the right hemisphere.
C) Some language functions are controlled by brain-stem structures.
D) Some language functions may be mediated by the left hemisphere.

Answer 2

Some language functions may be mediated by the right hemisphere.

Question 3

Teuber's study on the long - term improvement of soldiers with brain wounds in the Korean War suggests that recovery is greatest in those soldiers who were _____ at the time of injury.

A) youngest
B) oldest
C) more motivated to recover
D) better educated

Answer 3

youngest

Question 4

Ischemia often results in a sequence of events that include the entry of toxic levels of _____ into the affected neurons.

A) sodium
B) blood
C) calcium
D) glutamate

Question 5

The size of the brain area representing the musical scale in musicians correlates with:

A) the number of hours they practice per week.
B) the number of instruments they can play.
C) the age at which they began to practice.
D) their skill level.

Question 6

The capacity for recovery following a stroke declines as the size of the stroke _____ and age _____.

A) increases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases

Question 7

Twitchell describes recovery from hemiplegia (inability to move the contralateral limbs) as following an orderly sequence, the first step of which is:

A) grasping facilitated by other movements.
B) development of rigidity.
C) development of voluntary grasping.
D) return of reflexes.

Question 8

Which is NOT part of the sequence of recovery from motor - cortex damage over a period of days or weeks?

A) return of reflexes
B) development of rigidity
C) functional improvement of the primary sensorimotor cortex
D) development of voluntary grasping

Question 9

Which of the following factors does NOT increase cell proliferation of hippocampal granule neurons?

A) adrenalectomy
B) reduced daylight
C) Prozac
D) exposure to stress

Question 10

Left temporal-lobe patients showed improvements in memory after they were taught to use a strategy involving:

A) imagery.
B) vocabulary.
C) logical reasoning.
D) motor reflexes.

Question 11

In the amnesic H.M., his basic IQ scores _____ with long - term follow - up exams, and his amnesia _____.

A) remained constant; also remained constant
B) improved; also improved
C) improved; remained unchanged
D) deteriorated; remained unchanged

Question 12

Kindling has been demonstrated to occur in the:

A) hippocampus.
B) cerebellum.
C) pulvinar nucleus.
D) forebrain.

Question 13

The work of Nudo and colleagues underscores the importance of _____ in recovery from brain damage.

A) the use of affected body parts
B) edema-reducing drugs
C) equipotentiality
D) preventing spinal shock

Question 14

Sugita found that properties of neurons in area _____ changed following monkeys' adaptive changes to prisms.

A) V1 and V4
B) V4
C) V1 but not V4
D) V4 but not V1

Question 15

_____ reflects brain changes that are necessary to modify neuronal ensembles that are already present.

A) Long-term potentiation
B) Experience-dependent plasticity
C) Kindling
D) Experience-expectant plasticity

Question 16

Which of the following factors increase(s) cell survival of hippocampal granule neurons?

A) aging
B) stress
C) adrenal steroids
D) Prozac

Question 17

Based on the predictions from the work of Jacobs et al., which of the following occupations would you NOT expect to correlate with an increase in the size of the associated brain region?

A) typist; finger representation
B) tap dancer; foot representation
C) clarinet player; musical scale representation
D) singer; language representation

Question 18

After a series of higher - than - normal stimulations followed by a rest period, a baseline stimulation to a neuron elicits a greater excitatory postsynaptic potential from another neuron that receives its projections. This phenomenon is known as:

A) long-term potentiation.
B) kindling.
C) ischemia.
D) synaptogenesis.

Question 19

Ramachandran and Hirstein found that following hand amputations the cortical map of the hand could be detected by stroking the:

A) opposite hand.
B) face.
C) ear lobes.
D) arm.

Question 20

Teuber found, in his study of brain - damaged vets, that the poorest recovery rates were in those soldiers who suffered:

A) motor deficits.
B) visual field deficits.
C) dysphasia.
D) somatosensory deficits.

Question 21

A vitally important additional treatment for an aphasic receiving daily speech therapy is:

A) movement therapy.
B) social interaction.
C) pharmacological therapy.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 22

Nudo and colleagues found that the size of the area regulating the hand near where they had lesions _____ in the absence of rehabilitation.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) decreased and then increased
D) remained the same

Question 23

Brain implants of fetal tissue are currently in experimental use for the treatment of:

A) diffuse brain damage.
B) postencephalitic amnesia.
C) cerebral palsy.
D) Parkinson's disease.

Question 24

Research suggests that for rehabilitation of brain - damaged patients, practice in the use of the affected body parts should be:

A) gentle and in small amounts.
B) extensive.
C) avoided, with emphasis on using nonaffected limbs.
D) supervised by trained professionals.

Question 25

The variable NOT influencing recovery from brain damage is:

A) handedness.
B) intelligence.
C) attitude.
D) stress.