Deck 15: Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Question 1

According to the scores of the Canadian Health Eating Index,which food group do children and adolescents eat in sufficient quantities?

A)grain products.
B)fruits and vegetables.
C)meats and alternatives
D)dairy products.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

"A scoring method that determines how well a diet conforms to Canada's Food Guide." What is being described?

A)CCHS
B)Canadian Health Measures Survey
C)Canadian Healthy Eating Index
D)Body mass index

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to the WHO growth chart adapted for Canada,children are considered underweight when their BMI falls below which percentile?

A)first
B)third
C)fifth
D)seventh

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement about childhood eating patterns is FALSE?

A)Much of what we choose to eat as adults depends on what we learned to eat as children.
B)Children's eating habits typically mirror those of their caregivers.
C)Since children are sensitive to strong flavours,it is better to wait until 8 or 9 years old to try and establish good eating habits.
D)Childhood eating habits can affect how healthy people will be as they age.

Question 5

Which statement about the diets of Canadian children is TRUE?

A)Most Canadian children do not get enough sodium.
B)Most Canadian children eat too much dietary fibre.
C)Most Canadian children do not eat enough fruits and vegetables.
D)Most Canadian children get too much calcium.

Question 6

Which is a difference between the nutrition labelling of regular food and those intended for children under two?

A)the daily values for total and saturated & trans fat are not included on children's food.
B)daily values for vitamins are not included on children's food
C)health claims are more widely used on children's food
D)iron is not listed on children's food to discourage parents from limiting it.

Question 7

Between 1978 and 2007,how has the proportion of obese or overweight children and youth aged 6-17 changed?

A)It increased slightly.
B)It doubled.
C)It declined.
D)It stayed the same.

Question 8

A 10 year old boy has a BMI in the 90^th percentile.What does this mean?

A)The boy weighs less than 90% of his peers but he is not underweight.
B)The boy weighs less than 10% of his peers and is considered obese.
C)The boy weighs more than 10% of his peers and is considered overweight.
D)The boy weighs less than 10% of his peers and is considered overweight.

Question 9

Which statement accurately compares the protein requirement of a 1-year-old child to 5-year-old child,based on protein/kilogram of body weight?

A)the 1 year old has a lower requirement.
B)1 year old has a higher requirement.
C)of the requirements are the same
D)The requirement is based on size,not age.

Question 10

"Disapproval and lack of acceptance suffered by someone because he or she is obese." What is being described?

A)Social isolation
B)Boredom and depression
C)Discrimination based on socioeconomic status
D)Weight stigmatization

Question 11

Which issue is not faced by obese children?

A)shorter terminal height.
B)diabetes.
C)discrimination.
D)hypertension.

Question 12

Which statement accurately describes metabolic syndrome in Canadian adolescents?

A)Metabolic syndrome,typically seen only in adults,is being found in Canadian adolescents,because of the rise in obesity in that group.
B)Metabolic syndrome,among adolescents,increases their risk of adult obesity,diabetes and hypertension.
C)Metabolic syndrome includes abdominal obesity and other characteristics such as high serum triglycerides,low HDL cholesterol,high pressure and/or high fasting glucose levels.
D)All of the above statements are accurate.

Question 13

As the typical Canadian child gets older,how does the quality of the diet change?

A)It improves as they eat less fruit,but drink more water.
B)It improves as they consume fewer sugars,but worsens as they consume more fat.
C)It worsens as they eat less fruit and drink less milk.
D)It worsens as they eat less meat.

Question 14

According to the CCHS,children's intake of which nutrient_ is of concern?

A)potassium
B)fat
C)protein
D)calcium

Question 15

Childhood obesity increases the risks for which conditions?

A)high blood cholesterol.
B)high blood glucose.
C)elevated blood pressure.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 16

As children grow,their nutrient requirements per unit of body weight change in what way?

A)requirements increase.
B)requirements decrease.
C)requirements stay about the same.
D)requirements areindependent of growth.

Question 17

Which nutritional deficiency for children may be problematic regarding bone health?

A)protein
B)vitamin D
C)thiamin and niacin
D)iron

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The rate of growth in the second year of life is greater than the rate of growth during the first year of life.
B)Growth charts are used to determine an infant's kcaloric requirements.
C)Growth charts are used to predict adult weight and height in infants.
D)Clinicians use growth charts to compare an infant's growth to standard growth patterns.

Question 19

According to the CCHS,children's intake of which nutrient is very high?

A)sodium
B)vitamin A
C)magnesium
D)iron

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding growth during childhood is TRUE?

A)Growth occurs in spurts and plateaus.
B)Growth is faster during childhood compared to infancy.
C)Genetics has little impact on the ultimate size a child will obtain.
D)There is currently no standard reference for monitoring the adequacy of children's growth.

Question 21

In a "true" food allergy what reacts with an allergen?

A)digestive enzymes.
B)the endocrine system.
C)the immune system.
D)the respiratory system.

Question 22

When it comes to fat consumption,what does Canada's Food Guide advises parents to do?

A)not restrict nutritious food for young children based on its fat content.
B)carefully prepare only low-fat meals for young children.
C)make sure children of all ages consume low-fat meals.
D)restrict fat content in meals for children under 3.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT age-appropriate for an 8-month-old infant?

A)finger foods
B)breastfeeding
C)cow's milk
D)soft fruits

Question 24

Which statement about food allergies is correct?

A)They are more common in breastfed babies than formula-fed babies.
B)They can result when incompletely digested proteins are absorbed from the intestine and enter the lymph and/or bloodstream.
C)They tend to be more common in older children than in infants.
D)They are not serious unless they occur in children over the age of 6.

Question 25

Dietary supplements containing which nutrient have a high potential for toxicity in children?

A)vitamin C
B)iron
C)protein
D)calcium

Question 26

Which food is appropriate for a 6-month-old infant?

A)whole cow's milk
B)iron-fortified infant rice cereal
C)raw carrots
D)egg whites

Question 27

What does an elimination diet detect?

A)foods that children like and dislike.
B)foods that cause weight gain in children.
C)the cause of a food allergy.
D)foods that raise blood glucose levels

Question 28

What is a food jag?

A)a period when children eat only one food item and nothing else.
B)boredom with drinking milk
C)the inability to digest certain foods due to insufficient digestive enzymes.
D)a form of anorexia observed in children.

Question 29

A six-month old infant is given ground beef for the first time.What statement accurately describes the meat in this situation?

A)A source of iron
B)A complementary food
C)A supplement
D)Both (a)and (b).

Question 30

Which of the following can help to decrease the risk of developing a food allergy?

A)breastfeeding
B)formula feeding
C)early introduction of solid foods (around 2 months of age)
D)positioning infants on their backs while sleeping

Question 31

Which of the following foods should NOT be given to young children (< 1 yr)because of the risk of choking?

A)pureed peas
B)hot dogs
C)crackers
D)apple sauce

Question 32

Which of the following foods is a common allergen?

A)peanuts
B)milk
C)eggs
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 33

Which statement about food allergies is TRUE?

A)It is best to introduce infants to several new foods at a time.
B)They are the same thing as food intolerances.
C)The best way to manage a food allergy is to keep consuming the food in small quantities.
D)Many children who develop food allergies before the age of 3 years will outgrow them.

Question 34

How should a young child's unwillingness to try new foods be viewed by parents?

A)normal (typical)behaviour for children that age.
B)a sign of a serious metabolic disorder.
C)a sign of pending food allergies.
D)delayed motor skill development.

Question 35

Milk is not recommended before nine months of age because it interferes with the absorption of what nutrient?

A)Calcium
B)Iron
C)Potassium
D)Vitamin A

Question 36

Which of the following foods should NOT be served to children less than a year old because it may contain spores of Clostridium botulinum?

A)eggs
B)fresh fruits such as cherries and apricots
C)whole cow's milk
D)honey

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of a food intolerance?

A)the inability to digest lactose,causing diarrhea and cramping
B)a food phobia caused by an extreme dislike of a food
C)the removal of certain foods from foodservice menus to observe religious custom
D)None of the above answers are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding managing peanut allergies is TRUE?

A)It is important to read labels because even foods that do not contain peanut products can pose a risk if they are manufactured in the same location as peanut-containing foods.
B)Shopping for safe foods for someone with peanut allergy is easy.
C)Only foods with the word "Peanut" in the title have peanuts in them.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 39

What can a parent do to encourage a child to try new foods?

A)introduce a new food 2 times;if it is not accepted then do not bother introducing it again.
B)offer the new food at the end of a meal,when the child is full.
C)offer the child the food,but do not force them to try it.
D)force the child to try the new food,especially if the child is exhibiting a food jag.

Question 40

Which statement about the eating environment is TRUE?

A)Caregivers should sit with children and eat what they eat.
B)Small children should eat before adults.
C)Children should watch television while they eat,to distract them from the food items that they do not like.
D)Children should be limited in the amount of time they have to eat so they do not get in the habit of dawdling.

Question 41

Which of the following statements regarding sugar is TRUE?

A)Sugar consumption is the most common cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in children.
B)Sugar is a common food allergen.
C)A high sugar diet contributes to dental caries.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 42

Which nutrient decreases dental caries?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)zinc
D)fluoride

Question 43

What environmental and behavioural factors might explain the association between teen body weight and parental body weight?

A)Parents and their teens may have similar television viewing habits.
B)Parents and their teens may have similar dietary habits.
C)Parents and their teens may have similar physical activity habits.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 44

How has number of young children with elevated blood lead levels changed since the 1980's?

A)increased by 10%
B)decreased
C)stayed this same
D)doubled

Question 45

Which is NOT recommended by Health Canada as a method to reduce lead exposure?

A)cover over lead-based paint with wallpaper or panelling.
B)reduce exposure to tap water from old plumbing.
C)reduce exposure to lead-based ceramic foodware.
D)sand away lead-based paint.

Question 46

What is a recommendation of the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for children?

A)Engage in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise for 60 minutes/day.
B)Engage in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise for 30 minutes/day.
C)Engage in light to moderate intensity exercise for 60 minutes/day.
D)Engage in light to moderate intensity exercise for 30 minutes/day.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a way that children can become more active?

A)Parents can plan activities that can be enjoyed by the whole family.
B)Physical activity can be incorporated into the school curriculum.
C)Parents can watch television,play video games,and surf the Web with their children.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 48

Lead causes which of the following in children?

A)learning disabilities
B)behaviour problems
C)altered kidney function
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 49

Which of the following statements regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)is TRUE?

A)ADHD is an example of a food intolerance.
B)ADHD is caused by excess sugar in the diet.
C)ADHD is a type of food allergy.
D)ADHD is characterized by a short attention span.

Question 50

How might iron and calcium interact to increase the risk of obesity?

A)Excessive calcium intake leads to decreased iron absorption which leads to iron deficiency anemia which in turn results in physical inactivity and weight gain
B)Excessive iron intake leads to decreased calcium absorption which leads to poor bone health which in turn results in physical inactivity and weight gain
C)Moderate calcium intake leads to decreased iron absorption which leads to iron deficiency anemia which in turn results in physical inactivity and weight gain
D)Iron and calcium do not interact.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a benefit,for children,of eating breakfast?

A)Higher intake of essential nutrients
B)Improved behavior at school
C)Healthier body weight
D)Lower fasting glucose levels

Question 52

Lead does NOT accumulates in which of the following organs?

A)bones.
B)stomach.
C)brain.
D)kidneys.

Question 53

Which of the following has NOT contributed to an increase in kcalorie consumption in Canadian children over the last 25 years?

A)eating more meals away from home.
B)larger portion sizes.
C)more screen time
D)use of 2% milk

Question 54

What is the period during which an individual undergoes physical changes that result in sexual maturity?

A)senescence.
B)puberty.
C)menopause.
D)menarche.

Question 55

Why is it important to regulate food and beverage advertising to children?

A)television influences the food children ask for
B)most food advertising to children is of nutritious foods
C)children do not fully understand the purpose of advertising,which is to encourage viewers to buy products
D)Both (a)and (c).

Question 56

What is the relationship between teen body weight and parental body weight?

A)Underweight parents have a significantly higher likelihood of having obese teens compared to obese parents.
B)Teen girls' weight status is significantly associated to that of their parents,but there is no association between teen boys' and their parents' weight status.
C)Parents who are obese have a significantly higher percentage of overweight and obese teens compared to parents who have a normal weight.
D)There is little association between teen body weight and parental body weight.

Question 57

There is a strong direct relationship between childhood obesity and which of the following?

A)participation in a school nutrition program.
B)amount of time spent watching television.
C)being the first born child in a family
D)consuming breakfast.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about breakfast is FALSE?

A)Children who skip breakfast are less likely to be overweight.
B)Children who skip breakfast are less likely to get all the vitamins and minerals they need.
C)Children who eat breakfast perform better academically.
D)A breakfast of sugared cereal is better than no breakfast at all.

Question 59

Why are low income children more likely to have elevated levels of lead in their blood?

A)they are more likely to live in older buildings with lead paint.
B)they have lower IQs.
C)they are less likely to have their blood levels checked.
D)their diets contain more lead-contaminated food.

Question 60

Why is lead poisoning more dangerous for children than adults?

A)children are closer to the sources of lead since they are short.
B)children do not excrete it as efficiently.
C)children absorb lead more efficiently.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 61

Type 2 diabetes typically is a condition that affects primarily adults.What changes/factors in Canada have contributed to the rise in type 2 diabetes among Canada's youth? What preventative measures can be taken?

Question 62

Which of the following is a negative consequence of teen alcohol use?

A)Additional source of kcalories that can contribute to negative energy balance
B)Increased need for vitamin C
C)Displacement of nutritious foods
D)Decreased need for thiamine

Question 63

What is the major source of calcium in the teen diet?

A)Beans and green leafy vegetables
B)Almonds and yogurt
C)Milk and cheese
D)Hamburger and cheese

Question 64

Which statement about the adolescent growth spurt is correct?

A)It occurs earlier in females than males.
B)It occurs before sexual development.
C)It is associated with an overall decrease in body fat in females.
D)It is associated with an overall increase in body fat in males.

Question 65

Why do vitamin C requirement increase during smoking?

A)Smoking generates free radicals;their elimination consumes vitamin C
B)Smoking degrades collagen in the lungs,which requires vitamin C for biosynthesis.
C)Smoking alters blood pH and ascorbic acid acts as a buffer.
D)Smoking decreases body weight and ascorbic acid is required for the regulation of satiety.

Question 66

How does pregnancy in teens change nutrient requirements in a way that is different from adults?

A)Requirements must account for growth of both teen and fetus.
B)Teen aged girls need considerably more iron than adult women.
C)Nutrient requirements for teen aged girls,compared to adults,are lower because teens tend to have smaller babies.
D)Both (a)and (c)

Question 67

Which is correctly matched?

A)Calcium: needed by teens to ensure bone health
B)Zinc: needed by teens to support protein synthesis,especially during growth spurt
C)Iron: for girls: to replace losses that result from the onset of menarche
D)All of the above

Question 68

Which is a consequence of oral contraceptive use?

A)Increased blood glucose levels
B)Weight gain
C)Decreased iron absorption
D)Decreased need for iron

Question 69

Why do iron requirements increase during adolescence?

A)expansion of blood volume and increase in muscle mass.
B)increases both in length and the mass of bones.
C)development of the immune system.
D)decrease in ability to store iron in the body.

Question 70

When compared with nonsmokers,which statement does NOT describe a teen smokers diet?

A)higher intakes of total fat.
B)lower consumption of fruits and vegetables
C)higher intake of saturated fat
D)higher intake of vitamin C

Question 71

How do energy requirements for teens differ from adults?

A)Energy requirements are lower for teens.
B)Energy requirements are the same for both teens and adults..
C)Energy requirements are higher for teen males than adult males,but there is no difference between female teens and adults.
D)Energy requirements are higher for teens.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about smoking is FALSE?

A)Smoking increases the risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
B)Many teens start smoking to promote weight loss.
C)Smokers have an increased requirement for vitamin C.
D)Smokers tend to consume a healthier diet than non-smokers.

Question 73

What is a popular dietary supplement taken by adolescent athletes to improve performance?

A)creatine.
B)isoflavones.
C)ginkgo biloba.
D)omega-3 fatty acid.

Question 74

With what is puberty associated?

A)growth.
B)maturation.
C)changes in body composition.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 75

Which statements best describe the vitamin status of Canadian teens?

A)Compared to boys,overall vitamin intake among girls is better,
B)Vitamin A intake for both boys and girls is of concern.
C)Intake of certain B vitamins is more problematic for boys than girls.
D)None of the above.

Question 76

Which is a major factor influencing food choice during the teen years?

A)parental influence
B)socializing with friends
C)nutritious content of food
D)Canada's Food Guide

Question 77

Differentiate between a food intolerance and a food allergy?

Question 78

What is menarche?

A)the onset of menstruation.
B)a period in life characterized by rapid growth.
C)the development of secondary sex characteristics.
D)irregularities in the menstrual cycle.

Question 79

Some teens decide to consume a vegetarian diet.Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be deficient in a vegetarian diet?

A)iron
B)vitamin C
C)B vitamins
D)potassium

Question 80

Which statement about vegetarians is FALSE?

A)Vegetarians are more likely to get sufficient fruits and vegetables than non-vegetarians.
B)Vegetarian diets are automatically healthy since they only contain healthy foods.
C)Vegetarian diets must be carefully planned.
D)A well-planned vegetarian diet can meet all the nutrient needs of children.