Deck 8: Leadership

Question 1

Leadership research indicates that trait theories

A)fail to clarify the relative importance of various traits.
B)closely follow the needs of followers.
C)are the most accurate of leadership theories.
D)consistently and strongly predict leadership success.
E)have not been able to isolate leadership traits that will predict leadership capabilities.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Leaders ________ the vision,while managers ________ the vision.

A)internalize;support
B)standardize;administrate
C)administer;create
D)create;administer
E)manage;supervise

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Managers rely on control strategies to get things done,whereas leaders ________ followers to internalize values.

A)task
B)persuade
C)empower
D)reward
E)require

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The University of Michigan studies identified the ________ and ________ dimensions of leadership.

A)considerate;initiating structure
B)employee-oriented;initiating consideration
C)production-oriented;relationship-oriented
D)employee-oriented;production-oriented
E)production-oriented;considerate

Question 5

Before a new department head was replaced,staff members indicated that they wanted a leader who would focus on minimizing employee concerns while focusing on increasing the efficiency of operations.Based on behavioural theories,they want the new leader to display ________ leadership.

A)coercive
B)production-oriented
C)initiating-structure
D)empowering
E)team

Question 6

The University of Michigan studies defines a(n)________ leader as someone who takes personal interest in the needs of his or her subordinates.

A)considerate
B)empowering
C)employee-oriented
D)team
E)behavioural

Question 7

If trait theories of leadership were correct,we would ________,whereas if behavioural studies were correct,we would ________.

A)teach people certain traits;teach people certain behaviours
B)select the right person for the job based on their traits;train people to become leaders
C)change jobs to suit people;change people to suit jobs
D)recruit and hire only women;recruit and hire either men or women
E)teach people managerial principles;recruit and select the right person for the job

Question 8

According to the Ohio State studies,the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of subordinates in the search for goal attainment is called

A)structured leadership.
B)production-oriented leadership.
C)the initiating structure dimension of leadership.
D)the employee-orientation dimension of leadership.
E)the considerate dimension of leadership.

Question 9

One of the conclusions that can be drawn from the research on leadership is that ________ predict leadership emergence better than they predict leadership effectiveness.

A)behaviours
B)intelligence
C)emotions
D)traits
E)outcomes

Question 10

Emotional intelligence (EI)is ______________ for effective leadership.

A)incidental
B)not necessary
C)critical
D)predictable
E)empowering

Question 11

Ann is a leader who is strong on the initiating structure dimension of leadership.According to the Ohio State studies,this means she

A)ensures the mutual trust of team members.
B)shows respect for employees' ideas and solutions put forth by team members.
C)structures the roles of employees and the leader.
D)is concerned with the structural hierarchy of jobs and the employees' acceptance of such.
E)is concerned with the structure of the teams and accepting individual differences among team members.

Question 12

John Kotter of the Harvard Business School argues that

A)managers have poorer communication skills than leaders.
B)employees tend to like managers more than they like leaders.
C)managers are less honest in dealings with employees than leader.
D)managers promote stability and leaders press for change.
E)managers user more coercive power than leaders.

Question 13

Terry is considered to be a "born leader." He has been the captain of every sports team that he has ever been on.This supports which of the following theories?

A)behavioural theories
B)trait theories
C)Situational Leadership
D)Fiedler's contingency model
E)Theory X

Question 14

Chloe is a project leader in a newly founded company.The CEO is working out the long-term plans and has asked Chloe to communicate work expectations to members of her team.The CEO is ____________;and Chloe is ______________.

A)showing care for employees;performing her job as required.
B)creating a vision and mandate for the company;engaging in standard practices.
C)focusing on finding more customers;planning the task execution.
D)developing policies;developing procedures.
E)using legitimate power;showing compliance and commitment.

Question 15

There is fairly consistent evidence that leadership is related to

A)agreeableness.
B)extraversion.
C)training.
D)emotional intelligence.
E)conservatism.

Question 16

Studies support the ________ trait as being the most important trait for effectiveness as a leader.

A)extraversion
B)emotional stability
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness
E)openness to experience

Question 17

Leadership study focuses on two tasks:

A)creating an organization and taking care of employees.
B)getting day-to-day things done and inspiring others.
C)marketing products and services and making profits.
D)developing policies and procedures and making profits.
E)taking care of employees and making profits.

Question 18

Leaders who emphasize interpersonal relations are described in the University of Michigan studies as

A)employee-oriented.
B)initiating consideration.
C)country club leaders.
D)relationship-oriented.
E)team-oriented leaders.

Question 19

If the trait theory of leadership is valid,then it can be said that leaders are

A)goal-oriented.
B)born.
C)relationship-oriented.
D)employee-oriented.
E)trainable.

Question 20

Studies of leadership behaviour conducted at Ohio State University identified the ________ and ________ dimensions of leader behaviour.

A)achievement orientation;participation
B)middle-of-the-road;conservatism
C)consideration;initiating structure
D)laissez-faire;country club
E)team;authoritative

Question 21

According to the Fiedler contingency model,a leader who focuses on procedures is using the contingency dimension of

A)position power.
B)relationship building.
C)task structure.
D)production orientation.
E)consideration.

Question 22

SCENARIO 8-2
You have been given the opportunity to share your knowledge of the path-goal theory of leadership with a group of managers.You begin by explaining that an important component of path-goal theory is the contribution of contingency factors,which control for the effectiveness of one leadership behaviour versus another.These contingency factors are organized into two groups: subordinate and environmental.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-2,once you have finished explaining the importance and meaning of the subordinate contingency factors,you begin to explain the implications of environmental contingency factors.Which of the following would constitute an environmental contingency factor?

A)age
B)task structure
C)individual reward
D)gender
E)experience

Question 23

SCENARIO 8-1
Bill manages a group of sales people using the Situational Leadership model.His newest sales representative,Andrea,is willing and eager to sell,but she is inexperienced and doesn't really know what she is supposed to do.Another new sales representative,Jack,has sales experience.He is excited about this new opportunity,is very familiar with the product line,and knows the sales territory fairly well.As one of Bill's experienced long-time sales representatives,Carol knows the product line very well,but personal matters are weighing heavily on her and negatively affecting her work.Unfortunately,Bill had to hire the boss's son a few weeks ago.The young man doesn't have any experience and isn't interested in either the products or sales.He is there just to collect his pay and socialize with other employees.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-1,according to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory,Bill's leadership style with Andrea should be

A)selling.
B)telling.
C)participating.
D)delegating.
E)managing.

Question 24

Predicting leadership success is complex and should take into consideration the

A)personality of the leader.
B)ability to create a vision for the company.
C)situational factors.
D)specific behaviours of leaders.
E)characteristics of the organization.

Question 25

Using the Fiedler contingency model,a leader who uses ________ influences variables such as hiring,firing,and promotions.

A)position power
B)empathy
C)consideration
D)employee orientation
E)company policy

Question 26

________ is a contingency dimension included in Fiedler's contingency model of leadership.

A)Leader participation
B)Position power
C)The servant leader focus
D)The skills of the followers
E)A futuristic focus

Question 27

SCENARIO 8-1
Bill manages a group of sales people using the Situational Leadership model.His newest sales representative,Andrea,is willing and eager to sell,but she is inexperienced and doesn't really know what she is supposed to do.Another new sales representative,Jack,has sales experience.He is excited about this new opportunity,is very familiar with the product line,and knows the sales territory fairly well.As one of Bill's experienced long-time sales representatives,Carol knows the product line very well,but personal matters are weighing heavily on her and negatively affecting her work.Unfortunately,Bill had to hire the boss's son a few weeks ago.The young man doesn't have any experience and isn't interested in either the products or sales.He is there just to collect his pay and socialize with other employees.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-1,unfortunately Bill can't fire the boss's son,so according to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory,Bill's leadership style with the young man should be

A)telling.
B)managing.
C)participating.
D)delegating.
E)selling.

Question 28

Freida is a problem employee;she is able to do her job,but on many days is unwilling to do so in the competent manner she is capable of.Based on Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory,Freida's manager should use a ________ style of leadership to improve Freida's attitude and increase her motivation.

A)participative
B)authoritative
C)telling
D)selling
E)delegating

Question 29

Situational or contingency theories of leadership consider

A)the leader's ability to empower people.
B)the leader's legitimate power position.
C)the quality of leader-member relations.
D)the leader's personality characteristics.
E)the leader's day to day management skills.

Question 30

SCENARIO 8-2
You have been given the opportunity to share your knowledge of the path-goal theory of leadership with a group of managers.You begin by explaining that an important component of path-goal theory is the contribution of contingency factors,which control for the effectiveness of one leadership behaviour versus another.These contingency factors are organized into two groups: subordinate and environmental.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-2,the theory proposes guidelines for leaders to be effective.These include

A)letting employees know what they need to do to receive rewards.
B)being directive and setting goals.
C)allowing employees to set their own goals.
D)empowering employees as much as possible.
E)focusing on production orientation.

Question 31

________ propose(s)that the role of the leader is to assist the follower in establishing goals that are ________ the organization's goals,and then ensure that the follower attains these goals.

A)The Michigan studies;supportive of
B)The Ohio State studies;congruent with
C)The Fiedler contingency model;compatible with
D)Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory;different than
E)Path-goal theory;compatible with

Question 32

The path-goal theory of leadership proposes two types of contingency variables,one of which is

A)the personality or the leader.
B)a choice between production orientation and employee orientation.
C)the environmental variables that are outside the control of the employee.
D)that there is less control by managers.
E)that goals should be different for managers and employees.

Question 33

SCENARIO 8-1
Bill manages a group of sales people using the Situational Leadership model.His newest sales representative,Andrea,is willing and eager to sell,but she is inexperienced and doesn't really know what she is supposed to do.Another new sales representative,Jack,has sales experience.He is excited about this new opportunity,is very familiar with the product line,and knows the sales territory fairly well.As one of Bill's experienced long-time sales representatives,Carol knows the product line very well,but personal matters are weighing heavily on her and negatively affecting her work.Unfortunately,Bill had to hire the boss's son a few weeks ago.The young man doesn't have any experience and isn't interested in either the products or sales.He is there just to collect his pay and socialize with other employees.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-1,according to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory,Bill's leadership style with Carol should be

A)telling.
B)delegating.
C)filtering.
D)participating.
E)selling.

Question 34

SCENARIO 8-1
Bill manages a group of sales people using the Situational Leadership model.His newest sales representative,Andrea,is willing and eager to sell,but she is inexperienced and doesn't really know what she is supposed to do.Another new sales representative,Jack,has sales experience.He is excited about this new opportunity,is very familiar with the product line,and knows the sales territory fairly well.As one of Bill's experienced long-time sales representatives,Carol knows the product line very well,but personal matters are weighing heavily on her and negatively affecting her work.Unfortunately,Bill had to hire the boss's son a few weeks ago.The young man doesn't have any experience and isn't interested in either the products or sales.He is there just to collect his pay and socialize with other employees.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-1,according to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership theory,Bill's leadership style with Jack should be

A)delegating.
B)selling.
C)telling.
D)participating.
E)managing.

Question 35

Tamir approaches all of his employees by providing them with specific guidance and by establishing work schedules and rules for them.According to path-goal theory,Tamir uses

A)a directive style of leadership.
B)an achievement style of leadership.
C)a participative style of leadership.
D)a supportive style of leadership.
E)a charismatic style of leadership.

Question 36

SCENARIO 8-2
You have been given the opportunity to share your knowledge of the path-goal theory of leadership with a group of managers.You begin by explaining that an important component of path-goal theory is the contribution of contingency factors,which control for the effectiveness of one leadership behaviour versus another.These contingency factors are organized into two groups: subordinate and environmental.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-2,as you continue your presentation,you explain the importance of subordinate contingency factors in order to determine the ideal leader behaviour.Which of the following would serve as a subordinate contingency factor?

A)age
B)gender
C)cultural values
D)personality
E)experience

Question 37

Elliott is a team leader who consults with employees and uses their suggestions before making a decision.According to path-goal theory,Elliott is

A)a supportive leader.
B)a participative leader.
C)an achievement oriented leader.
D)a charismatic leader.
E)a directive leader.

Question 38

SCENARIO 8-2
You have been given the opportunity to share your knowledge of the path-goal theory of leadership with a group of managers.You begin by explaining that an important component of path-goal theory is the contribution of contingency factors,which control for the effectiveness of one leadership behaviour versus another.These contingency factors are organized into two groups: subordinate and environmental.


-Referring to SCENARIO 8-2,as you conclude your presentation,one manager asks,"What is likely to be positively influenced when the leader compensates for things lacking in either the employee or the work setting?"

A)motivation and respect for the leader
B)performance and satisfaction
C)compliance and commitment
D)personal growth and well-being
E)cohesiveness and productive norms

Question 39

Taylor always seems to perform best in situations where she is in complete control.According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership,she is a ________ leader.

A)relationship-oriented
B)production-oriented
C)employee-oriented
D)team-building
E)task-oriented

Question 40

If the organization you work for is seeking a leader who will set challenging goals and seek improvements in performance,according to path-goal theory,it is looking for a person who demonstrates ________ leadership behaviour.

A)achievement-oriented
B)participative
C)supportive
D)charismatic
E)directive

Question 41

According to your text,which of the following situations is considered a substitute for both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership?

A)people working in cohesive work groups
B)individuals who are indifferent to rewards
C)having rigid rules and procedures to guide behaviours
D)having goals that are explicit and formalized
E)jobs that are highly structured

Question 42

June is a team leader who engages in unconventional behaviour to demonstrate her convictions about the company's vision.June is a

A)transcendent leader.
B)transformational leader.
C)transactional leader.
D)charismatic leader.
E)production oriented leader.

Question 43

The leadership behaviours identified by path-goal theory are

A)participative,goal-oriented,and supportive.
B)achievement-oriented,and charismatic.
C)supportive,directive,participative,and achievement-oriented.
D)participative,goal-oriented,and directive.
E)supportive and achievement-oriented.

Question 44

Mary must make a decision whose success depends heavily on her employees buying into it.Thus,she consulted her staff and considered their suggestions before making the decision.According to path-goal theory,she is a ________ leader.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented
E)charismatic

Question 45

Every time his staff comes out of a department meeting with him,they feel energized by the powerful imagery Jacques uses to describe his vision for the organization.Jacques is likely a(n)________ leader.

A)transactional
B)employee-oriented
C)visionary
D)transformational
E)superior

Question 46

According to Hersey and Blanchard,the most effective leadership behaviour depends on

A)the personality of the leader.
B)a follower's ability and motivation.
C)the personality of the follower.
D)organizational culture.
E)the skills and abilities of the leader.

Question 47

The type of leader who guides or motivates followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements is called a(n)

A)transactional leader.
B)charismatic leader.
C)transformational leader.
D)level 5 leader.
E)inspirational leader.

Question 48

According to path-goal theory,leaders should follow three guidelines to be effective leaders.One of these guidelines includes

A)always being supportive.
B)always being future oriented.
C)rewarding individuals according to the profits they generate.
D)being charismatic at all times.
E)determining the outcomes that subordinates desire.

Question 49

Leaders are irrelevant and not needed according to

A)the path-goal theory of leadership.
B)the substitute theory of leadership.
C)situational theories of leadership.
D)transactional theories.
E)Hersey and Blanchard's theory of leadership.

Question 50

A research study focusing on employees' impression of their leaders found that

A)charismatic leaders increased employees' sense of belonging and willingness to engage in helping.
B)all companies who had transactional leaders were more profitable than those who did not.
C)the most popular type of leader was the autocratic leader,as under this leader,followers never doubted their jobs and required work performance.
D)transactional leadership correlates more strongly than transformational leadership with lower turnover rates.
E)transactional leaders are more promotable than transformational leaders because their performance is measured by objective means and,consequently,accomplishments are recognized.

Question 51

________ leaders have individual capability,team skills,managerial competence,the ability to stimulate others to high performance,and a blend of personal humility and professional will.

A)Transactional
B)Transformational
C)Authoritarian
D)Charismatic
E)Level 5

Question 52

Organizational characteristics such as explicit goals and rigid rules can

A)replace formal leadership.
B)lead to poor organizational performance.
C)boost employee efficiency.
D)lead to higher profits.
E)promote employee empowerment.

Question 53

Fiedler proposes that there are two ways to improve leader effectiveness.One of these is to

A)train leaders in leadership skills.
B)be more directive than supportive.
C)change the leader to fit the situation.
D)analyze the situation more carefully.
E)empower employees whenever possible.

Question 54

Effective team leaders need to learn skills such as

A)strategic planning.
B)task delegation.
C)creating a virtual workplace.
D)willingness to trust others.
E)selective perception.

Question 55

Tina is a leader who is well liked by her employees.In terms of leadership style,she follows ________: she lets followers know what is expected of them,shows concern for their needs,consults with them and uses their suggestions,but sets challenging goals and expects employees to perform at the highest level.

A)Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership
B)trait theory
C)Fiedler's contingency model
D)path-goal theory
E)behavioural theories

Question 56

Maxwell is a leader who inspires his followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the organization and is capable of having a profound effect on them.Maxwell is a

A)transcendent leader.
B)transformational leader.
C)transactional leader.
D)charismatic leader.
E)inspirational leader.

Question 57

Transformational leaders

A)give rewards in exchange for good work.
B)intervene if standards are not met.
C)communicate high expectations.
D)look for deviations from standards.
E)take corrective action when needed.

Question 58

Graham,a young entrepreneur,often talks about a remarkable vision that is built upon a strong sense of mission and commitment to his followers.He is willing to take risks for the company.His followers are proud of their work,and he is highly respected and trusted.Graham is a(n)________ leader.

A)inspirational
B)situational
C)transformational
D)visionary
E)charismatic

Question 59

According to the path-goal theory of leadership,________ leadership leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)charismatic
D)achievement-oriented
E)participative

Question 60

Tom is the new CEO,and one of the main reasons he was hired was that he has the ability to inspire followers during times of great change.Tom is likely a

A)transactional leader.
B)charismatic leader.
C)visionary leader.
D)exceptional leader.
E)change leader.

Question 61

TRS Ltd.employs many telecommuters,contracts out much of its work,and has offices globally.TRS Ltd.faces the challenge of ________ leadership.

A)new
B)partnered
C)online
D)empowered
E)interpersonal

Question 62

Unethical leaders use their charisma to enhance power over followers.

Question 63

The trend in today's workplaces is to use leadership that stresses symbolic and emotionally appealing leadership such as charismatic and transformational behaviours.

Question 64

You have just been assigned to work in a new area,and your new boss is a woman.According to your text,you should expect your new boss to rely on a more ________ style of management than your former boss,who was a man.

A)futuristic
B)authoritative
C)directive
D)democratic
E)competitive

Question 65

If behavioural theories of leadership are valid,then individuals can be trained to be leaders.

Question 66

Kerri often asks employees to provide input on decisions that will affect them.Pete,her predecessor,always made decisions by himself without consulting staff.This example confirms research that shows that female leaders are more ________ than male leaders.

A)intelligent
B)democratic
C)authoritative
D)directive
E)competitive

Question 67

Charismatic leaders who can articulate an appealing vision do not need to worry about creating a vision statement.

Question 68

Elaine is considered to be a trustworthy boss by her staff.She knows who she is,knows what she believes in,and values.She acts on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.Elaine is likely a(n)________ leader.

A)charismatic
B)transactional
C)visionary
D)fearless
E)authentic

Question 69

One implication of the trait theories of leadership is that leaders are born rather than made.

Question 70

Donald has befriended Ron,a new employee in his department.Donald has provided Ron with advice on how to survive and get ahead in the organization and has acted as a sounding board for ideas that Ron had been hesitant to share with their boss.Donald is serving as a ________ to Ron.

A)manager
B)leader
C)protégé
D)mentor
E)visionary

Question 71

The difference between a leader and a manager is that leaders rely on control strategies to get things done.

Question 72

Transactional leaders change followers' awareness of issues by helping them look at old problems in new ways,and they are able to excite,arouse,and inspire followers to exert extra effort to achieve group goals.

Question 73

Recent studies indicate that the trait of emotional intelligence,which was once considered a factor in the emergence of a leader,is in fact not relevant in today's global workplace because of the emphasis on efficiency.

Question 74

Contingency models of leadership suggest that there is not one best style of leadership.

Question 75

Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future;then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

Question 76

The path-goal theory of leadership integrates the equity theory of motivation.

Question 77

According to path-goal theory,a leader's behaviour is motivational when it not only makes subordinate need satisfaction contingent on effective performance,but also when it provides the coaching,support,and rewards necessary for achievement of that performance.

Question 78

The discussion in the text on substitutes for leadership indicates that leaders are essential in all situations.

Question 79

One study that contrasted visionary and nonvisionary companies found that visionary companies outperformed nonvisionary companies by six times.

Question 80

The situational or contingency theories of leadership suggest that every leader can lead effectively in any situation.