Deck 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

The smallest unit of matter is the

A)molecule.
B)atom.
C)compound.
D)isotope.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If the atomic number of an element is 27 and the mass number is 60,how many neutrons does the atom have?

A)27
B)33
C)87
D)60

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If the atomic number of an element is 9 and the mass number is 19,how many neutrons does the atom have?

A)10
B)9
C)19
D)28

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The number of protons in an atom is called the

A)atomic number.
B)atomic weight.
C)mass number.
D)combining weight.

Question 5

The positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom are

A)neutrons.
B)electrons.
C)protons.
D)isotopes.

Question 6

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31.How many protons,neutrons,and electrons does an atom of the element phosphorus have?

Question 7

The atomic mass of a proton is

A)0 atomic mass units.
B)2 atomic mass units.
C)1 atomic mass units.
D)-1 atomic mass units.

Question 8

Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom?

A)Neutron
B)Proton
C)Electron
D)Prion

Question 9

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom will determine the chemical activity of the atom.

Question 10

Atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outermost shell contains _____ electrons.

A)10
B)1
C)8
D)6

Question 11

Exactly 6.02 x 10²³ atoms of any element is called 1 ____ of that element.

A)atomic mass unit
B)isotope
C)mole
D)mouse

Question 12

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical activity of an atom?

A)Neutron
B)Proton
C)Electron
D)Prion

Question 13

What makes an isotope radioactive?

A)It has more protons than electrons.
B)It releases energy to become stable.
C)It releases hydrogen ions into solution.
D)It breaks down into hydrogen and electrons.

Question 14

Describe each of the three subatomic particles with regard to charge,weight,and location in an atom.

Question 15

An element is any substance that contains one type of

A)molecule.
B)isotope.
C)atom.
D)proton.

Question 16

Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

A)Protons and electrons
B)Electrons and neutrons
C)Protons and shells
D)Neutrons and protons

Question 17

Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,chlorine,and hydrogen.
Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and hydrogen.

Question 18

All radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.
Some radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.

Question 19

Different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called

A)molecules.
B)compounds.
C)isotopes.
D)lattices.

Question 20

Low levels of radiation are commonly used to

A)sterilize dental products.
B)destroy cancer cells.
C)produce images of body parts.
D)All apply.

Question 21

The most abundant molecule in living organisms is

A)water.
B)glucose.
C)oxygen.
D)ammonia.

Question 22

A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(n)______ bond.

A)covalent
B)hydrogen
C)ionic
D)metallic

Question 23

Molecules form from

A)the shape of the individual atoms.
B)the attraction between electrons.
C)the sharing of electrons.
D)a drive toward solubility.

Question 24

The ability of water molecules to cling to each other is _________,while the ability to cling to other surfaces is ___________.

A)cohesion;adhesion
B)dissolving;vaporization
C)adhesion;cohesion
D)cohesion;dissolving

Question 25

Substances that are water-loving are called

A)hydrophilic.
B)hydrophobic.
C)hydrophoriC.
D)hydrochromic.

Question 26

When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom,a(n)___________ covalent bond is formed.

A)polar
B)nonpolar
C)ionic
D)metallic

Question 27

A molecule made of two or more different atoms bonded together is called a(n)

A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)atom.
D)compounD.

Question 28

Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to the characteristics of the water molecule.

Question 29

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms a ______ bond is formed.

A)single covalent
B)double covalent
C)triple covalent
D)double ionic

Question 30

The attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative oxygen of another molecule describes a(n)________ bond.

A)hydrogen
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)ionic

Question 31

An ion is an atom or molecule that

A)is in a gaseous state.
B)carries an electrical charge.
C)is attracted to a north-seeking pole.
D)forms a visible glow.

Question 32

The ability of water to absorb large amounts of heat energy without changing its temperature is a

A)low specific heat capacity.
B)low heat of vaporization.
C)high specific heat capacity.
D)high heat of vaporization.

Question 33

An atom or group of atoms with a charge is called a(n)

A)molecule.
B)isotope.
C)compound.
D)ion.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

A)The ability to cling to other water molecules,yet flow.
B)The ability to facilitate chemical reactions.
C)The ability to insulate the body from temperature extremes.
D)The ability to dissolve nonpolar,hydrophobic molecules.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

A)High heat capacity
B)Low heat of vaporization
C)Solvent for polar and ionic compounds
D)Cohesiveness

Question 36

A bond created from the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions is a(n)______ bond.

A)covalent
B)hydrogen
C)ionic
D)metallic

Question 37

High levels of radiation are NOT used

A)to sterilize medical equipment.
B)to kill cancer cells.
C)as tracers to detect molecular changes.
D)to sterilize from anthrax.

Question 38

Compounds that form ions when put into water are called

A)mixtures.
B)solvents.
C)electrolytes.
D)suspensions.

Question 39

Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit are called

A)molecules.
B)ions.
C)radioisotopes.
D)buffers.

Question 40

Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.

Question 41

The pH of the blood is slightly basic.Which of the following describes this pH?

A)6.4
B)12.6
C)4.7
D)7.4

Question 42

The removal of a water molecule during a reaction results in

A)breaking a bond.
B)forming an acid.
C)hydrolysis.
D)forming a bonD.

Question 43

A weak base will accept many hydrogen ions.
A strong base will accept many hydrogen ions.

Question 44

A pH of 5.5 would be considered

A)acidic.
B)basic.
C)neutral.

Question 45

A substance that dissociates in water,releasing hydrogen ions is a(n)

A)salt.
B)base.
C)protein.
D)aciD.

Question 46

The subunit molecules for proteins are

A)atoms.
B)amino acids.
C)enzymes.
D)polymers.

Question 47

Chemicals that help keep body fluids within a normal pH range are called

A)acids.
B)bases.
C)buffers.
D)salts.

Question 48

A pH of 7.0 would be considered

A)acidic.
B)basic.
C)neutral.

Question 49

Hydrochloric acid is considered a strong acid because it

A)produces very few hydrogen ions in water.
B)produces many hydroxide ions in water.
C)produces many hydrogen ions in water.
D)dissociates very little in water.

Question 50

The main monomer for carbohydrates is

A)sucrose.
B)nucleic acids.
C)glucose.
D)amino acids.

Question 51

The subunit building block of nucleic acids is the

A)monosaccharide.
B)nucleotide.
C)amino acid.
D)fatty aciD.

Question 52

List the four macromolecules found in cells.

Question 53

Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms.

A)water
B)carbon
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen

Question 54

A substance that can take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions in water is a(n)

A)salt.
B)base.
C)protein.
D)aciD.

Question 55

The addition of water in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is a ________ reaction.

A)dehydration
B)hydrolysis
C)exchange
D)neutralization

Question 56

What monomer is NOT correctly matched with its macromolecule?

A)carbohydrates - glucose
B)lipids - glycerol and citric acids
C)proteins - amino acids
D)nucleic acids - nucleotides

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule group found in cells?

A)Proteins
B)Organic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Nucleic acids

Question 58

The lower the pH,

A)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration.
B)the more acidic the solution.
C)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration and the more acidic the solution.
D)the greater the hydroxide ion concentration.
E)the more basic the solution and the greater the hydroxide ion concentration.

Question 59

Which arrow in the following equation represents dehydration?

A)Arrow 1
B)Arrow 2

Question 60

The main function of carbohydrates is to provide

A)cellular energy.
B)insulation.
C)transport molecules.
D)hereditary information.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A)They form structural components such as collagen.
B)They form many hormones.
C)They form actin and myosin needed for muscular movement.
D)They form important energy molecules.

Question 62

Fats are usually liquid at room temperature and oils are solids.
Fats are usually solid at room temperature and oils are liquid.

Question 63

If you need quick energy,would you eat foods high in carbohydrates,fats,or proteins? Why?

Question 64

Glycogen is

A)a monosaccharide used for quick energy.
B)a protein found in cell membranes.
C)a polysaccharide used as stored energy in animals.
D)a fat found in margarine.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

A)Glucose
B)Fructose
C)Sucrose
D)Galactose

Question 66

Which of the following contains glucose?

A)Protein
B)Fat
C)Nucleic acid
D)Starch

Question 67

The lipid molecules that are the main component of cell membranes are

A)steroids.
B)triglycerides.
C)phospholipids.
D)prostaglandins.

Question 68

Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds,the fat is considered

A)saturated.
B)unsaturated.
C)emulsified.
D)synthesizeD.

Question 69

Organic compounds that are always insoluble in water are called

A)sugars.
B)lipids.
C)nucleotides.
D)proteins.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

A)Long-term energy storage
B)Formation of antibodies
C)Formation of cell membranes
D)Formation of sex hormones

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A)They form enzymes to speed up reactions.
B)They form the backbone of cell membranes.
C)They form hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood.
D)They form antibodies to protect the body from disease.

Question 72

How many different amino acids compose all human polypeptides (proteins)?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 73

The process that allows fats to mix with water,particularly so digestion can occur is called

A)hydrolysis.
B)degradation.
C)dehydration.
D)emulsification.

Question 74

The coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain is the ________ structure of a protein.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)Maltose
B)Galactose
C)Lactose
D)Sucrose

Question 76

What makes a phospholipid different from a fat?

A)Fats are neutral while phospholipids are ionized.
B)Fats are solid while phospholiopids are liquid.
C)Fats are ionized while phospholipids are neutral.
D)Fats are basic while phospholipids are acidic.

Question 77

Which of the following is the main component of fiber in our diet?

A)Glycogen
B)Protein
C)Cellulose
D)Starch

Question 78

Steroids differ in structure from other lipids in that they have a backbone of

A)four fused carbon rings.
B)branched chains of carbons.
C)saturated carbon chains.
D)unsaturated carbon chains.

Question 79

The sequence of amino acids makes up the ______ structure of a protein.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary

Question 80

A monosaccharide of five carbons is a

A)hexose sugar.
B)glycerol.
C)fatty acid.
D)pentose sugar.