Deck 11: Delivering Health Care

Question 1

The idea behind ________ is that in any society, morality demands that people receive what they are due (what is fair).

A) natural law theory
B) the ethics of care
C) distributive justice
D) procedural justice

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Louisa is an egalitarian about health care, which means she thinks citizens have only negative rights, not positive rights, to health care.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Affordable Care Act includes a requirement that health insurance plans cover certain preventive care, such as immunizations, preventive care for children, and specified health screening tests for adults.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Medical treatment, disease prevention, emergency care, and public health measures are collectively referred to by the term

A) health care.
B) fiduciary care.
C) Medicare.
D) managed care.

Question 5

The fundamental moral issue involved in the health care debate is justice, which is about persons getting what is fair or what is their due. One of the ways we can ensure justice in health care is to preserve the principle that requires that equals be treated equally unless there is a morally relevant reason for treating them differently. This principle is called

A) egalitarianism.
B) the greatest happiness principle.
C) the means-ends principle.
D) impartiality.

Question 6

The philosopher who stresses the value of health care in terms of preserving and restoring "normal species functioning" is

A) John Rawls.
B) John Stuart Mill.
C) Norman Daniels.
D) Mary Ann Warren.

Question 7

The concept of an equal right to health care necessarily includes universal equal access to all care resources.

Question 8

The primary difference between libertarian and egalitarian theories of justice is that

A) libertarian theories hold that there are only negative rights, while egalitarian theories hold that positive rights exist.
B) libertarian theories hold that there are no negative rights, while egalitarian theories hold that there are only negative rights.
C) libertarian theories hold that health care is a universal, positive right, while egalitarian theories hold that health care is no right at all.
D) libertarian theories hold that it is impermissible to deny anyone health care, while egalitarian theories hold that it is permissible to deny people health care.

Question 9

In his book A Theory of Justice the philosopher John Rawls argues that people are entitled not to equal shares of the basic goods of society, but to an equal chance to acquire them. This aspect of his worldview is called

A) equality of opportunity.
B) equal rights under the law.
C) equal benefits to all.
D) maximum equality to all.

Question 10

In debates about health coverage, some have tried to distinguish between healthy people who have lived their lives the "right way" and unhealthy people who have not taken proper care of themselves, referred to as the "undeserving sick," who do not deserve health care. Which of the following theories of justice is most likely to underlie this perspective?

A) the criminal theory of justice
B) the egalitarian theory of justice
C) the moderate theory of justice
D) the libertarian theory of justice

Question 11

Libertarians believe that, while people have a right not to be interfered with in their pursuit of health care, no member of that society has a right to demand any share of health care from that society, no matter how rich that society may be.

Question 12

Theories of justice that hold that people are entitled only to what they can freely acquire through their own legitimate efforts in a free market are called ________ theories.

A) socialist
B) egalitarian
C) liberal
D) libertarian

Question 13

Much of the health care in the United States is delivered through ________, a type of health insurance in which providers contract with an HMO, PPO, or POS to offer health care to a group of patients at discounted costs.

A) managed care
B) private insurance companies
C) telemedicine
D) subsidized insurance

Question 14

Despite having the most expensive health care system in the world, the United States ranks near the bottom when compared to other industrialized countries on measures of health system quality, efficiency, access to care, equity, and healthy lives, according to a recent report.

Question 15

Because managed care plans focus on costs and efficiency, some critics charge that this emphasis on business values could ultimately degrade the quality of care.

Question 16

The component of the Affordable Care Act called the individual mandate required that individuals have

A) two-tiered health insurance.
B) basic health insurance, with some exceptions.
C) basic health insurance, with no exceptions.
D) health savings accounts (HSA).

Question 17

The health insurance program supported jointly by the federal and individual state governments that covers low-income families, pregnant women, families and children, and people with disabilities is named

A) Social Security.
B) Medicare.
C) Medicaid.
D) Home Health Care.

Question 18

Positive rights are those that only obligate others not to interfere with a person's obtaining something.

Question 19

While the Affordable Care Act aimed at providing solutions to the problems of lack of health insurance coverage among millions of Americans and the seemingly unstoppable rise in health care costs, Obamacare was intended to fix minor problems in health care.

Question 20

The debate over delivering health care is primarily about the morality of individual actions and decisions.

Question 21

________ concerns the fair distribution of a society's benefits and burdens, such as taxes, jobs, income, government services, social obligations, property, and rights.

Question 22

________ is a federally funded insurance program that covers people sixty-five and older, some adults under sixty-five with disabilities, and people with end-stage kidney disease.

Question 23

In the American health care system, those who don't have the money to pay for health care, even those with serious illnesses or injuries, often get no medical care at all because of escalating costs.

Question 24

As an alternative to thinking of equal rights to health care as requiring universal equal access to all available health care resources, some people have suggested that every person has only a weaker right to a ________ of health care, in which basic, necessary care is provided to everyone.

Question 25

The fundamental moral issue involved in the health care debate is ________, which is about persons getting what is fair or what is their due.