Deck 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

A gamma ray is a high energy photon.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Radioactive particles can pass through matter.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Antoine-Henri Becquerel discovered X-rays.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When an atom emits a beta particle,its atomic number increases by one because it now has one additional proton.

Question 5

Nuclear equations do not need to be balanced since a new element forms.

Question 6

All elements with atomic numbers above bismuth are naturally radioactive.

Question 7

During beta decay,neutrons are converted to protons and electrons.

Question 8

When an atom emits an alpha particle,it becomes a different element.

Question 9

A gamma ray has no charge and no mass.

Question 10

Radioactivity is the emission of tiny,invisible radio signals by the nuclei of certain atoms.

Question 11

A nuclear reaction typically changes the identity of the element involved.

Question 12

A beta particle can also be called an electron.

Question 13

A positron particle comes from the decay of a proton into a neutron and a positron.

Question 14

Radioactive elements become stable isotopes after emitting one of the radioactive particles

Question 15

Madam Curie discovered two new elements.

Question 16

In a Geiger-Muller counter,radioactive particles pass through NaI which emits UV-Vis light.

Question 17

F contains 11 protons and 9 neutrons.

Question 18

Alpha particles have lower penetrating power than the other types of radioactive emissions..

Question 19

The alpha particle (α)is:
He.

Question 20

The symbol for a positron is
e.

Question 21

All unstable elements have the same rates of radioactive decay.

Question 22

Uranium-235 is capable of undergoing a fission chain reaction.

Question 23

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier one is known as nuclear fission.

Question 24

Nuclear fission reactions produce ten times more energy per gram than fusion reactions.

Question 25

The reaction
H +
H →
He +
neutron is an example of nuclear fission.

Question 26

Nuclear power plants produce energy by fission reactions.

Question 27

The effort to build an atomic bomb during WWII was prompted by a fear that Germany was already working on nuclear weapons.

Question 28

The hydrogen isotope known as tritium contains three neutrons.

Question 29

Exposure to nuclear radioactivity can produce genetic defects in offspring.

Question 30

C-14 dating has been verified using old iron ore samples of known age.

Question 31

One danger of a nuclear power plant is that a chain reaction could produce a bomb.

Question 32

Nuclides that decay slowly have long half-lives.

Question 33

Phosphorous-32 has a half-life of 14.3 days while radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days,so phosphorous-32 is considered more active.

Question 34

A major natural source of radiation is due to the radon gas in our environment.

Question 35

Carbon-14 dating is not dependable when attempting to date objects that are more than 50,000 years old.

Question 36

The energy of the sun comes from fusion reactions.

Question 37

Carbon-14 dating is based on the fact that C-14 is continuously being made in the upper atmosphere.

Question 38

During the first half-life you lose half of the radioactive material,during the second half life you lose the remaining half.

Question 39

A fusion reaction emits large amounts of energy while a fission reaction absorbs large amounts of energy.

Question 40

A nuclide with a shorter half-life would be considered more active than a nuclide with a longer half-life.

Question 41

During the career of Marie Curie,she:

A)won a Nobel prize in chemistry.
B)won a Nobel prize in physics.
C)discovered the element polonium.
D)discovered the element radium.
E)all of the above

Question 42

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 43

One method of nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes to scan specific regions of the body.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about beta particles is FALSE?

A)The symbol is:
E.
B)Beta particles are created when neutrons become protons and electrons.
C)They have intermediate ionizing power.
D)They have intermediate penetrating power.
E)They are a safe form of radioactivity.

Question 45

What is the main product when
Pa undergoes alpha decay?

A)
Pu
B)
Ac
C)
Ac
D)
Ac
E)none of the above

Question 46

Which of the following isotopes contains the most number of neutrons?

A)
Rn
B)
Bi
C)
Fr
D)
Po
E)
Rn

Question 47

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits an alpha particle?

A)It remains the same.
B)It decreases by two.
C)It decreases by four.
D)It increases by two.
E)It increases by four.

Question 48

The first experiment that converted one element to another was performed in 1919 by Ernest Rutherford.An isotope of nitrogen was bombarded with a type of particle to get an oxygen atom as shown:
N + ? →
O +
H
Which type of particle was used to bombard the nitrogen atom?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)positron
D)gamma
E)none of the above

Question 49

If the
Th isotope emits an alpha particle,what would be the atomic number of the
Resulting atom?

A)90
B)88
C)92
D)228
E)236

Question 50

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 51

How many protons and neutrons are in
U?

A)92 p and 235 n
B)92 n and 235 p
C)92 n and 143 p
D)92 p and 143 n
E)none of the above

Question 52

What is the main product when
U undergoes alpha decay?

A)
Am
B)
Th
C)
U
D)
Th
E)none of the above

Question 53

How many protons and neutrons are in
S?

A)16 p and 34 n
B)16 n and 34 p
C)16 n and 18 p
D)16 p and 18 n
E)none of the above

Question 54

A patient having radiotherapy uses radioactivity to kill infected cells while trying to minimize the effect on the healthy cells.

Question 55

Radioactive elements are used for:

A)medical diagnosis.
B)medical treatment.
C)determining age of fossils and rocks.
D)generating electricity.
E)all of the above

Question 56

How many protons and neutrons are in
Sn?

A)50 p and 169 n
B)50 n and 69 p
C)50 n and 119 p
D)50 p and 69 n
E)none of the above

Question 57

Which statement about alpha particles is FALSE?

A)symbol is:
He
B)has high ionization power
C)has low penetrating power
D)are a harmless form of radiation
E)All of the above are true.

Question 58

Who discovered radioactivity?

A)Antoine Becquerel
B)Pierre Curie
C)Marie Curie
D)Ernest Rutherford
E)Benjamin Franklin

Question 59

How was radioactivity discovered?

A)Rutherford was investigating the structure of Au atoms and discovered alpha particles.
B)Marie Curie was investigating the existence of uranic rays that occurred in some minerals.
C)Becquerel was studying X-rays and phosphorescence to see if they were related.
D)Benjamin Franklin was studying the creation of electrical current from the ionization of gases due to radioactive particles.
E)none of the above

Question 60

In a nuclear equation:

A)the daughter nuclide appears on the right-side of the arrow.
B)the sum of the atomic numbers on both sides must be equal.
C)the sum of the mass numbers on both sides must be equal.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a type of radioactive emission?

A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)gamma rays
D)positrons
E)All of the above are types of radioactive emissions.

Question 62

Which type of emission has a negative charge?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)positron
D)gamma
E)none of the above

Question 63

A Geiger-Muller counter detects radioactivity by:

A)developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles.
B)emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal.
C)ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal.
D)analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle.
E)none of the above

Question 64

Which statement about positron emission is FALSE?

A)occurs when a proton is converted into a neutron and a positron
B)symbol is:
E
C)occurs with alpha and beta decay
D)alternative symbol is β⁺
E)All of the above are true.

Question 65

Which of the following types of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

A)alpha particles
B)beta particles
C)gamma rays
D)positrons
E)none of the above

Question 66

Which of the following nuclides will undergo beta decay to produce
Am?

A)
Bk
B)
Np
C)
Pu
D)
Cm
E)none of the above

Question 67

What happens to the atomic number of a nucleus that emits a beta particle?

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 68

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 69

The emitted particle with the mass of an electron but carrying a 1+ charge is named the:

A)proton.
B)proelectron.
C)positron.
D)plusion.
E)none of the above

Question 70

Radon-219 decays to radon-218 by releasing:

A)
E.
B)gamma rays.
C)
N.
D)
E.
E)none of the above

Question 71

What is the main product when
U undergoes beta decay?

A)
Th
B)
Np
C)
Pa
D)
Th
E)none of the above

Question 72

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits a positron?

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 73

A scintillation counter detects radioactivity by:

A)developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles.
B)emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal.
C)ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal.
D)analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle.
E)none of the above

Question 74

What is the main product when
Bk emits a gamma ray?

A)
Bk
B)
Am
C)
Cm
D)
Cf
E)none of the above

Question 75

Which statement about gamma radiation is FALSE?

A)The symbol is:
Γ.
B)They have low ionization energy.
C)They have high penetrating power.
D)They are high energy photons.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 76

How does the emission of a gamma particle effect the radioactive atom?

A)The atom has a lower amount of energy.
B)The atomic number decreases.
C)The atomic mass increases.
D)The atom gains energy for further radioactive particle emission.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 77

What is the main product when
Th undergoes beta decay?

A)
Ra
B)
Ac
C)
Pa
D)
Th
E)none of the above

Question 78

What happens to the atomic number of a nucleus that emits a positron?

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 79

What type of radioactive decay produces a daughter nuclide that is the same element as the parent nuclide?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)none of the above

Question 80

Which type of particle can be emitted by an unstable nucleus?

A)
He
B)
E
C)
E
D)all of the above
E)none of the above