Deck 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development

Question 1

Dependency theory focuses on internal characteristics of underdeveloped countries.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

State policy is critically associated with national economic growth.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Most things you buy connect you to a global commodity chain.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Over the last 30 years, world population and the number of international tourists have grown at about the same rate.

Question 5

Theorists who claim that globalization is merely 30 years old tend to overestimate its extent.

Question 6

Modernization theory focuses on internal characteristics of underdeveloped countries.

Question 7

When analysts state that globalization actually sharpens some local differences, they use the term glocalization.

Question 8

Japanese colonialism, in contrast to European colonialism, failed to establish manufacturing facilities, transportation networks, and communication systems in its colonies.

Question 9

Canadian aid to undeveloped countries is at a level less than half of that recommended by the Canadian prime minister Lester Pearson.

Question 10

McDonald's still does most of its business in the United States.

Question 11

Neoliberalism believes that state-run economies are the best way to achieve economic growth.

Question 12

Technology is the necessary and sufficient cause of globalization.

Question 13

A common short-hand expression for the homogenizing effects of globalization is "McDonaldization."

Question 14

Emergence of a large middle class in India and China has moderated the global growth of inequality.

Question 15

Very few sociologists support the position that, since 1500, the wealthy countries of the world exploited the world's poor to enrich themselves.

Question 16

Substantial foreign investment in poor countries by wealthy countries seldom leads to significant economic growth.

Question 17

Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia all experienced "white settler colonization."

Question 18

Globalization proceeds through periods of acceleration and deceleration.

Question 19

With the development of transnational bodies and treaties, the autonomy of national governments has increased.

Question 20

The film Captain Phillips makes the point that piracy in the Indian Ocean began because local fisheries had been exhausted by foreign vessels.

Question 21

How does imperialism differ from colonialism?

A)It is based on political domination.
B)It is based on economic domination.
C)It is based on technological domination.
D)It is based on cultural domination.

Question 22

Which of the following has increased through the pursuit of higher profits?

A)modernization
B)globalization
C)dependency
D)colonialism

Question 23

In a class discussion about the homogenizing effects of globalization, Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants there are locally influenced differences in products and services.What concept is she supporting?

A)McDonaldization
B)glocalization
C)imperialism
D)regionalization

Question 24

With which of the following terms has the global transmission of American values and American business culture become synonymous?

A)McDonaldization
B)corporatization
C)commodification
D)globalization

Question 25

Modernization theory has strong intellectual ties to conflict theory.

Question 26

Liam is an activist who protests against the amount of wealth and power wielded by his nation over smaller nations.What is Liam protesting against?

A)glocalization
B)regionalization
C)imperialism
D)the global commodity chain

Question 27

The world's rich countries can help the world's poor countries achieve economic growth by cancelling their debt.

Question 28

Darius has just purchased a pair of designer jeans from a large multinational company.The fabric had been made in one foreign country and the jeans sewn in another, at low labour costs.What is Darius contributing to with his purchase?

A)McDonaldization
B)transnational commodification
C)the global commodity chain
D)cultural homogenization

Question 29

Which of the following refers to the domination of one nation's economy by another?

A)globalization
B)imperialism
C)homogenization
D)commodification

Question 30

On which of the following conditions for economic development does Canada compare unfavourably with South Korea?

A)state policy
B)geopolitical position
C)type of colonialism
D)hardworking population

Question 31

During which of the following periods were international trade and investment the lowest?

A)the late nineteenth century
B)between 1900 and 1914
C)between 1914 and 1945
D)after 1980

Question 32

Amnesty International is an organization promoting human rights worldwide.To which of the following aspects of globalization does this organization contribute?

A)localization
B)glocalization
C)regionalization
D)homogenization

Question 33

"The world seems a much smaller place today than it did 30 years ago" is a comment on globalization.

Question 34

Which of the following concepts could be employed in an argument against the idea that globalization is equivalent to homogenization?

A)global supply chain and commodification
B)glocalization and regionalization
C)international division of labour and international trade
D)productivity and rationalization

Question 35

Dependency theory has strong intellectual ties to conflict theory.

Question 36

The country where Tomaso lives has abundant natural resources, which are quickly being extracted and sold, and he and most people he knows work long hours for a small amount of money.What type of country does Tomaso live in?

A)a core capitalist country
B)a core peripheral country
C)a peripheral capitalist country
D)a semiperipheral capitalist country

Question 37

In which area of the world did the United States government use military intervention to resist land reform in order to protect U.S.commercial interests?

A)New Zealand and Tanzania
B)Taiwan and South Korea
C)South Africa
D)Latin America

Question 38

Since the mid-1970s, the Canadian government has reduced its spending on social programs like health care and education, decreased taxation on corporations, and instituted increased free trade with other nations.Which of the following policies is the Canadian government pursuing?

A)democratic globalization
B)neoliberal globalization
C)welfare state reform
D)capitalist enhancement

Question 39

Overall, technological progress is irrelevant to globalization.

Question 40

According to the textbook, when did globalization take off in an unprecedented way?

A)1960
B)1970
C)1980
D)1990

Question 41

Which of the following conclusions about the relative worth of human and animal life did a World Bank official reach on basis of government subsidies and international aid?

A)It is better to be a farm animal in Canada than a person in Africa.
B)It is better to be a farm animal in India than a person in Canada.
C)It is better to be a person in Africa than a person in India.
D)It is better to be a farm animal in Canada than a person in Canada.

Question 42

Sinead is part of a non-violent group of people concerned about the lack of public consultation and the secrecy surrounding the trade talks at the FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) meetings in Quebec City in April 2001.Which of the following tactics is Sinead's group most likely to engage in to protest?

A)breaking windows at McDonald's outlets
B)meeting at Starbucks to write letters to government officials
C)kidnapping high-ranking diplomats to exchange for information about the FTAA
D)organizing street theatre, music, and mass sit-ins at the FTAA talk site

Question 43

When you buy a pair of Nike shoes endorsed by Kobe Bryant, which of the following accounts for the largest share of the purchase price?

A)materials
B)workers' wages
C)workers' health benefits
D)Bryant's endorsement fee

Question 44

Which of the following regions have experienced opposing trends in inequality since the 1980s?

A)China and India
B)India and Brazil
C)sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil
D)China and sub-Saharan Africa

Question 45

Who defined the concept of McDonaldization?

A)Max Weber
B)Benjamin Barber
C)George Ritzer
D)Gordon Laxer

Question 46

What effect did colonization have on colonies?

A)It promoted industrialization.
B)It prevented industrialization.
C)It promoted democracy.
D)It prevented democracy.

Question 47

What does modernization theory focus on?

A)the internal characteristics of poor nations
B)the internal characteristics of rich nations
C)the internal characteristics of both rich and poor nations
D)the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 48

Which of the following is supported by the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank?

A)Canadian state policy
B)government intervention in the economy
C)the welfare state
D)neoliberal globalization

Question 49

Powerful corporations want stable political conditions in countries in which they invest.How have they mostly achieved this goal?

A)by supporting egalitarian governments
B)by supporting anti-egalitarian governments
C)by supporting democratic governments
D)by supporting authoritarian governments

Question 50

With which of the following theories are the policies of neoliberal globalization most consistent?

A)dependency theory
B)modernization theory
C)world systems theory
D)new international division of labour theory

Question 51

The film Captain Phillips depicts piracy in the Indian Ocean.According to the textbook, which of the following is one the main causes of piracy in this area?

A)class warfare
B)patriarchy
C)globalization
D)nationalism

Question 52

By how much did the world population increase between 1982 and 2012?

A)2 percent
B)12 percent
C)32 percent
D)52 percent

Question 53

What does dependency theory focus on?

A)the internal characteristics of poor nations
B)the internal characteristics of rich nations
C)the internal characteristics of both rich and poor nations
D)the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 54

What did Canadian companies whose clothing is made in Bangladesh do after the 2013 collapse of a factory in Dhaka?

A)adopted their own safety measures
B)joined an international safety accord
C)paid the workers' families off to silence them
D)supported tighter government safety regulations

Question 55

The richest 1 percent of the world's population today earns as much as what percentage of the world population?

A)11 percent
B)33 percent
C)66 percent
D)99 percent

Question 56

Which of the following can be concluded about much of the food aid from the United States?

A)It is highly beneficial to most countries it is sent to as it provides both food and jobs.
B)By ensuring export markets for their food, it benefits U.S.food producers much more than the nations it is sent to.
C)It benefits the nations it is sent to at the expense of U.S.food producers, who must sell their food at too cheap a price.
D)It benefits the nations it is sent to more than all other kinds of aid, which are not effective immediately.

Question 57

Serge argues with his professor, saying that the reason why Latin America continues to be poor is due to the greed of countries like Canada and the United States, which keep Latin America trapped in a cycle of debt.What theory is Serge's argument informed by?

A)dependency theory
B)world systems theory
C)modernization theory
D)new international division of labour theory

Question 58

Which of the following nations has realized the most significant positive change in its share of world gross domestic product between 1980 and 2010?

A)the United States
B)Japan
C)India
D)China

Question 59

Which of the following is a modernization theorist most likely to recommend for an underdeveloped country?

A)renegotiate foreign debt
B)open a network of birth-control clinics
C)close foreign military bases on its territory
D)limit foreign direct investment

Question 60

Which of the following categories forms a majority of those living in desperate poverty?

A)men
B)women
C)children
D)the elderly

Question 61

What does the case of tobacco manufacturer Philip Morris's attempts to establish a market in Korea illustrate?

A)Politics and economics can work against one another.
B)Politics and economics often reinforce one another.
C)Politics may encourage trade but the economics do not allow for it.
D)The economics may encourage trade but the politics do not support it.

Question 62

According to dependency theory, what type of country is Canada?

A)a core capitalist country
B)a core peripheral country
C)a peripheral capitalist country
D)a semiperipheral capitalist country

Question 63

Which of the following should be considered part of an anti-globalization movement?

A)the World Trade Organization
B)the United Nations
C)the European Union
D)the Occupy Movement

Question 64

On which of the following conditions for economic development does Canada compare favourably with South Korea?

A)state policy
B)geopolitical position
C)workers' movement
D)social solidarity

Question 65

In a class discussion about the homogenizing effects of globalization, Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants there are locally influenced differences in products and services.Which of the following theories could Freja draw upon to support her argument?

A)conflict theory
B)structural functionalism
C)postmodernism
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 66

The country where Tomaso lives has abundant natural resources, which are quickly being extracted and sold, and he and most people he knows work long hours for a small amount of money.Which country does Thomas most likely live in?

A)Japan
B)Guatemala
C)Israel
D)Taiwan

Question 67

The fact that governments can allow or disallow international access to their nations shows that which of the following is a significant source of globalization?

A)politics
B)economics
C)technology
D)culture

Question 68

Which of the following exemplifies globalization?

A)Indian company Wind provides telephone services in Ontario.
B)Montreal fishmongers sell both Atlantic and Pacific salmon.
C)Much cheese produced in Quebec is consumed in Ontario.
D)"Hundred-mile diet" is based on consumption of local food.

Question 69

Brazil is a former Portuguese colony that has been industrializing and rapidly increasing its gross national product.What type of country is Brazil?

A)core
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)semicore

Question 70

Using the same rationale that the United States used in determining which nations to aid financially and which to ignore, what is the most important influence on assistance?

A)moral obligations
B)historical relationships
C)geopolitical locations
D)urgent need

Question 71

What are strategies such as debt cancellation, tariff reduction, and foreign aid aimed at infrastructural support intended to do?

A)eliminate foreign aid for any other purpose
B)foster better international relations between all nations
C)intervene in the most harmful aspects of neoliberalism
D)develop a global, one-world economy

Question 72

Canada is involved in several trade agreements with other nations.At one point, the Canadian government was sued for acting as a "barrier to trade" because it disallowed a product that exceeded allowable toxicity levels from being sold in Canada.What does this legal action demonstrate?

A)the illegal costs of international trade
B)the decreased autonomy of nation-states involved in international trade agreements
C)the increased power of nation-states over trade agendas
D)the increase in national costs because of doing business with unscrupulous trading partners

Question 73

What useful lesson in alleviating the plight of poor countries could the international community learn from organizations such as Oxfam?

A)support democratic regimes
B)oppose autocratic regimes
C)increase the amount of foreign aid
D)redesign the delivery of foreign aid

Question 74

According to the textbook, which of the following is necessary for globalization to occur?

A)widespread acceptance of cosmopolitanism
B)cheap transport and communication technology
C)socialism in at least some of the world's countries
D)international inequality which globalization will remedy

Question 75

Which of the following shows the highest level of inequality measured by the Gini index?

A)individuals worldwide
B)individuals in developing countries
C)a country like Germany
D)a country like Brazil

Question 76

Which of the following do most sociologists NOT consider as source of globalization?

A)politics
B)economics
C)technology
D)culture

Question 77

What can be concluded using the Gini index figures regarding inequality?

A)Inequality is greater within certain nations than worldwide.
B)Inequality is greater worldwide than within any one nation.
C)Inequality is the same worldwide as within certain nations.
D)Inequality worldwide is roughly 30 times that of the inequality within any one nation.

Question 78

Which of the following is the main characteristic of transnational corporations?

A)They exploit natural resources.
B)They sell to domestic markets.
C)They rely on foreign labour.
D)They are subject to national governments.

Question 79

In which of the following theories does modernization theory have roots?

A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)postmodernism

Question 80

Which of the following always searches for increased profit and market?

A)industrial capitalism
B)international labour
C)international organizations
D)industrial alliances