Deck 11: The Nature and Symptoms of Pain

Question 1

You have a really bad sunburn and developed blisters on the worst areas.You have third-degree burns.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Most research suggests that chronic pain leads to psychological disturbance - not the other way around.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Match the following with the statements in one through
Associated with sharp, well?localized, distinct pain

A)A-delta fibres
B)C-fibres
C)serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
D)nociceptors
E)endogenous opioids

Answer 3

A-delta fibres

Question 4

Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cause pain which Turk, Meichenbaum and Genest (1983) might classify as chronic-recurrent.

Question 5

Match the following with the statements
In a heart attack, the pain may be felt in the shoulders, or arms

A)referred
B)phantom limb
C)causalgia
D)neuralgia
E)analgesia

Question 6

Match the following with the statements
A burning pain, usually at the site of an old wound

A)referred
B)phantom limb
C)causalgia
D)neuralgia
E)analgesia

Question 7

Match the following with the statements in one through
Associated with diffuse, dully burning or aching sensations

A)A-delta fibres
B)C-fibres
C)serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
D)nociceptors
E)endogenous opioids

Question 8

According to gate control theory, the gating mechanism is found in a portion of the thalamus.

Question 9

Match the following with the statements
Shooting or stabbing pain along the course of a nerve

A)referred
B)phantom limb
C)causalgia
D)neuralgia
E)analgesia

Question 10

Match the following with the statements in one through
Endorphin and enkephalin

A)A-delta fibres
B)C-fibres
C)serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
D)nociceptors
E)endogenous opioids

Question 11

Match the following with the statements
State of not being able to feel pain

A)referred
B)phantom limb
C)causalgia
D)neuralgia
E)analgesia

Question 12

The EMG is useful for assessing the muscle tension frequently associated with pain.

Question 13

Research indicates that placebos have no physiological effect.

Question 14

Match the following with the statements
A pain experienced in amputees

A)referred
B)phantom limb
C)causalgia
D)neuralgia
E)analgesia

Question 15

Match the following with the statements in one through
Promote immune system activity and cause inflammation at the injury site

A)A-delta fibres
B)C-fibres
C)serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
D)nociceptors
E)endogenous opioids

Question 16

Organic pain and psychogenic pain differ only in the degree of tissue damage.

Question 17

Match the following with the statements in one through
Nerve endings that respond to pain

A)A-delta fibres
B)C-fibres
C)serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
D)nociceptors
E)endogenous opioids

Question 18

Sharp, well?localized pain is transmitted along A?delta fibres.

Question 19

Jerry suffered from pain following a vasectomy.His wife felt sorry for him and performed many of his chores for him.It is plain that Terry's pain has a secondary gain.

Question 20

One common way of measuring pain in children under the age of five is to observe the pain behaviours they exhibit

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding pain is true?

A)Pain is best characterized along a continuum of organic and psychogenic causes.
B)Pain always occurs with the presence of tissue damage.
C)People with psychogenic pain have different pain experiences than do people with organic pain.
D)Pain disorders result from very serious tissue damage.

Question 22

Nick cut his hand today and is a great deal of acute pain.What else is Nick likely to experience?

A)Increased sleeping.
B)A sense of helplessness and hopelessness.
C)Increased anxiety.
D)An elevated MMPI score.

Question 23

Chronic pain sufferers tend to

A)often leave their jobs.
B)feel worn down and exhausted.
C)become increasingly irritable with their families.
D)all of the above.

Question 24

Receptor cells specific only to pain

A)are destroyed in 3rd?degree burns.
B)are destroyed in 2nd?degree burns.
C)are found in the dermis.
D)do not exist.

Question 25

Tyson has a stabbing pain in his back but his physician cannot find any injury to his spinal column or surrounding muscles.Tyson's pain is likely to be classified as

A)chronic pain.
B)phantom pain.
C)organic pain.
D)psychogenic pain.

Question 26

Cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are frequently associated with

A)chronic-recurrent pain.
B)chronic-progressive pain.
C)chronic-intractable pain.
D)chronic-benign pain.

Question 27

Chronic discomfort that is psychogenic in origin is referred to as

A)pain disorder.
B)malingering.
C)chronic?organic syndrome.
D)acute pain.

Question 28

Discomfort caused by tissue damage is referred to as

A)chronic pain.
B)phantom pain.
C)organic pain.
D)psychogenic pain.

Question 29

Congenital insensitivity to pain

A)can indirectly lead to death.
B)does not exist.
C)has numerous health advantages.
D)is relatively common.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about pain is true?

A)Some people are insensitive to pain.
B)Pain serves a useful purpose.
C)Pain is the most common medical complaint.
D)All of the above statements are true.

Question 31

Migraine and muscle tension headaches are most characteristic of which category of chronic pain?

A)Recurrent.
B)Intractable.
C)Benign.
D)Progressive.

Question 32

Sandy is experiencing a shooting but dull pain in the muscles of her head, neck, and back.This syndrome is referred to as

A)acute pain.
B)somatoform disorder.
C)myofascial pain.
D)progressive?malignant syndrome.

Question 33

The primary approach for controlling acute pain due to burn is

A)analgesic medication.
B)informational control.
C)behavioural control.
D)cognitive control.

Question 34

During which of the following phases of burn treatment would a patient experience debridement?

A)Emergency phase.
B)Acute phase.
C)Rehabilitation phase.
D)Psychological intervention.

Question 35

The experience of pain

A)is an uncommon medical symptom.
B)is the most compelling force in seeking medical care.
C)actually discourages most sufferers from seeking medical care.
D)none of the above

Question 36

Third?degree burns are often marked by

A)little initial pain
B)nerve ending damage
C)destruction of the epidermis and dermis
D)all of the above

Question 37

The cutting away of dead tissue in burned areas is called

A)myofascia.
B)debridement.
C)the emergency phase.
D)the rehabilitation phase.

Question 38

The high levels of anxiety associated with acute pain

A)typically subside as pain decreases.
B)appears unrelated to the pain.
C)are alleviated with brief medical consultations.
D)increases with decreasing pain levels.

Question 39

Andrea has been experiencing a pain in her back for over a year.She has stopped engaging in all her favourite sports and social activities as a result. Andrea would most likely be classified as having _____ pain.

A)acute
B)chronic
C)C-fibre
D)psychogenic

Question 40

Damage deep within the body is most likely to be marked by

A)no pain at all.
B)dull, aching pain.
C)sharp pains.
D)burning sensations.

Question 41

Afferent nerve endings that respond to pain stimuli and signal injury are called

A)algogenic substances.
B)substance P.
C) nociceptors.
D)referred pain fibres.

Question 42

The releasing chemicals that are part of the physiology of pain

A)exist naturally in tissue.
B)promote immune system activity.
C)cause inflammation at the site of an injury.
D)all of the above

Question 43

Psychological approaches to pain control in burn patients

A)are generally ineffective due to the severity of the pain.
B)had the effect of increasing requests for medication.
C)avoid discussing tanking and debridement procedures.
D)none of the above

Question 44

Which of the following is true regarding specificity theory?

A)It suggested the presence of a pain area in the brain.
B)It has been unanimously supported by research.
C)It proposed no separate system for perceiving pain.
D)It successfully addresses the cause of phantom limb pain.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT true regarding pattern theory?

A)The sensations for pain and touch share common receptors.
B)It accurately explained the experiences of neuralgia and causalgia.
C)It proposed there is separate system for perceiving pain.
D)Intense patterns of neural activity are associated with the experience of pain.

Question 46

Which of the following is among the characteristics common to neuralgia, causalgia, and phantom limb pain?

A)They always occur in the absence of any tissue damage.
B)The pain they produce is present long after tissue damage has healed.
C)Pain intensity remains at the same level as was experienced at the time of tissue damage.
D)These pain syndromes rarely last more than 6 months.

Question 47

The fatty coating which enables neurons to transmit impulses more quickly is called

A)myelin.
B)nociceptor.
C)algogenic substance.
D)A?delta.

Question 48

Masochists are believed to learn to enjoy pain through the process of

A)operant conditioning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)brainwashing.
D)experimentation.

Question 49

According to Beecher, the difference in meaning of pain for soldiers versus surgical patients

A)was not related to the amount of pain experienced.
B)explained the lower levels of pain reports in soldiers because they were in denial.
C)explained the higher levels of pain reports in surgical patients because the surgical event was interpreted as a major life disruption.
D) was trivial.

Question 50

Pain originating from internal organs but perceived as coming from other parts of the body is called

A)referred pain
B)benign pain.
C)intractable pain
D)recurrent pain

Question 51

Specificity theory is to _____ as pattern theory is to _____.

A)separate; shared
B)chronic; acute
C)acute; chronic
D)shared; separate

Question 52

While under deep hypnosis, people report

A)feeling less pain than when in a waking state.
B)feeling more pain than when in a waking state.
C)no differences in the experience of pain.
D)they are distracted.

Question 53

Which of the following is pain felt when no noxious stimulation is present?

A)neuralgia
B)causalgia
C)phantom limb pain
D)all of the above

Question 54

C fibres are involved in

A)acute pain sensations
B)dull pain sensations
C)sharp, well?localized pain sensations
D)an "average" degree of pain

Question 55

In his classic work on the meaning of pain in soldiers and surgical patients, Beecher found which of the following?

A)Soldiers experienced far more pain than surgical patients.
B)The soldiers' wounds were probably less extensive than the intensive wounds left by surgery.
C)The soldiers were far less likely than surgical patients to request medication.
D)The extreme fright experienced by soldiers made their pain worse.

Question 56

Which of the following may typically result in referred pain?

A)heart attack
B)toothache
C)inflammation of the diaphragm
D)all of the above

Question 57

Which of the following provides an explanation for the phenomenon known as referred pain?

A) People are more familiar with sensations from the skin than from internal organs.
B) People who experience referred pain suffer from neurological damage.
C) Referred pain happens only in those people who have had a limb amputated.
D) Referred pain is purely a psychological problem.

Question 58

Lucia has been diagnosed with a case of neuralgia.She is most likely to experience

A)shooting pain.
B)burning pain.
C)pain in her back.
D)pain that is provoked only by an extremely noxious stimulus.

Question 59

The problems with the acceptance of pattern theory include

A)the requirement of intense stimuli to trigger pain.
B)the overlooking of psychological factors in pain.
C)the pain area of the brain does not exist.
D)all of the above

Question 60

Anthony reports intense burning pain at the site where he was stabbed by an attempted robber some time ago.Anthony may be experiencing

A)neuralgia.
B)causalgia.
C)referred pain.
D)hysterical pain.

Question 61

In stimulation-produced analgesia,

A)the release of substance P is blocked.
B)substance P is released.
C)substance P is manufactured.
D)the transmission cells are activated.

Question 62

Which of the following is considered evidence that children experience pain?

A)"Pain" facial expressions.
B)Changes in patterns of crying.
C)Rubbing hurt parts of the body.
D)all of the above

Question 63

Which of the following is a self?report method of pain assessment?

A)An electromyograph.
B)electroencephalograph.
C)UAB Pain Behaviour Scale.
D)McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Question 64

According to gate-control theory, the proposed gating mechanism is located in

A)the substantia gelatinosa.
B)the periaqueductal gray.
C)the gray matter of the brain.
D)the thalamus.

Question 65

Patients with low back pain from which part of the world reported more suffering and disability?

A)New Zealand.
B)Mexico.
C)North America.
D)Japan.

Question 66

Provide support for the idea that organic and psychogenic pain should be considered as a continuum.

Question 67

Which of the following best states the relationship between stress and pain?

A)Stress and pain are not related.
B)Stress may cause pain but not vice?versa.
C)Pain may cause stress but not vice?versa.
D)Stress may cause pain and pain may cause stress.

Question 68

Which set of patients is most likely to have a physiological reaction to pain-related words?

A)Hypnotized persons.
B)Those who use emotion-based coping strategies.
C)Migraine sufferers.
D)Phantom limb pain patients.

Question 69

"Squeaky", a laboratory rat, has an electrode implanted in the periaqueductal gray area of his midbrain.When electrical stimulation is turned on, Squeaky is likely to

A)feel pain.
B)feel analgesia.
C)start vocalizations.
D)begin pain behaviours.

Question 70

Which of the following closes the gating mechanism according to the gate?control pain theory?

A)Depression.
B)Anxiety.
C)Medication.
D)Boredom.

Question 71

Compare and contrast early theories of pain with the gate-control theory.

Question 72

According to gate-control theory, the gating mechanism receives input from

A)transmission cells, the periaqueductal gray, and the spinal cord
B)A-delta fibres, transmission cells, and c-fibres
C)large-diameter fibres, small-diameter fibres, and transmission cells
D)pain fibres, other peripheral fibres, and descending messages from the brain

Question 73

Before his tooth extraction, David received an injection of naloxone.He is likely to experience

A)hallucinations since it is an opioid.
B)analgesia.
C)pain.
D)sedation.

Question 74

Jocelyn fractured her foot during the second half of a soccer match but continued to play for the remainder of the game with little discomfort, due to the release of

A)substance P.
B)algogenic substances.
C)gelatinosa.
D)endogenous opioids.

Question 75

Ischemia is another name for

A)the cold pressor procedure.
B)phantom limb pain.
C)chronic pain.
D)insufficient blood flow.

Question 76

Which of the following procedures can be used to measure pain threshold?

A) The cold pressor procedure.
B)The muscle-ischemia procedure.
C)Debridement.
D)Hypnosis.

Question 77

An inert substance that produces an effect is called

A)naloxone.
B)an opioid.
C)a neurotransmitter.
D)a placebo.

Question 78

The substances known as endorphins and enkephalins

A)play a partial role in analgesia.
B)are the chemical agents found in aspirin.
C)play no role in analgesia.
D)are opiates.

Question 79

Higher pain thresholds are reported by people exposed with which of the following experimental stimuli?

A)A lecture or a funny movie.
B)A funny movie or a baseball game.
C)A relaxing tape or a funny movie.
D)White noise or a lecture on pain.

Question 80

According to gate-control theory, who is likely to experience the most pain?

A)Amir, who massaged his shin after he hit it on the coffee table.
B)Ellen, who is bored and depressed.
C)Jacob, who is focusing intently on the good book he is reading.
D)Darrell, who is watching an exciting baseball game.