Deck 20: Oceans in Jeopardy

Question 1

Greenhouse gases are associated with all except:

A) global warming.
B) coral bleaching.
C) cooling of Arctic waters.
D) sea level rise.
E) melting of glaciers.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Reported toxins' effects on marine phytoplankton include all of the following except

A) increased sinking rate.
B) inhibited photosynthesis.
C) reduced growth.
D) reduced cell division.
E) tumors.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The largest volumetric component of trash collected on beaches will likely be:

A) metal.
B) plastic.
C) medical waste.
D) glass.
E) cigarette butts.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Pollution in the coastal area has led to

A) sea level rise.
B) an increase in upwelling.
C) a decrease in economic and recreational value.
D) a decrease in upwelling.
E) increases in fishery landings.

Question 5

DDT was used in the U.S. in the ____ industry.

A) plastics
B) agricultural
C) paint
D) manufacturing
E) weapons.

Question 6

A toxic organic compound is:

A) chromium.
B) polychlorinated biphenyls.
C) trash.
D) oil.
E) zinc.

Question 7

Toxins can lead to:

A) increased harvestable metals in the ocean.
B) reduction in anaerobes in the sediment.
C) reduction in primary production.
D) increase in primary production.
E) increase in individual size and growth rates.

Question 8

Animals that are likely to be severely affected by DDT include:

A) pelicans.
B) jellyfish.
C) anchovies.
D) mussels.
E) copepods..

Question 9

The biggest problem facing coastal habitats is not dumping but:

A) overfishing.
B) river runoff.
C) development.
D) offshore oil spills.
E) nuclear power plant leakage.

Question 10

When seawater rises more than 10 mm per year, symbiotic zoxoanthellae will

A) increase due to the warm water.
B) be reduced without sufficient sunlight.
C) be reduced by the increased pressure.
D) increase due to the input of nutrients.
E) increase due to increased water pressure.

Question 11

Ocean dumping of trash is an example of society doing all except

A) abusing the ocean.
B) finding short-term profits in waste disposal.
C) finding a viable solution to trash.
D) having an "out of sight, out of mind" mentality.

Question 12

The reported effects of toxins on marine zooplankton include

A) increased sinking rate.
B) faster growth.
C) tumors.
D) altered growth and development.
E) increase in photosynthetic rates.

Question 13

The following is not a heavy metal toxin:

A) DDT.
B) mercury.
C) lead.
D) zinc.
E) copper.

Question 14

Future dumping of radioactive waste by U.S.-based organizations into the ocean requires:

A) a permit by the Department of Commerce.
B) approval by the President of the United States.
C) an environmental impact statement and approval by both houses of Congress.
D) approval by the EPA.
E) approval by the Department of Energy.

Question 15

Species diversity of plankton in the North Atlantic has been reduced by

A) global warming.
B) oil spills.
C) toxic compounds.
D) solar flares.
E) alteration of surface currents.

Question 16

Over ____% of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of a coastline.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 50
E) 70

Question 17

Throughout this century, the military has

A) recycled all of its trucks and jeeps.
B) processed chemicals prior to ocean dumping.
C) discarded unwanted materials into the ocean.
D) removed all unwanted materials to the land for processing.

Question 18

Most coastal pollution comes from

A) oil spills from ships.
B) dumping of trash.
C) military disposal.
D) runoff from urban and agricultural lands.
E) nuclear power plants.

Question 19

Ocean dumping began

A) early in human history.
B) with the development of Middle Age cities.
C) with the Industrial Age.
D) in the early part of the 19^th century.
E) in the 1960's.

Question 20

Ocean pollution includes all except

A) toxins.
B) heavy metals.
C) dissolved oxygen.
D) oil.
E) PCBs.

Question 21

In waters of low nutrients, eutrophication can lead to

A) increased production.
B) reduced production.
C) decreased phytoplankton growth.
D) reduction in species diversity.
E) increased water clarity.

Question 22

Plastics can best be described as being:

A) persistent.
B) biodegradable.
C) harmless to marine animals.
D) found only in areas where they are dumped.
E) recyclable.

Question 23

Health officials measure ____ to evaluate if disease agents are present.

A) byssal thread density
B) changes in species composition
C) coliform bacteria
D) the oyster index
E) water density

Question 24

Plastic pollution is considered by many scientists to be:

A) a minor nuisance.
B) biodegradable.
C) of lesser importance than oil or toxins.
D) of equal importance to oil and toxins.
E) a problem best left for the next generation to deal with.

Question 25

Sewage treatment is a way to prevent raw sewage causing

A) oil spills.
B) oligotrophy.
C) eutrophication.
D) global warming.
E) coastal erosion.

Question 26

What type of organism can concentrate microbes?

A) Grazers
B) Filter feeders
C) Secondary consumers
D) Tertiary consumers
E) Scavengers

Question 27

Treated sewage released into the ocean adds large amounts of ____ into the water.

A) bacteria
B) DDT
C) PCBs
D) chlorine
E) zinc

Question 28

The largest oil spill in the United States was:

A) near Santa Barbara.
B) at Valdez, Alaska.
C) at the Deepwater Horizon rig.
D) on the Hudson river, New York.
E) in San Francisco Bay.

Question 29

The process whereby toxins are actively taken up by an organism is called:

A) additive affect.
B) bioaccumulation.
C) trophic dynamics.
D) predator-prey relationships.
E) adsorption onto seston.

Question 30

The increase in the concentration of toxicants up the food chain is called:

A) bioaccumulation.
B) biological magnification.
C) detoxification.
D) organic magnification.
E) none of the above.

Question 31

Toxic oil compounds' effects on the invertebrates include(s):

A) tainted flesh moving up the food chain.
B) all invertebrates are tolerant of oil pollution.
C) acting like a narcotic.
D) both a and c

Question 32

Eutrophication occurs when

A) species diversity increases.
B) coliform bacteria counts go up.
C) nutrient levels decline.
D) nutrient levels increase.
E) sea surface temperature decreases.

Question 33

Algal blooms result when unusually high amounts of nutrients enter the sea from:

A) runoff from land.
B) leaching from marine sediments.
C) direct intentional dumping.
D) input from wind.
E) shipboard disposal at sea.

Question 34

Lost traps to collect shellfish have a large impact on

A) marine mammals.
B) marine birds.
C) marine turtles.
D) lobster and crabs.
E) plankton.

Question 35

It is estimated that ____ tons of plastic enter the ocean annually.

A) 500
B) 500 thousand
C) 1 million
D) 10 million
E) 100 million

Question 36

Outbreaks of the dinoflagellates Pfesteria has been attributed to:

A) septic tank overflows.
B) agricultural runoff.
C) oil pollution.
D) carbon emissions.
E) urban runoff.

Question 37

Straight-chain oils are called:

A) aliphatic hydrocarbons.
B) aromatic hydrocarbons.
C) mixed hydrocarbons.
D) ethyl oils.
E) aromatic oils.

Question 38

Sewage pollution is especially problematic in coastal areas

A) that are sparsely populated.
B) after drought.
C) after prolonged rains.
D) having fast moving currents.

Question 39

Discarded plastic nets (known as ghost nets) and cargo straps are responsible

A) for the accumulation of debris.
B) for the death of up to 300,000 fur seals annually.
C) for reduction of lobster.
D) for catches of shellfish.
E) for supporting a viable fishery.

Question 40

Discarded or lost drift nets will have a large impact on:

A) schooling fishes.
B) marine mammals.
C) benthic invertebrates.
D) zooplankton.
E) both a and b

Question 41

Match the environmental problem with its cause
a.DDT
b.agriculture runoff
c.plastic wastes
d.range extension of species
Animal entanglement/death

Question 42

All of the following are currently used to clean up oil spills except:

A) booms.
B) naturally occurring bacteria.
C) genetically engineered bacteria.
D) straw.
E) skimmers.

Question 43

In the U.S. over ____ of the coastal wetland habitats have been destroyed.

A)


B)
C)


D)
E)

Question 44

A big obstacle preventing the protection of coastal wetlands is:

A) lack of laws protecting wetlands.
B) lack of interested groups.
C) politically-motivated decisions to change the definitions of wetlands.
D) lack of scientific understanding about the ecosystems.
E) none of the above.

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.chlorinated toxin
b.heavy metal
c.garbage
Mercury

Question 46

Introduction of nonnative marine species often occurs through release of ballast water in ports of call.

Question 47

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.chlorinated toxin
b.heavy metal
c.garbage
PCB

Question 48

Match the environmental problem with its cause
a.DDT
b.agriculture runoff
c.plastic wastes
d.range extension of species
Climate change

Question 49

PCBs are considered heavy metals.

Question 50

Which of the following is the greatest effect of oil on marine mammals and birds?

A) It is toxic to these animals.
B) It clogs their feeding structures.
C) It causes them to lose their insulation, leading to death by hypothermia.
D) It kills their food source.
E) It suffocates them.

Question 51

The community effect of oil pollution is

A) increased biomass.
B) reduced diversity.
C) longer food chains.
D) increased trophic complexity.
E) greater stability.

Question 52

Match the environmental problem with its cause
a.DDT
b.agriculture runoff
c.plastic wastes
d.range extension of species
Biomagnification

Question 53

Lead pollution has been on the rise since the 1970s.

Question 54

DDT breaks down in the environment fairly quickly.

Question 55

The heavier components of oil evaporate fairly quickly.

Question 56

The trophic levels that are most seriously harmed by biomagnified pollutants are the lower grazers and producers.

Question 57

Match the environmental problem with its cause
a.DDT
b.agriculture runoff
c.plastic wastes
d.range extension of species
Eutrophication

Question 58

DDT and PCBs are no longer legally used anywhere in the U.S.

Question 59

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.chlorinated toxin
b.heavy metal
c.garbage
Organic wastes

Question 60

When a pollutant interferes with photosynthesis of phytoplankton it indirectly affects higher trophic levels.

Question 61

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.polychlorinated biphenyls
b.benzene and other ring-shaped molecules
c.heptane and other straight-chain molecules
d.coliforms
PCBs

Question 62

Match the words with the most closely associated result.
a.land runoff
b.jetties, breakwaters
c.draining and filling
Wetland destruction

Question 63

Match the pollution source category with a common activity.
a.Fishing nets, buoys, and traps
b.Building materials
c.Food and beverage containers
d.Condoms and tampons
Shoreline and recreational activity

Question 64

Match the pollution source category with a common activity.
a.Fishing nets, buoys, and traps
b.Building materials
c.Food and beverage containers
d.Condoms and tampons
Ocean and waterway activities

Question 65

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.polychlorinated biphenyls
b.benzene and other ring-shaped molecules
c.heptane and other straight-chain molecules
d.coliforms
Microorganisms

Question 66

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.polychlorinated biphenyls
b.benzene and other ring-shaped molecules
c.heptane and other straight-chain molecules
d.coliforms
Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 67

Match the pollution source category with a common activity.
a.Fishing nets, buoys, and traps
b.Building materials
c.Food and beverage containers
d.Condoms and tampons
Medical waste

Question 68

Match the words with the most closely associated effect.
a.DDT
b.ocean rising
c.ocean warming
Thinning of seabirds' eggshells

Question 69

Match the words with the most closely associated effect.
a.DDT
b.ocean rising
c.ocean warming
Potential death of zooxanthellae and coral from low light levels

Question 70

Match the possible solution with the problem.
a.prevention and treatment of urban run-off
b.treatment of sewage
c.phasing out production of single-use plastic items
Oil pollution

Question 71

Match the percent with its most closely associated pollution source based on ICC volunteer efforts.
a.35.8
b.6.3
c.52
Shoreline and Recreational Activity

Question 72

Match the pollution source category with a common activity.
a.Fishing nets, buoys, and traps
b.Building materials
c.Food and beverage containers
d.Condoms and tampons
Dumping-related activities

Question 73

Match the words with the most closely associated result.
a.land runoff
b.jetties, breakwaters
c.draining and filling
Coastal pollution

Question 74

Match the words with the most closely associated effect.
a.DDT
b.ocean rising
c.ocean warming
Loss of zooxanthellae from reef-building corals

Question 75

Match the percent with its most closely associated pollution source based on ICC volunteer efforts.
a.35.8
b.6.3
c.52
Smoking Related

Question 76

Match the words with the most closely associated result.
a.land runoff
b.jetties, breakwaters
c.draining and filling
Coastal erosion

Question 77

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.polychlorinated biphenyls
b.benzene and other ring-shaped molecules
c.heptane and other straight-chain molecules
d.coliforms
Aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 78

Match the possible solution with the problem.
a.prevention and treatment of urban run-off
b.treatment of sewage
c.phasing out production of single-use plastic items
Eutrophication

Question 79

Match the percent with its most closely associated pollution source based on ICC volunteer efforts.
a.35.8
b.6.3
c.52
Ocean/Waterway

Question 80

Match the possible solution with the problem.
a.prevention and treatment of urban run-off
b.treatment of sewage
c.phasing out production of single-use plastic items
Marine animal death by entanglement/starvation